BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS) IN ARCHITECTURE THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM (ARC61303/ARC2224) SYNOPSIS: REACTION PAPER (AUGUST 2016) [10 MARKS]

NAME: ADIBAH BAHIAH BINTI AWANG ID: 0316318 LECTURER: PN NOR HAYATI HUSSAIN TUTORIAL TIME: 2.00 – 4.00 SYNOPSIS NO: 1 READER TITLE: IN THE CAUSE OF ARCHITECTURE, 1908

AUTHOR: FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT

Nature is described as the ultimate being, with a capital N to give emphasis to it’s importance. The paper expresses Frank Lloyd Wright’s passion driven from Nature, and how it has influenced his architecture throughout time. According to Wright, Nature is constant and does not fluctuate depending on what is socially acceptable. This is the main reason why he chose to use Nature as a basis in explaining his principles, which resulted in his significant organic architecture.

The main problem addressed by Wright is how greatly the Industrial Revolution has affected the world, and how it changed societal perceptions towards art and architecture. In a world of mass production, pre fabrication and globalization – the fine arts movements were given into trends and aesthetics were the least of the society’s concerns. Individuality was also non-existent, as everything was merely just a copy of a copy. Wright (1908) suggested that “There should be as many kinds of houses as there are kinds of people and as many differentiations as there are different individuals. A man who has individuality has a right to its expression in his own environment.”

The philosophies presented in the paper is a great guideline for future references of the construction industry and it upholds the credibility of architects in maintaining art in architecture, as well as using something constant as Nature as a guideline and tools of design. However, if architecture was meant to ease and simplify the lives of people, then it is arguable to say that architecture during the revolution was a complete failure with a lack of integrity, as it reached out to millions of people - and Wrights services were not necessarily “for the people”. At the time, it was considered more of a privilege rather than a necessity. Also, it is ironic when Wright speaks of individuality yet criticizes the choices of others in terms of personal preferences. Following a set of rules or principles results in a similar style of architecture, which is the “Frank Lloyd Wright’s” style - and does not necessarily reflect ones distinctive qualities, as people do come from different environment which affects their personal preferences.

WORD COUNT 356

Key points (2.5)

Appropriateness of

Terminologies (2.5)

Clarity in Opinions and

Reactions (2.5)

Logical Progression (2.5)

DATE: TOTAL MARK & GRADE

ASSSESSED BY:

SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION

ASSESSMENT RUBRIC

Grades Marks Key points (2.5) Appropriateness of Terminologies (2.5)

Clarity in Opinions and Reactions (2.5)

Logical Progression (2.5)

A 1.8 - 2.5

Evidence of outstanding understanding of Key points through clear explanation

Appropriate use of Terminologies In discussing the Issues/ Concepts/Theories

Outstanding Clarity in opinions and reactions - Supported with strong Logical explanation

Outstanding Articulation of logical expressions ending with well-developed paragraphs

B 1.5 - 1.79

Evidence of understanding of Key points through reasonable explanation

Reasonable use of Terminologies In discussing the Issues/ Concepts/Theories with Minor unfamiliarity

Reasonable clarity in opinions and reactions - Supported with Logical explanation

Reasonable Articulation of logical expressions ending with well-developed paragraphs

C 1.25 - 1.49

Evidence of Some Understanding of Key points through acceptable explanation

Acceptable use of Terminologies In discussing the Issues/ Concepts/Theories with Noticeable unfamiliarity

Acceptable Clarity in opinions and reactions - Supported with satisfactory explanation

Acceptable Articulation of logical expressions ending with some ambiguous statements

D 1 - 1.24

Evidence of Some Understanding of Key points through not quite acceptable explanation

Evidence of Terminologies however poorly communicated in discussing The Issues/ Concepts/Theories With

Weak Clarity in opinions and reactions - Supported with Lengthy explanation

Poor Articulation of logical expressions ending with noticeable ambiguous statements

F 0 - 0.99

Insufficient Evidence of Understanding of Key points through weak explanation

Insufficient Evidence of Terminologies in discussing the Issues/ Concepts/Theories With

Improper opinions and reactions. Not Matching the Issues/ Concepts/ Theories -Inadequate Reasons

Unable to Articulate / illogical expressions. Poorly written synopsis.