thermal-fluids modeling of atr experiments
TRANSCRIPT
Thermal-Fluids Modeling of ATR Experimentsof ATR ExperimentsPaul MurrayExperiment Design and Analysis
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Experiment Design and AnalysisIdaho National LaboratoryIdaho Falls, ID
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ATR NSUF User’s Week Experimenter CourseJune 20, 2012w
Outline• Preliminaries
ATR d i di ti iti– ATR core and irradiation positions– Thermal-fluids modeling software
• Capsule experiments– Thermal modeling of the UCSB-2 experiment– Comparison of measured and calculated temperatures– Gas gap temperature control in capsule experiments
• Pressurized water loop experiments– Thermal-fluids modeling of the EPRI loop experiment– Comparison of various thermal-fluids models
• Fuel plate experiments– Thermal-fluids modeling of the RERTR-12 experiment– Comparison to analytical heat transfer modelsy
ATR core cross-section
Fuel assemblies (40) Outer shim
control drums
A-positions (16)
Neck shim control rods
I-positions (24)
Flux traps
B-positions (12)
H-positions (14)
Flux traps (9)
Thermal-fluids modeling software• FLUENT
Fl id d i d h t t f– Fluid dynamics and heat transfer• ABAQUS
– Solid mechanics and heat transfer• RELAP5
– Two-phase flow and heat transfer in reactor systems
Example 1 – UCSB-2 lead-out experiment• Experiment capsule design
Pressure tube
H li /Thermocouples
Exhaust line
Helium/argon gas gap
Gas lines
SpecimensOuter sealing tube
Inner capsule
Example 1 – UCSB-2 lead-out experiment• Low alloy carbon steel specimens irradiated at 250°C to 310°C• Instrumented with 28 thermocouples• Active temperature control using helium-argon control gas
6
Example 1 – UCSB-2 lead-out experiment• Location of thermocouples
TC-13TC-14
TC-15TC-16
TC-17TC-18
TC-19TC-21TC-22TC-24
TC-23TC-25TC-26
TC-27TC-28 TC-20
TC-1TC-2TC-4
TC-3TC-5TC-7TC-6TC-8
TC-9TC-10
TC-11TC-12
Example 1 – UCSB-2 lead-out experiment• Model geometry and calculated temperature distribution
Example 1 – UCSB-2 lead-out experiment• Calculated temperature of specimens and thermocouples using design gas mixture
350
300
350Specimen
Thermocouple
250
(deg
rees
C)
150
200
Tem
pera
ture
(
100
T
501 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Thermocouple Number
Example 1 – UCSB-2 lead-out experiment• Comparison of measured and calculated TC temperature using actual gas mixtures
350
300
350Measured
Calculated
250
degr
ees
C)
150
200
Tem
pera
ture
(d
100
T
501 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Thermocouple Number
Example 1 – UCSB-2 lead-out experiment• Error bars corresponding to ±0.002 inch uncertainty in gas gaps
350
300
350Measured
Calculated
250
(deg
rees
C)
150
200
Tem
pera
ture
(
100
T
501 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Thermocouple Number
Temperature control in capsule experiments• Gas gap temperature controlled capsule experiments
St ti l i t ith fi d t t t l– Static capsule experiment with fixed temperature control gas– Lead-out experiment with variable temperature control gas
• Factors affecting temperature variation– Heating rate– Gas gap size– Specimen size– Axial position in core– Reactor power variations
• Methods to control temperature variation– Specimen isolation– Dimensional tolerances– Active temperature control
Example 2 – pressurized water loop• In-pile tube and out-of-pile facility for loop 2A-C
Example 2 – pressurized water loop• In-core section of in-pile tube containing specimens and holder
Envelope tubePressure tube
Flow tube
Example 2 – EPRI loop experiment• Irradiate nickel-base alloys and stainless steel compact tension (CT)
specimens at 288°Cspecimens at 288 C• Coolant flow 10 – 60 gpm• Coolant pressure 1800 – 2200 psig• Coolant temperature 200°C – 300°C
Example 2 – EPRI loop experiment• Model geometry of CT specimens
Coolant flow
CT specimen
Inner wall of specimen holder
Example 2 – EPRI loop experiment• Temperature contours at specimen interior• Peak temperature is 60°C greater than coolant temperature
Example 2 – EPRI loop experiment• Temperature as a function of axial position relative to core mid-plane
300
280
300
260
re (d
eg C
)
240
Tem
pera
tu
Specimen Temperature Bottom Holder - ABAQUSSpecimen Temperature Bottom Holder - RELAP5Specimen Temperature Lower Center Holder - ABAQUSSpecimen Temperature Lower Center Holder - RELAP5S i T t U C t H ld ABAQUS
220Specimen Temperature Upper Center Holder - ABAQUSSpecimen Temperature Upper Center Holder - RELAP5Specimen Temperature Top Holder - ABAQUSSpecimen Temperature Top Holder- RELAP5Coolant Temperature - ABAQUSCoolant Temperature - RELAP5
200
Position Relative to Core Mid-Plane (inches)
Example 2 – EPRI loop experiment• RELAP5 model of in-vessel components• Operating conditions needed to attain
turn-around
• Operating conditions needed to attain 288°C specimen temperature
300 flow channels
hanger rod and adapter
200
250
300
pera
ture
(C) inside and
outside flow tube
flow channels inside holders
holderspressure tube envelope tube
flow tube
insulating
100
150
200
Coo
lant
Tem
p
specimens
insulating gas gap
50
100
20 30 40 50 60
Inle
t
Center Flux Trap Power (MW)
test stop
inletoutlet
Example 3 – RERTR-12 fuel experiment• Irradiate uranium-10%molybdenum alloy fuel plates• Experiment contains 4 capsules, each capsule contains 8 fuel plates
Example 3 – RERTR-12 fuel experiment• Coolant conditions (2 pumps)
360 i i l t– 360 psig inlet pressure– 52°C inlet temperature– 73 psi core pressure drop
43 fl th h l– 43 gpm flow through capsule• Comparison of measured and calculated flow
50
m)
30
40
Cap
sule
(gpm
0
10
20
Flow
Insi
de
Flow Rate (experimental friction loss factor)Flow Rate (RELAP5)
0 20 40 60 80Pressure Drop (psi)
Example 3 – RERTR-12 fuel experiment• Model geometry of a RERTR capsule containing 8 plates
Example 3 – RERTR-12 fuel experiment• CFD simulations of plate surface temperature and heat flux
Example 3 – RERTR-12 fuel experiment• CFD simulations of coolant temperature and plate centerline temperature
Example 3 – RERTR-12 fuel experiment• Comparison of temperatures from CFD simulation and Petukhov correlation
130
140
150Plate 1 surface facing exterior coolant channel
130
140
150Plate 1 surface facing interior coolant channel
90
100
110
120
mpe
ratu
re (C
)
Plate - FLUENTPlate - Analytical
90
100
110
120
130
pera
ture
(C)
Plate - FLUENTPlate - Analytical
50
60
70
80Tem Coolant - FLUENT
Coolant - Analytical
50
60
70
80
90
Tem
p Plate AnalyticalCoolant - FLUENTCoolant - Analytical
500 2 4 6 8 10
Position along plate surface (cm)
500 2 4 6 8 10
Position along plate surface (cm)
Example 3 – RERTR-12 fuel experiment• Comparison of temperatures from CFD simulation and Petukhov correlation
130
140
150Plate 5 surface facing exterior coolant channel
130
140
150Plate 5 surface facing interior coolant channel
90
100
110
120
mpe
ratu
re (C
)
Plate - FLUENT
Plate - Analytical
Coolant - FLUENT 90
100
110
120
mpe
ratu
re(C
)
Plate - FLUENT
Plate - Analytical
Coolant - FLUENT
50
60
70
80
10 12 14 16 18 20
Tem
Coolant - Analytical
50
60
70
80
10 12 14 16 18 20
Tem Coolant - Analytical
10 12 14 16 18 20Position along plate surface (cm)
10 12 14 16 18 20Position along plate surface (cm)
Example 3 – RERTR-12 fuel experiment• Comparison of interior plate temperature from CFD simulation and analytical solution
160
170
180Center of Plate 1
FLUENT160
170
180Center of Plate 5
FLUENT
140
150
160
pera
ture
(C) Analytical
140
150
160
pera
ture
(C) Analytical
110
120
130
Tem
p
110
120
130
Tem
p
100-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10
Position through plate thickness (cm)
100-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10
Position through plate thickness (cm)
Summary• Thermal-fluids modeling of ATR experiments
FLUENT CFD l i– FLUENT CFD analysis– ABAQUS thermal analysis– RELAP5 hydrodynamic system analysis
• Three examples of ATR experiments– UCSB-2 lead-out capsule experiment– EPRI pressurized water loop experiment
f– RERTR-12 fuel plate experiment• Temperature control of ATR experiments