theories of cognitive development jean piaget. jean piaget (1896-1980)

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Theories of Theories of Cognitive Cognitive Development Development Jean Piaget Jean Piaget

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Page 1: Theories of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

Theories of Cognitive Theories of Cognitive DevelopmentDevelopment

Theories of Cognitive Theories of Cognitive DevelopmentDevelopment

Jean PiagetJean Piaget

Page 2: Theories of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

Page 3: Theories of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

Overview of Piaget’s Theories

• Sequence of stages• Schema: mental structure which

helps to organize knowledge

Page 4: Theories of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

• Assimilation – placing new info in a pre-existing schemai.e. Classifying a zebra as a horse (similar traits)

• Accommodation – modifying schema to fit new infoi.e. Forming a new schema for zebra

(different than a horse)

A horse is a horse, of course…

Page 5: Theories of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
Page 6: Theories of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

Sensorimotor Stage (birth-2 years)

• Senses & actions• Reflexes• Basics of language• Object Permanence: objects

removed from sight still exist

Page 7: Theories of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

Sensorimotor Stage • Primary circular reactions

– Experiment with own bodies (move arms, make noises w/mouth)

• Secondary circular reactions– Respond to other people/objects

• Tertiary circular reactions– Explore outside world

Page 8: Theories of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

• Egocentrism: one-dimensional thinking (everyone thinks/sees like me)– Animism: attribute life to

physical, non-living objects– Artificialism: natural

phenomena are created by people

Preoperational Stage (ages 2-7)

Page 9: Theories of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

• Lacks conservation (has centration) – does not recognize that basic properties of substances such as weight & mass remain the same when other features change (i.e. shape)

Page 10: Theories of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

• Theory of Mind – children’s ideas about their own and others’ mental states (thoughts, feelings) and the behaviors they predict

• Symbolic representation

Page 11: Theories of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

• Objective responsibility – assignment of blame according to the amount of damage done rather than the motives of the actor

Page 12: Theories of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

Concrete Operational Stage (ages 7-12 years)

• Logic – tangible objects rather than abstract ideas

• Capable of decentration – they can center on two dimensions at one time (achieve

conservation)

Page 13: Theories of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

• Subjective judgments of responsibility

• Concept of reversibility – recognition that processes can be undone, that things can be returned to their previous condition

Page 14: Theories of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

Formal Operational Stage (12 years +)

• Cognitive maturity• Abstract thought• Hypothetical situations• Reasoning & analyzing

Page 15: Theories of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

Evaluation of Piaget

• Accurate timing of stages?• Does development occur in

stages?• Do we all go through same

stages, same order, same time?

Page 16: Theories of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

Lev Vygotsky

• Emphasized intellectual growth based on social environment

• Scaffolding• Zone of proximal development