Theories of Development

IP&T 301

Suzy Cox

Agenda

Brief review Jean Piaget Theory Capsule Lev Vygotsky Theory Capsule How the theories look in the classroom Supplementary Activity #4 Quiz

Piaget Cognitive Constructivism Schemes Stages we’re concerned with:

Preoperational Concrete Operational (see chart on p. 27)

Criticisms How do we implement this?

focus on process, active involvement, individual differences

Vygotsky

Social Constructivism Self-regulation Private Speech Zone of Proximal Development Scaffolding Reciprocal Teaching How do we implement this?

Mixed-ability grouping, challenging, self-monitoring

Erikson

Psychosocial crises Stages we’re concerned with:

Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority

School plays a central role How do we implement this?

Find student strengths, encourage experimentation

Piaget’s Moral Development

Cognitive abilities determine children’s abilities to reason about social situations

Heteronomous morality (until 10-12 – formal operations) Constraint, moral realism – inflexible,

consequences Autonomous morality

Cooperation, equality, mutual agreement, intentions, fairness

Resolving conflicts with peers helps progress

Kohlberg

Moral dilemmas Preconventional – until age 9 (varies)

Consequences, satisfy needs Conventional

Golden Rule, approval, duty Determine level of reasoning, moral

dilemmas, challenge to next higher stage

How do we encourage moral development?

Weave discussions of justice and moral issues into lessons, particularly classroom events

Foster greater awareness of own and others’ feelings, social responsibilities, and ethical choices

Provide a framework of expected behavior Discuss, “What if…?”, Allow cooperative groups to create their own

rules

Chart it!

Piaget Vygotsky Erikson Kohlberg

Focus

Development depends on…

Key terms

Stages

Supplementary Activity #4

Find a lesson plan Choose a developmental theory Analyze lesson plan based on that

theory http://msed.byu.edu/ipt/cox/301/hourout

3.htm

Assignments

Read Ch. 9 (pg. 298-328) Skinner Theory Capsules Start thinking about your Intelligence-

Fair assessment