theories of communication
TRANSCRIPT
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COMMUNICATION SKILLSOUBA015113
MANSA DABY
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LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
Define communication
Describe the process of communication
Distinguish the elements of communication
Identify the functions of communication
Understand the benefits & barriers to
communication
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DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION = SHARING OF MEANING
LATIN: ‘COMMUNICARE’ = BE IN CONNECTION
WITH
Task:
Find a
wholesome
definition of
Communication
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FORMS OF COMMUNICATION
LINGUISTIC FORM
SYMBOLIC FORM
Verbal
Non-verbal
Task:
Make a list of
examples
of each
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MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION
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Linear / Bull’s Eye
Model of Communication
SENDER RECEIVER
MESSAGE
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Circular Flow / Ping Pong
Model of Communication
SENDER
MESSAGE
RECEIVER
FEEDBACK
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EXAMPLES OF LINEAR / CIRCULAR
COMMUNICATION
BENEFITS OF LINEAR / CIRCULAR
COMMUNICATION
DRAWBACKS OF LINEAR /
CIRCULAR COMMUNICATION
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5 W’s of COMMUNICATION
HAROLD LASSWELL
Who says SENDER
What MESSAGE
To Whom RECEIVER
Through What channel MEDIUM
Why/With What effect RESULT
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The Shannon – Weaver Mathematical
Model of Communication, 1949
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ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
SOURCE – the one who initiates the process of
communication
ENCODING – actions undertaken by the source to
translate thoughts, ideas and feelings into a form
perceptible by the senses
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ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
TRANSMISSION – using physical channels to get
the message across
CHANNEL – the physical medium through which
the message travels
CODE – the system of signs used
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RECEIVER – the target of the message
DECODING – actions undertaken by the receiver to
translate or interpret the message
DESTINATION – the ultimate recipient of the
message
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
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BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
(Noise/ Interference)
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IDEA ENCODING / DECODING
Perception
- Knowledge - Values
- Past - Culture
experience
- Feelings - Attitudes
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CONTEXT of Communication
Situation
Reason
Environment: physical & social
Circumstances
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SOURCES OF NOISE / INTERFERENCE
» Mechanical noise: made by the physical
device encoding/decoding message
» Semantic noise: different meanings for
same words or expressions
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SOURCES OF NOISE / INTERFERENCE
» Environmental noise: Completely external
of the communication process
» Internal noise: occurs inside the mind of
the receiver [selective attention/
retention, selective distortion, selective
recall]
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Examples of:
» Mechanical Noise
» Semantic Noise
» Environmental Noise
» Internal Noise
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ASPECTS OF COMMUNICATION
Genre
Topic / Referential focus
Purpose
Setting
Participants
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ASPECTS OF COMMUNICATION
Message form (Channel + Code)
Message content
Act sequence/ ordering (turn-taking, overlap)
Rules + norms of interaction (cultural
presupposition, shared understanding, etc.)
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LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION
INTRAPERSONAL LEVEL
INTERPERSONAL LEVEL
INTRAGROUP
INTERGROUP
INSTITUTIONAL / ORGANISATIONAL LEVEL
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LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION
FORMAL LEVEL
INFORMAL LEVEL
PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
MASS COMMUNICATION
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LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION
INSTITUTIONAL
SOCIETAL
INTERPERSONAL
GROUP
INTRAPERSONAL
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Categorize the following:
Conversation among family members at the
dinner table
Inter-office memo
Prime Minister’s speech on TV
Kid reciting multiplication tables
Complaint letter from a group of students to
Finance department of university
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COMMUNICATION STYLES
PASSIVE STYLE
ASSERTIVE STYLE
AGGRESSIVE STYLE
Task:
Make a list of
characteristics
of each
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1.What is Spongebob’s Communication Style?
A. Passive B. Assertive C. Aggressive
2. What is Plakton’s Communication Style?
A. Passive B. Assertive C. Aggressive
3. Is Plakton really teaching Spongebob
to be more assertive?Yes No
4. Does Spongebob manage
to become more assertive in the end?Yes No
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I’m a great believer that any tool that enhances
communication has profound effects in terms of how
people can learn from each other, and how they can
achieve the kind of freedoms that they’re interested in.
Bill Gates