Theory of EverythingTheory of Everything

STEPHEN STEPHEN HAWKINGHAWKING

Prepared by :- VIRAJ SHAH

AUTHOR :- STEPHEN AUTHOR :- STEPHEN HAWKINGHAWKING• BORN-8 January 1942BORN-8 January 1942• PLACE OF BIRTH-Oxford , EnglandPLACE OF BIRTH-Oxford , England• PARENTS-Isobel hawking & Frank hawkingPARENTS-Isobel hawking & Frank hawking• Occupation-Theoretical physicOccupation-Theoretical physic• Thesis-properties of expanding universeThesis-properties of expanding universe• Famous theories-Hawking radiation & Famous theories-Hawking radiation &

Hawking-penrose theoremHawking-penrose theorem• Alma mater-Oxford university(graduate)Alma mater-Oxford university(graduate) cambridge university(PHDcambridge university(PHD))

THE BOOKTHE BOOK• This book is a set of seven lectures on This book is a set of seven lectures on

various components of universevarious components of universe• This book was originally published in 1996This book was originally published in 1996• A film has also been made on Stephen A film has also been made on Stephen

hawking named after this book hawking named after this book • Except this Stephen hawking has written Except this Stephen hawking has written

95 other books out of which “universe in 95 other books out of which “universe in nutshell", "a brief history of time” & nutshell", "a brief history of time” & ”theory of everything” are most famous ”theory of everything” are most famous

Point of ViewPoint of View• This book is written in a simple language This book is written in a simple language

no mathematical equation is used in itno mathematical equation is used in it• Everything is explained using logic and Everything is explained using logic and

simple examples instead of simple examples instead of mathematical assumptions and higher mathematical assumptions and higher mathematical equationmathematical equation

• Although it is assumed that the reader is Although it is assumed that the reader is aware with classical physics and aware with classical physics and quantum mechanical phenomenons .quantum mechanical phenomenons .

summarysummary

What is a Theory of What is a Theory of Everything ???Everything ???• The unification of The unification of

General Relativity General Relativity and Quantum and Quantum MechanicsMechanics

• Relationship between Relationship between the four fundamental the four fundamental forcesforces

• Explains properties of Explains properties of fundamental particlesfundamental particles

• It explains the ideas about beginning It explains the ideas about beginning universe that used to be and that are universe that used to be and that are just nowjust now

• It is in chronological order of It is in chronological order of occurrence of ideas that where in past occurrence of ideas that where in past to that are in presentto that are in present

• It explains everything from earlier It explains everything from earlier earth centric views to heliocentric earth centric views to heliocentric views of Galileo and Copernicus to views of Galileo and Copernicus to freedmen theory of big bang freedmen theory of big bang

• It also states the proving of newton It also states the proving of newton wrong as he believed in static universe wrong as he believed in static universe and Einstein introducing cosmological and Einstein introducing cosmological constant in his theory to keep universe constant in his theory to keep universe staticstatic

• It is all about black holesIt is all about black holes• It explains the formation of black It explains the formation of black

holes , neutron stars and white dwarfsholes , neutron stars and white dwarfs• Their conditions of existence given by Their conditions of existence given by

an Indian sciencetist dr.chandrashaker an Indian sciencetist dr.chandrashaker which are till now in considerationwhich are till now in consideration

• Black holes detection in a system Black holes detection in a system called Cygnus XI called Cygnus XI

• It also states about event horizon and It also states about event horizon and effects of black hole on space time effects of black hole on space time fabric as a singularityfabric as a singularity

• It explains a totally different things It explains a totally different things about black holes that even black holes about black holes that even black holes radiate to not violate second law of radiate to not violate second law of thermodynamicthermodynamic

• It was a theory proposed by Stephen It was a theory proposed by Stephen hawking and his student dr.penrose hawking and his student dr.penrose that black hole also emit radiation that black hole also emit radiation equivalent to energy proportion of equivalent to energy proportion of mass that is sucked in itmass that is sucked in it

• It also explains in detail about It also explains in detail about primordial black holes(small black hole) primordial black holes(small black hole) and the irony that smaller black holes and the irony that smaller black holes are easier to detect than larger ones are easier to detect than larger ones

• It is again about the origin of It is again about the origin of universe by inflationary theory which universe by inflationary theory which do not have singularities in starting do not have singularities in starting of universe where all classical physic of universe where all classical physic laws fail (even GTOR)laws fail (even GTOR)

• It states about imaginary time It states about imaginary time dimension that moves parallel to dimension that moves parallel to space space

• In this lecture he also explains about In this lecture he also explains about quantum gravity and no boundary quantum gravity and no boundary condition of time which is finitecondition of time which is finite

• It explains about direction of timeIt explains about direction of time• It explains it with three arrows of time It explains it with three arrows of time • (a)thermodynamical arrow(a)thermodynamical arrow• (b)psycological arrow(b)psycological arrow (c)cosmological arrow(c)cosmological arrowHe also prints his misunderstanding He also prints his misunderstanding

about cosmological and about cosmological and thermodynamical arrow of time thermodynamical arrow of time having opposite direction if universe having opposite direction if universe was shrinkig insead of expandingwas shrinkig insead of expanding

• In this lecture he thinks of a unified In this lecture he thinks of a unified theory of physics that could explain all theory of physics that could explain all other theories (partial) with only one other theories (partial) with only one explainationexplaination

• All forces and their reason of existance All forces and their reason of existance will be covered in this theorywill be covered in this theory

• String theory a theory which he thinks String theory a theory which he thinks is very close to this unified theory of is very close to this unified theory of physics is also explained in thisphysics is also explained in this

• But string theory is not considered valid But string theory is not considered valid till now as for the existance of string till now as for the existance of string theory there has to be either “26” or theory there has to be either “26” or “10” dimensions while we belive in only “10” dimensions while we belive in only 4 dimensions 3 of space and one of 4 dimensions 3 of space and one of timetime

THANK YOU…THANK YOU…