the$plantwith$something$for$everyone$ ·...

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The barrel cactus is an important partner for lots of desert species. Not only does the plant receive pollina8on from insects and seed dispersal from vertebrates, but it also hires ants to defend it against insect herbivores. It does this by producing sugary nectar that the ants can feed on. By providing food yearround and a>rac8ng s8nging or aggressive ants, the plants stay rela8vely damagefree. Barrel cactus spines both deter mammal herbivores and protect against sunburn. The spines reflect harmful UV radia8on and protect vulnerable fleshy surfaces. Like all plants, barrel cac8 take in CO 2 , which they use to make food, through their stomata. Many desert plants open these stomata at night to minimize water loss. The barrel’s deep side grooves also allow the plant to swell and store water without tearing. The barrel cactus is an outcrosser that must be pollinated in order to produce seeds. Its open flower shape makes it appealing to many insects, but na8ve solitary bees are the most important pollinators. Each barrel cactus fruit contains hundreds to thousands of seeds. A single visit from a pollinator results in about 20% of average seed produc8on. Most flowers probably receive about 6 visitors over the 25 days they are open. The plant with something for everyone Uprooted barrel cactus have survived up to 6 years in a laboratory without water! In the wild, hard frosts are more lifethreatening than extreme heat. Once dead, the roSng 8ssue of this cactus can be home to more than 35 different beetle species. © 1985 Jim Honcoop / ASDM Sonoran Desert Digital Library © 1990 Mark Dimmi> / ASDM Sonoran Desert Digital Library © 2009 Daniel F. Aus8n / ASDM Sonoran Desert Digital Library

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Page 1: The$plantwith$something$for$everyone$ · The$barrel$cactus$is$an$importantpartner$for$lots$of$desertspecies.$Notonly$does$the$ plantreceive$pollinaon$from$insects$and$seed$dispersal$from$vertebrates

The  barrel  cactus  is  an  important  partner  for  lots  of  desert  species.  Not  only  does  the  plant  receive  pollina8on  from  insects  and  seed  dispersal  from  vertebrates,  but  it  also  hires  ants  to  defend  it  against  insect  herbivores.  It  does  this  by  producing  sugary  nectar  that  the  ants  can  feed  on.  By  providing  food  year-­‐round  and  a>rac8ng  s8nging  or  aggressive  ants,  the  plants  stay  rela8vely  damage-­‐free.  

Barrel  cactus  spines  both  deter  mammal  herbivores  and  protect  against  sunburn.  The  spines  reflect  harmful  UV  radia8on  and  protect  vulnerable  fleshy  surfaces.  Like  all  plants,  barrel  cac8  take  in  CO2,  which  they  use  to  make  food,  through  their  stomata.  Many  desert  plants  open  these  stomata  at  night  to  minimize  water  loss.  The  barrel’s  deep  side  grooves  also  allow  the  plant  to  swell  and  store  water  without  tearing.

The  barrel  cactus  is  an  out-­‐crosser  that  must  be  pollinated  in  order  to  produce  seeds.  Its  open  flower  shape  makes  it  appealing  to  many  insects,  but  na8ve  solitary  bees  are  the  most  important  pollinators.  

Each  barrel  cactus  fruit  contains  hundreds  to  thousands  of  seeds.  A  single  visit  from  a  pollinator  results  in  about  20%  of  average  seed  produc8on.  Most  flowers  probably  receive  about  6  visitors  over  the  2-­‐5  days  they  are  open.

The  plant  with  something  for  everyone  

Uprooted  barrel  cactus  have  survived  up  to  6  years  in  a  laboratory  without  water!  In  the  wild,  hard  frosts  are  more  life-­‐threatening  than  extreme  heat.  Once  dead,  the  roSng  8ssue  of  this  cactus  can  be  home  to  more  than  35  different  beetle  species.    

©  1985  Jim  Honcoop  /  ASDM  Sonoran  Desert  Digital  Library  

©  1990  Mark  Dimmi>  /  ASDM  Sonoran  Desert  Digital  Library  

©  2009  Daniel  F.  Aus8n  /  ASDM  Sonoran  Desert  Digital  Library