There Are Four Different Parenting

Styles• Authoritarian~ Low Love and High

Limits• Permissive ~ High Love and Low

Limits• Authoritative ~ Democratic or

Balanced: High Love and High Limits• Uninvolved ~ Rejecting/Neglecting:

Low Love and Low Limits

Impact of parenting according to the

psychological perspectives

Behaviorism• “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed,

and my own specified world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select—doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors.” (1930) — John B. Watson

Behaviorism• The environment a child grows up in has the most

significant impact on shaping a child’s personality and skills

• Children learn behaviors through rewards and punishments

• Children learn through modeling and imitation

• Activity: Outline a set of dos and don’ts for parents who wish to raise a child with high self esteem and to be socially acceptable

Parenting Tips• Parenting Don’ts• Parenting Dos

Humanism• positive regard - children seek for love, approval

and acceptance from others especially their parents

• unconditional positive regard - parents love and approval are freely granted not conditional on the child’s behavior

• conditional positive regard - we receive love and approval for our positive behavior

• conditions of worth - we see ourselves as worthy only under the conditions that are acceptable to our parents. We avoid behaviors or conditions that are not acceptable to our parents

Activity:Create a “family sculpture” showing a parenting style and it’s impact on the function of the family.

Psychoanalytic• emphasized the recognition of childhood events

that could potentially influence the mental functioning of adults

• Emphasizes importance of parents in guiding children to overcome certain “crises” that occur in development

• Focus on unconscious conflicts that need to be overcome for normal development

Psychoanalytic

Psychosexual Development

• Pleasure-seeking energies become focused on certain erogenous areas. This psychosexual energy, or libido, was described as the driving force behind behavior.

• If certain issues are not resolved at the appropriate stage, fixation can occur. A fixation is a persistent focus on an earlier psychosexual stage.

Psychosexual Development

Oral Stage (birth-1year)

• Erogenous Zone: Mouth- Pleasure from sucking and swallowing

• Crisis: Weaning

• Fixation: Oral receptive personalityOral aggressive personality

Psychosexual Development

Anal Stage (1 to 3 years)

• Erogenous Zone: bowel and bladder control

• Crisis: Potty training

• Fixation: Anal retentiveAnal expulsive

Psychosexual Development

Phallic Stage (3 to 6 years)

Erogenous Zone: genitals

Crisis: Oedipus complex or Electra complexcastration anxiety and penis envyIdentification with same sex parent

Fixation: Failure to resolve complex explains many behaviors

Psychosexual Development

Latency Stage (6 to 11 years)

Erogenous Zone: Sexual desire is repressed

Crisis: Sexual energy is converted to socially valued activities

Fixation: the child must develop a certain degree of competence in socially acceptable behaviors

Psychosexual Development

Genital Stage (11 years on)

Erogenous Zone: genitals

Crisis: sexual and romantic interest is directed toward’s one’s peers

Fixation: If the other stages have been completed successfully, the individual should now be well-balanced, warm and caring.