thermal imagers and detectors 2020 - yole développement
TRANSCRIPT
From Technologies to Markets
© 2020
From Technologies to Markets
© 2020
Thermal Imagers and Detectors
2020
Market and Technology
Report 2020
Sample
22
a-Si:Amorphous Silicon
ASP:Average Selling Price
ASIC:Application-Specific Integrated Circuit
BST: Barium Strontium Titanate
EBT: Elevated Body Temperature
EST: Elevated Surface Temperature
CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate
CCD: Charge-Coupled Device
CIS: CMOS Image Sensor
CMOS: Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
CMP: Chemical Mechanical Planarization
CSD: Chemical Solution Deposition
FIR: Far Infrared
HVAC: HeatVentilation Air Conditioning
IR: Infrared
LI: Light Intensifier
LED: Light-Emitting Devices
LWIR: Long-Wave Infrared
MCT: Mercury Cadmium Tellium
MCU: Micro Controller Unit
MEMS: Micro Electro Mechanical Systems
MWIR: Middle-Wave Infrared
NIR: Near Infrared
NETD: Noise-Equivalent Temperature Difference
PCB: Printed Circuit Board
PIR: Pyro Infrared
PLP: Pixel-Level Packaging
PZT: Lead Zirconate Titanate
QVGA: QuarterVGA
QW: Quantum Well
QWIP: Quantum Well Infrared Photon (imager)
RoW: Rest of the World
ROIC: Read-Out Integrated Circuit
SEM: Secondary Electron Microscopy
SOI: Silicon-On Insulator
SWaP: Size,Weight and Power
SWIR: Short-Wave Infrared
QVGA: QuarterVideo Graphics Array
TAM:Total Accessible Market
TCR:Temperature Coefficient of Resistance
TiOx :Titanium Oxide
TSV:Through-SiliconVia
UFPA: Uncooled Focal Plane Arrays
VGA:Video Graphics Array
VOx:Vanadium Oxide
VWOx :Vanadium Tungsten Oxide
WLC:Wafer-Level Camera
WLP:Wafer-Level Packaging
WLO:Wafer-Level Optics
XVGA: ExtendedVideo Graphics Array
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GLOSSARIES
33
• Glossaries 2
• Table of contents 3
• Report scope 7
• Applications covered in this report 9
• Definitions 10
• Methodology 12
• The authors 13
• List of companies 14
• What we got right/What we got wrong 16
• Disclaimer 17
• What changed between May and October 2020 18
• Yole Group related reports 19
• 3-page summary 24
• Executive summary 28
• Introduction 55• IR spectrum
• IR technologies by wavelength
• IR detection functions explanation
• IR detection principle: cooled or uncooled
• Overview of thermal detector and imagertechnologies
• Detector and imager price vs resolution
• Detector and imager technologies vs. applications
• Fever detection thermal cameras: covid-19 inducedgold rush
• FDA communication to control thermal cameramisuse
• Market forecasts 71
➢ Detectors 72• Thermal detector application definitions
• Thermal detector volume forecast by application(Munits)
• Focus on applications excluding motion detection
• Thermal detectors ASP Assumptions
• Thermal detector market forecast by application ($M)
• Thermal detector technology breakdown
• Synthesis
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➢ Imagers 82• Thermal imagers application definitions
• Thermal imager volume forecast by application(kunits)
• Focus on thermography and EBT/EST
• Comparison of current with previousYole forecasts
• Thermal imager market forecast by application ($M)
• Synthesis
• Market trends 91• The general public became aware of IR technologies
• Air passenger traffic past and future?
• Possible triage procedure for Covid-19 screening atairports
• What if businesses adopt thermal cameras?
• What if schools adopt thermal cameras?
➢ Detectors 97• Temperature measurement: the winner
• Where to measure the human body temperature
• Thermal detector market trends
• Thermopile technology entering wearables?
• Smart building/Home trend
• Smart buildings need many more functionalities
• Challenges for smart building market access
• The special smart building market: focus on HVAC
• From smart buildings to smart cities
• Conclusion
➢ Imagers 108• Thermal night vision for road safety
• Automotive trends
• Elevated Body Temperature measurement by thermalimaging
• EBT/EST use cases and associated thermal cameras
• Attack on titan?
• Two battlefronts for thermal detectors & imagers
• Thermal surveillance camera trends
• Drone industry: lucrative business lies ahead?
• Drone/UAV & Thermal: a prominent combination
• Smartphone thermal imaging and detection?
• CIS and thermal imagers comparison
• Smartphone or wearable opportunity?
• Who could lead development in high-volumesmartphone integration?
• 10 major future soldiers projects worldwide
• Military - Combination of multiple wavelengths
• Thermal Imagers, cores and cameras for soldiers
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• Thermal Weapon Sight (TWS) trends
• Portable SoldierVision Enhancement trends
• Other military applicationsTrends
• Drones are everywhere in the military ecosystem
• Conclusion
• Supply chain 133
➢ Detectors 134• Thermal detector manufacturers map
• Thermal detector geography particularities
• Top players, by detector size
• Thermal detector manufacturer market shareestimations
➢ Imagers 139• Business models and trends
• Thermal imager manufacturers map
• Thermal imager manufacturer shipment market shareestimations
• 2019 player market share estimation by application(shipments)
• Made in China 2025
• The next steps
• Thermal core manufacturers map
• Thermal imaging optics/materials manufacturers map
• Thermal camera manufacturers/ integrators map
• Focus on Chinese thermal camera manufacturers/integrators
• Thermal camera business relationships
• Supply chain has recovered
• Thermal cameras for military market and dual use
• Imagers for the military market: the US and the rest
• Technology trends 155
➢ Detectors 156• Thermal detector technology penetration
• Heimann HTPA32x32d thermopile array
• Melexis MLX90640 thermopile array
• Thermal detector technology trends
• Thermal detectors in wearables: from thermistors tothermopiles
• Digital thermal detectors are growing fast
➢ Imagers 164• Hardware
• Overview of IR technologies
• Johnson criteria
• Key technical steps in the MEMS manufacturing chain
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• Guide IR microbolometer
• IRay microbolometers
• Thermal imager technology and cost comparison
• Thermal imager resolution and pixel pitch by manufacturer
• Thermal imager parameters
• Focus on some main parameters
• CIS & thermal imager evolution?
• Thermal imaging status: from the FPA to the camera
• Technology impact on core
• At what point will the pixel pitch reduction stop?
• Automotive technology trend
• SWOT analysis of EST/EBT thermal cameras
• EST/EBT temperature accuracy and calibration
• Military thermal imaging technology trend
• Software
• Algorithms in the thermal imaging camera chain
• IRay T3S simplified image production pipeline
• IRay T3S IMAGE Processing flowchart
• Augmented intelligence for the IoT
• AI for fever detection: is it the real deal?
• Surveillance thermal Imaging AI
• Military thermal Imaging AI
• Other general thermal AI developments
• What could be the future of thermal imaging AI?
• Outlooks 193• Thermal detector application market overview
• Thermal imager/camera application market overview
• Conclusions
• How to use our data 199
• Annex 200
• Company presentation 201
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Market research scope:o This report addresses long-wave or far infrared (8 to 12µm;
LWIR, FIR) thermal detectors, imagers and cameras forcommercial and military businesses.
o Market data and forecasts address the 2018-2025 period, in shipments(units) and revenue ($M).
o This report covers the following technologies: pyroelectric detectors,thermopile detectors, and microbolometer imagers and cameras.
o This report deals with the impact of Covid-19 on the global thermaldetector and imager market.
Thermal Imagers and Detectors 2020 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
SCOPE OF THE REPORT
$1
$10
$100
$1,000
Sensor price
4x4 16x168x8 64x6432x32 80x80 160x120Sensor
resolution
Infrared
Detectors
Report
Single
pixel
VGA/XGA
Hikvision DS-2TM13/16
Pyreos ezPyro
Iraytek S0 or Tiny1
© Yole Développement, October 2020
Melexis MLX90632
Excelitas pyroelectric and
thermopile detectors
Global Sensor
Technology
GST1212M
88
• Provide market data on key thermal detectors(thermopiles, pyroelectrics) and imagers(microbolometers), including market metricsand dynamics:
o Thermal detectors and thermal imagers/camerasin units and revenue, split by market segment.
o Market shares for thermal detectors andimagers.
• Offer key technical insights into futuretechnology trends and challenges.
• Deliver an in-depth understanding of thethermal imaging value chain, infrastructure, andplayers:
o Who are the industrial thermal sensor playersand where are they positioned?
o More generally, which are the key players towatch and how will the thermaldetection/imaging market evolve?
• Present an in-depth analysis of thermaldetectors and imagers for defense andcommercial applications, including extra coloron EBT/EST screening.
Thermal Imagers and Detectors 2020 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
SCOPE OF THE REPORT
Your needs are
out of scope of
this report?
Contact us for a custom report:
TechnologyTrends
& playersForecasts
Units
$US Dollar
Thermopiles
Pyroelectrics
Microbolometers
Players
Trends
Forecasts
9
APPLICATIONS COVERED IN THE REPORT
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Commercial
Motion detection
Temperature measurement
Spectroscopy
Gas & fire detection
Smart buildings
Thermography
Surveillance
Automotive
Firefighting
Marine
Personal Vision Systems
Ruggedized smartphones
Plug-in for smartphones
Other Commercial
Military
TWS
Soldier vision
Others
Commercial
Thermal imagers
EBT/EST
hype of 2020
Thermal detectors
1010
In Yole’s previous IR reports, various names have been used: IR detectors, IR imagers, IR cameras, uncooled IR detectors/imagers, passive infrared
(PIR), far infrared (FIR), microbolometers, thermopiles, pyroelectrics, etc.
In this report we will use two main terms to avoid confusion:
• thermal detectors (arrays with less than 10k pixels) used mostly for sensing functions (sensing the passive thermal radiation)
• thermal imagers, which are used in thermal cameras. The difference between a thermal imager and a camera is that an imager unit is simply
the packaged pixel array (FPA) with its ROIC, while a camera unit includes the core, the optics, the final packaging, assembly and testing.
Thermal detector characteristics:
• Technology: bulk, thin-film or CMOS pyroelectric, or thermopile
• Pixel number: from a single pixel up to 80x80 arrays
• Spectral range: 8-14µm
• Main function: thermal radiation detection/sensing
• No external cooling
Thermal imager characteristics:• Technology: microbolometer
• Pixel number: 80x80 up to XGA and full HD resolution - 1024x768 and 1920x1080
• Spectral range: 8-14µm
• Main function: thermal radiation imaging
• No external cooling
Note that wherever we mention ‘fever detection’ in this report, we mean detection of elevated body or surface temperature (EBT or EST) which
could indicate a fever, a symptom that can be caused by infectious as well as non-infectious diseases/illnesses, among other things. We in no way
assert that thermal imagers, cameras and detectors can diagnose a specific illnesses, whether Covid-19-related or not.
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ATTENTION: CHANGE OF INFRARED NOMENCLATURE IN THIS REPORT
From Imaging to Sensing, the
principle is the same as 3D imaging.
1111
Thermal Imager, also called an Uncooled Fixed Pixel Array (UFPA): a thermal system that converts infrared (IR)radiation into a visible image.The main components of a thermal camera are:
Thermal Imagers and Detectors 2020 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
THERMAL IMAGER AND DETECTOR DEFINITIONS
Camera Camera core with electronics and
sometimes IR lenses
Imager - sensorUncooled focal plane array - UFPA
Pixel Each sensor is an array of
thousands of pixels.
Thermal Detector: a photodetector that detects thermal radiation and converts it into a signal. By usingseveral single detection elements called pixels, it forms an array. Detectors provide only a detection signal, notan image.The main parts of an IR detector system are:
System
e.g. IR motion detector Detector, packagedModule
e.g. IR motion detector
Detection chip with pixels
from 1 to 80x80 arrays.
The pixel limit for detectors and imagers is around 80x80. The reason is that above this
resolution it is possible to do some scene (face, etc) recognition.
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METHODOLOGIES AND DEFINITIONS
Market
Volume in Munits
ASP in $
Revenue in $M
Yole’s market forecast model is based on the integration of several sources:
Information
Aggregation
Preexisting
information
13
Dr. Dimitrios DAMIANOS, Analyst
Dimitrios Damianos joined Yole as a technology and market analyst, working within the Photonics, Sensing and Display division. Dimitrios collaborates daily with
his team to deliver valuable technology and market reports covering imaging, photonics, and sensors. Upon completing his research activities on theoretical and
experimental quantum optics and laser light generation, Dimitrios attended Grenoble University, France and pursued a Ph.D. in Optical and Electrical
Characterization of Dielectric Materials on silicon as well as SOI, with applications in photovoltaics, image sensors and microelectronics. Additionally, Dimitrios
holds an MSc in Photonics from the University of Patras in Greece and has authored/co-authored several scientific papers published in international peer-reviewed
journals.
Contact: [email protected]
Dr. Eric MOUNIER, Fellow Analyst
With more than 25+ years’ experience within the semiconductor industry, Eric Mounier PhD. is Director of Market Research at Yole Développement (Yole). Eric
provides daily in-depth insights into current and future semiconductor trends, markets and innovative technologies (such as Quantum computing, Si photonics, new
sensing technologies, new type of sensors ...). Based on relevant methodological expertise and a strong technological background, he works closely with all the
teams at Yole to point out disruptive technologies and analyze and present business opportunities through technology & market reports and custom consulting
projects. With numerous internal workshops on technologies, methodologies, best practices and more, Yole’s Fellow Analyst ensures the training of Yole’s
Technology & Market Analysts.
In this position, Eric Mounier has spoken in numerous international conferences, presenting his vision of the semiconductor industry and latest technical
innovations. He has also authored or co-authored more than 100 papers as well as more than 120 Yole’s technology & market reports.
Previously, Eric held R&D and Marketing positions at CEA Leti (France).
Eric Mounier has a PhD. in Semiconductor Engineering and a degree in Optoelectronics from the National Polytechnic Institute of Grenoble (France).
Contact: [email protected]
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Biographies and Contacts
1414
3M Scott, Adasky, Aeronvironment, Amphenol, Armasight, Aselsan, Athena, Avio, Avigilon, Axis Communications,
BAE, Bosch, Bullard, Caterpillar, Convergint, Cosinuss, Cypress, Dahua, Denso, Device-ALab, DeWalt, Dexter, Dias
Infrared, DJI, Dräger, Elbit Systems, Empatica, Excelitas (QiOptiq), FaceSense, Fisba, FLIR, Fluke, Flyability, Flybotix,
Foresight, Fujitsu, Global Sensor Technology (GST), GreenWaves, GuideIR, Guide Sensmart, GWIC, Hamamatsu,
Hanhwa Techwin, Heimann Sensors, Hensoldt, Hikvision, i3systems, Impossible, InfiRay, Infrared Cameras Inc,
Infratec, InVid, IR&D, iRay Technologies, Irisys, Irlynx, Jenoptik, Kodenshi, Kyocera, L3 Harris, Leica, Leonardo DRS,
LG Innotek, Lockheed Martin, Lucint, Lynred, Magnity, Melexis, Micasense, Mikrosens, Mitsubishi Electric, MKS
Ophir, Mobotix, MSA, Murata, NEC, Nextvision, Nicera, Northrop Grumman, NXP, Omron, ON Semi, Opgal,
OptoTherm, Orisystech, Parrot, Panasonic, Pyreos, Rafael ADS, Raytheon, Raytron, Safran, SATIR, SCD, Schneider
Electric, Schott, Seek Thermal, Semitec, Senba Sensing Tec, Sierra Olympic, Sunell, Sunshine Technologies, Tamron,
TE Connectivity, Teledyne Dalsa, Testo, Tetracam, Thales, Thermoteknix, TowerJazz, Umicore, Veoneer, Vital, Wahl,
Wintec, Workswell, Xperi, Zeiss, Zhejiang Dali and many more…
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COMPANIES CITED IN THIS REPORT
Non-exhaustive list
1515
Baoding Jingze Optical&electrical Technology Co. Ltd, Baoding Sanjing Electronics Material Co. Ltd., Beijing Acme
Optoelectronic Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing DongyuhongdaTechnology Co. Ltd., Beijing FJR Optoeletronic Technology
Co. Ltd., Beijing Huayuanhao Photoelectric technology Co. Ltd., Beijing Hongyuan Shengda Electro-Optic Technology Co.
Ltd., Beijing WanTengDaSiTechnology Co. Ltd., CETC Electro-Optics Technology Co. Ltd., Chengdu Huishi opto-
electronic technology Co. Ltd., China Optical Infrared Technology (Dalian) Co. Ltd., CNBM Optoelectronic Materials Co.
Ltd., Dongguan XintaiInstrument Co. Ltd., Fujian Forecam Optics Co. Ltd., Guangzhou SAT Infrared Technology Co. Ltd.,
GZLENS Optoelectronics China Co. Ltd., Hangzhou Zillion M&C Technology Co. Ltd., Hebei IRhome Photoelectric
Technology Co. Ltd., Hubei Jiuzhiang Infrared System Co. Ltd., Kunming Kaihang Optics Co. Ltd., Luoyang AVIC Optronics
Research Institute, Shenyang Sumboy Intelligent Imaging Technology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen Everbest Machinery Industry Co.
Ltd., Shenzhen Jove Communication. Co. Ltd., Shenzhen Longot Technology Development Co. Ltd., Shenzhen Tekwin
System Co. Ltd., Shenzhen Tsinghua Video Electronic Technology Co. Ltd., Tianjin Jinhang Technical Physics Research
Institute, Tianjin Zhongjing Semiconductor Materials Co. Ltd., Uni-Trend Technology (China) Co. Ltd., Vital Optics
Technology Co. Ltd., Wavelength Opto-Electronic (Nanjing) Co. Ltd., Wuhan Yoseen Infrared Co. Ltd., Wuhan Huazhong
Numerical Control Co. Ltd., Xi'an Zhongke Lead-ir Technology Co. Ltd., Zhao Sheng (Zhejiang) Technologies Inc.,
Zhejiang Heika Electric Co. Ltd., Zhejiang HongpuTechnology Co. Ltd., Zhejiang Sun Creative Technology Co. Ltd.,
Zhejiang Ulirvision Technology Co. Ltd.
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CHINESE COMPANIES MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT
Non-exhaustive list
1616
o Thermal imaging activities in China areincreasing, with ramp-up of products beingdeveloped and manufactured in-house.
o Strong domestic demand in China, even greaterthan predicted due to the demand for feverdetection components.
o The interest for thermal imaging and detectiontechnologies remains unwavering. Education ofconsumers around thermal imaging technologiesis still missing, which could allow for strongeradoption in the future.
o Smartphone use-case appeared as a niche(human temperature measurement), butwidespread adoption still remains uncertain.
o Smart building market has developed quickerthan we thought for thermal imagers and slowerfor small detectors.
o We over-estimated smart building applicationsby more than $150M in 2025 (long term). Forexample, Amazon cashierless stores rapidexpansion and need for thermal detectors arenot materializing, as we previously thought.
o Unfortunately, nobody anticipated that a worldpandemic such as Covid-19 would affect theglobal economy with all the negative andpositive (for IR market) effects.
WHAT WE GOT RIGHT, WHAT WE GOT WRONG
The Covid-19 outbreak has changed everything.
Thermal Imagers and Detectors | Preliminary Report | www.yole.fr | ©2020Thermal Imagers and Detectors 2020 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
1717
Monitoring closely the pandemic situation, Yole decided to release in May 2020 a
preliminary report on the thermal imaging/sensing industry. For this time only, it was
exceptional and ahead of the scheduled Thermal Imagers/Detectors report at the end
of the year .
In the preliminary report; we presented some roll-out scenarios of what to expect this
and the next years. We included in our forecasts the effects (positive or negative)
associated with the different end markets & applications monitored in this report, as
well as potential supply chain disruptions and logistics problems. This report combines
the best ofYole’s knowledge in the thermal imaging/sensing industry.
We have not changed the ASPs and the corresponding price erosion of various
systems. We have mainly kept the same with pre-covid levels, except if we state
otherwise in the report. The possibility of an inflation, though tangible but not certain
could maker the end-systems prices augment, raising as well the price of individual
sensors/components in them. Nevertheless, governments and central banks seem
willing to limit this inflation with the different measures under-way. But in this analysis
we have not speculated and have not accounted for that.
The data that you will find in this report is the best available data according to our
hypotheses and associated analysis. If you want to react to something or to have an
open discussion, please feel free to contact us.
Thermal Imagers and Detectors 2020 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
DISCLAIMER
1818
In the May version, we hypothesized that market demand for thermal imagers and
detectors will spike, with the Chinese manufacturers gaining a clear advantage. At that
point in time, we made 2 scenarios: an optimistic and a nominal one. Now, after
consolidation of the market numbers, we realise that we were not very far from reality:
• Thermal detectors surged as temperature guns and contactless thermometers
integrators ordered some-times hundreds of thousands or even millions of detectors.
Of course most detector manufacturers, had to increase their capacity and maximize
their production. Our view now (October 2020) is the same as in May 2020.
• Thermal imagers also surged, as thermal camera systems became indispensable for
access control or for fast fever screening in various big infrastructure (airports,
businesses, schools, stations, etc).
• What we didn’t expect however, was the decline in demand later in 2020. We thought,
that the hype will continue in 2021 and 2022, though with less units sold than this year,
but with always a large appetite for the absorption of such systems. As of Q3 2020,
demand for thermal cameras has gone back down, with only thermal detector
manufacturers still expecting continous demand up to at least mid of next year.
However, this could change if a second or subsequent waves and no vaccine spark the
interest of more end-users.Then, 2021 demand for thermal cameras could resurge.
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WHAT CHANGED BETWEEN MAY AND OCTOBER 2020?
Changes betweenYole’s preliminary report and the current version
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Imager Units*
October 2020
May 2020
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Detector Units*
May 2020 / October 2020
2019 baseline
2019
baseline
*Related to human body temperature
measurement, not all applications
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MICROBOLOMETER TECHNOLOGY AND COST COMPARISON
Package, ROIC, microbolometer die
and cost comparisons are included
20
Contact our
Sales Team
for more
information
20
Contact our
Sales Team
for more
information
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YOLE GROUP OF COMPANIES RELATED REPORTS
Piseo – Design and Characterization of Innovative Optical Systems
Construction and performance
analysis of sensors and cameras
• Imagers, modules and cameras:
- NETD
- Responsivity
- Scene dynamic
- Dead pixels
- NUC
- RFPN
- MTF
- Optical design
21
YOLE GROUP OF COMPANIES RELATED REPORTS
Piseo – Design and Characterization of Innovative Optical Systems
More thermal imagers/modules are coming
• Thanks to multiple drivers, the market of infra-red thermal imaging cameras and modules isexpanding at fast pace with a multiplication of product offers. Therefore, there is a need forusers, integrators and sensors manufacturers to be able to discriminate marketed productsbased on accurate and independent assessment of their performances and features.
• The T3S camera characterization report is the very first of a kind that will help thermalimaging cameras and modules market actors to better understand the characteristics of suchproducts, eventually to make strategic decisions.
• More reports will come soon which will allow fair product features and performancescomparisons.
• The following cameras and modules are already analyzed or planned:
o Flir Boson 640 Pro camera (USA): available in Q4 2020
o GuideVGA 12µm (China): available Q1 2021
o Seek Thermal module QVGA 12µm (USA): available Q1 2021
o Hikvision camera QQVGA 17µm (China): planned
o Teledyne Dalsa GXF (Canada): planned
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IR DETECTOR TYPES & TECHNOLOGIES BY WAVELENGTH
0.72µm 1.4µm 5.6µm 10µm 1000µm
NIR MWIR LWIR Far IR
3µm 8µm 14µm
SWIR
0.9µm
Coole
dU
nco
ole
d
NIR CMOS, CCD
QWIP InSb
MCT MCT
T2SL T2SL
Cooled: for more
sensitive applications
(photon level), active
cryo-cooling is needed
Material analysis
Thermography
Passive vision enhancement (emissive)Active Vision enhancement
(reflective)
ThermographyHigh T°C thermography
Other commercial/military applications
Tech
nolo
gy
Applic
atio
ns
Pyroelectric (PIR)
Thermopiles
Thermopiles (Semiconductor metal)
SiGe QW
Uncooled photo emission
Microbolometer (a-Si, VOx)
Pyroelectric (PIR) – LiTaO3, BST
PbSeInGaAs
2323Thermal Imagers and Detectors 2020 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
THERMAL DETECTOR AND IMAGER PRICES VS. RESOLUTION, BY APPLICATION
$1
$10
$100
$1000
Sensor price
4x4 16x168x8 64x6432x32 80x80 160x120
Sensor
resolution
Single pixel QVGA2x2
Smartphones
Motion
Detection
VGA/XGA
$2000The Covid-19 outbreak drives
increasing demand for body
temperature screening thermal
technology:
• For thermal detectors: temperature
measurement using thermopiles.
• For thermal imagers: thermography
using microbolometers
© Yole Développement, November 2020
2424Thermal Imagers and Detectors 2020 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
THERMAL DETECTOR APPLICATION MARKET OVERVIEW
2019 2020
$XM
$XM
$XM
$XM $XM
$XM
Motion detection
Low-end temperature measurement
Gas and fire detection
Smart buildings
Spectroscopy
High-end temperature measurement
Applic
atio
ns
$XM
$XM
$XM
$XM$XM
Covid-19’s effect*
$XM
$XM
+X% YoY
+X% CAGR© Yole Développement, November 2020
$XM$XM
$XM
$XM
$XM
$XM
$XM
2025Smart building effect?
$XM
2525Thermal Imagers and Detectors 2020 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
THERMAL CAMERA APPLICATION MARKET OVERVIEW
2019 2020 2025
$XM$XM
$XM
$XM
$XM
$XM
$XM
$XB
$XB
Military
Thermography
Surveillance
PVS
Firefighting
Ruggedized smartphones
Maritime
Automotive
Other commercial
Applic
atio
ns*
$XM
$XM
$XM
$XM
$XM
$XB
$XB
$XM
Covid-19’s effect* Growth continues at
precovid levels
$XB
$XB
+X% YoY
+X% CAGR
*Smart buildings and Plug-in
for smartphones not shown
(small $ value)
$XM
$XM
$XM
$XM
$XM
$XB$XB$XM
$XB
$303M$XB
© Yole Développement, November 2020
2626
MEMS foundries that manufacture thermopiles has seen anexplosing demand, which has been drastically increasing sinceFebruary due to covid-19. Particularly for single, dual, quad pixelsused in handheld thermometers/temperature guns. EU/Taiwanthermopile MEMS foundries have customers particularly in Chinawho have products that are price sensitive.
• In the short term, there was a surge in demand for thermopile-based thermometers and temperature guns due to covid-19.
• At the low-end, there is high demand for personal ear/foreheadthermometers from people who want to monitor their temperature and check for fever at home.
• At the high-end, medical grade thermometers will boom in 2020 due to the huge need in hospitals, workplaces and other infrastructure for temperature monitoring of patients or to provide an extra check for triage after an initial screening via a thermal camera.
• In the long-term, smart buildings will drive the revenues for thermopiles
The current situation could lead to consumerization of thermalimaging/sensing (integration in smartphones). Huawei is releasing asmartphone (Honor 4 Pro) which integrates a thermal detector fortemperature measurement. We think it’s the newest MelexisMLX90632 thermopile with medical grade specifications. However, willthis smartphone be a success?
THERMAL DETECTION MARKET TRENDS
Melexis MLX90632
Thermal Imagers and Detectors 2020 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
2727
Examples of potential products
ImagerDetector
Thermal Imagers and Detectors 2020 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
SMARTPHONE THERMAL IMAGING & DETECTION?
Excelitas TPiD
1S (SMD)
TI TMP006
(WLCSP)
Melexis
MLX90632 FLIR Lepton Iraytek S0 or Tiny1
Accuracy
better than
0.5°C?
Small form
factor?
8’’/12’’ CMOS
compatible for
mass
production?
Rapid
characterization
and test?
Technology?
Thermopile,
microbolometer,
other?
ASIC, chip etc
for reducing
false negative
readings?
Development choices for mass production and
smartphone integration (10Mu order of magnitude)
Low cost,
around a few $?
Technology Product
2828Thermal Imagers and Detectors 2020 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
DRONE/UAV & THERMAL: A PROMINENT COMBINATION
Includes a FLIR thermal camera
2020: Flybotix Raises CHF 1.5 Million to
Bring its Inspection Drones to MarketIncludes a thermal camera
FLIR has won an additional $20.6million
contract from the U.S. Army to deliver its
FLIR Black Hornet®3 Personal
Reconnaissance Systems (PRS). The advanced
nano-unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
Zenmuse H20T (with FLIR VGA thermal
radiometric camera – Boson?)Impossible US-1 drone for first responders
using FLIR DUO PRO R (thermal VGA, 25° FoV)
Parrot Anafi Thermal
(FLIR 160x120, 57°HFoV)
2929Thermal Imagers and Detectors 2020 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
EBT/EST USE CASES AND ASSOCIATED THERMAL CAMERAS
Short-term ‘flexible’
Anywhere, anytime
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, nec an dictas
equidem appellantur, ut has commune
accommodare. Mea illum, ludus solet idpro.
Short-term ‘fixed’
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, nec an dictas
equidem appellantur, ut has commune
accommodare. Mea illum, ludus solet idpro.
Long term, big areasCentralized access control in big spaces
with temperature registration.
temperatures
Use casesWhere could thermal cameras be
used?
For use at building entrances, elevators,
airport security check, etc. Pick and place.
For quick and easy deployment anywhere.
For use at building entrances, elevators,
airport security check, etc.
• Number of people: 30-50
• Resolution: QVGA, VGA, 10-15mm lens
• Accuracy: ±0.5°C, ±0.3°C with optional
blackbody
• Software: yes, for reduction of false
detection
• Measurement guidelines: no
• Waiting time: none
• Wireless: yes - no operator
*Thermal camera images are courtesy of Hikvision and are for indicative purposes only
• Number of people: up to ten
• Resolution: QQVGA, QVGA, 3-6mm lens
• Accuracy: ±0.5°C, ±0.3°C with optional
blackbody
• Software: yes, for reduction of false
detection
• Measurement guidelines: yes
• Waiting time: few seconds
• Wireless: yes - no operator
• Number of people: 1
• Resolution: QQVGA
• Accuracy: ±0.5°C
• Software: no
• Measurement guidelines: yes
• Waiting time: few seconds
• Wireless: yes - no operator
• Number of people: 1
• Resolution: QQVGA
• Accuracy: ±0.5°C
• Software: no
• Measurement guidelines: yes
• Waiting time: few seconds
• Wireless: no - operator needed
Specifications of
each use case
3030Thermal Imagers and Detectors 2020 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
THERMAL DETECTOR MANUFACTURERS MAP
Thermal detector technologies:
pyroelectrics, thermopile, both technologies
Thin-film
Thermal detector players are mostly vertically integrated, internally producing the pixel, optics
and packaging.
Front-End manufacturing is located in Europe, USA ,and Japan. More than 90% of the IR
detector back-end production is located in Asia (Philippines, China, Indonesia, Malaysia). This is
mainly due to low cost requirements for motion detection. Also, IR integrating systems are
generally manufactured in Asia (motion detectors, thermometers, fire detector…).
3131Thermal Imagers and Detectors 2020 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
THERMAL IMAGER MANUFACTURERS MAP
Microbolometer technologies:
a-Si, VOx, Other technologies
The thermal camera supply chain is more complicated and is
scattered worldwide: imagers (FPA/ROIC), retinae, lenses, packaging,
system assembly may all be produced in different locations.
Here only imager manufacturers are shown, some of which might be
more vertically integrated (FLIR, Seek, Hikvision, GuideIR)
32
THERMAL DETECTOR TECHNOLOGY TRENDS
A new miniature SMD thermopile-based thermometer from Melexis
Thin membrane heats up through incoming infrared radiation (FIR). A thermocouple is measuring ∆T between the membrane and the chip.
• New Melexis thermopiles MLX90632 in QFN package of3x3x1mm3
• Compatible with medical grade applications of ±0,2°C
• Eliminating the non-isothermal impact of the bulky TO-canpackage
• The MEMS part of the thermopile is manufactured at X-Fabmixed signal foundry in Germany
→ Could it open the way to smartphone-based consumer bodytemperature monitoring in the (after-)covid-19 era? Seems a likelycandidate.
Thermal Imagers and Detectors 2020 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
MLX90632 thermopile (SMD)
Courtesy of Melexis
3333Thermal Imagers and Detectors 2020 | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
GUIDE IR MICROBOLOMETER
GST117W 17µm Microbolometer Module
SEM view - pixel Cross-section
The microbolometer uses VOx
technology and a 17µm pixel pitch. The
integration in 680mm3 is allowed by the
WLP technology developed by
GST/GuideIR. With a definition of 120x90
pixels, the microbolometer is designed
for consumer markets, including
smartphone, pocket thermal imager,
intelligent building, etc.
XX$
Component
price is in the
range of
XX$
3434
Now Future
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WHAT COULD BE THE FUTURE OF THERMAL IMAGING AI?
AI
Good thermal camera*
Powerfulprocessing
chip
Optimizedsoftware
Military
Surveillance
Transport?
Domains that have what is needed
for thermal AI developmentFuture uses?
Specially adapted NN
for thermal cameras
High resolution e.g. VGA,
XGA and a huge dataset
• Deep neural networks (DNNs) for visible light images
may be applicable to other image types, such as
thermal images.
• Resolution degradation of thermal images reduces
their classification accuracy when using a DNN
trained for visible light images.
• Classification accuracy can in some cases be improved
via the use of a super-resolution (SR) model.
Source: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/artificial-
intelligence/posts/exploring-deep-learning-face-recognition-
with-thermal-images.html
Intel has published a study
examining whether AI can
recognise people’s faces using
thermal imaging (Jan 2020)
Technical limitations:
• Low-resolution
images
• Small databases
Medical diagnosis
Other applications?
35
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CMOS Camera Module Industry for Consumer & Automotive 2020
Status of the MEMS Industry 2020
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Yole Développement
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IRay Technology 12µm and 17µm Thermal Sensors
Guide Infrared’s 17µm Microbolometer Module
Heimann Sensor 32 x 32-array thermopile LWIR image sensor
with silicon lens
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YOLE GROUP OF COMPANIES RELATED REPORTS
System Plus Consulting
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information
FLIR Boson – a small, innovative, low power, smart thermal camera
core
Melexis Far Infrared Thermal Sensor MLX90640
FLIR One 2nd Generation & FLIR LEPTON 3 LWIR Core
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YOLE GROUP OF COMPANIES RELATED REPORTS
System Plus Consulting
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iRAY T3S Thermal Camera Performance Analysis
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Piséo
3939
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