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Research Paper

International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research ISSN (Online): 2347-1697

Volume 2 Issue 7 March 2015

Abstract This paper proposes the low power consumption of energy by automatic detection of human body and thus saving the energy by using Thermal Sensor. By using Thermal Sensor we can automatically detect the human body and thus we can control our appliances .In today real world we use the technology like ON/OFF of electrical appliances with the help of manually. By operating manually we can sometimes there is a chances of failure to turn off the electrical appliances thus it consumes the power without any need which causes the wastage of electricity as well as money. Thus the proposed system auto detects the human presences in a particular room by using thermal sensor. The microcontroller thus keeps continuous watch on infrared receiver. When object passes through receiver then the receivers get obstructed, this obstruction to the receivers is thus detected by the microcontroller (ATmega8-AVR family) thus the sensor detect the human being emission of rays and inform to the micro-controller about the presences of human body. Then the micro-controller check the input coming from the sensors and thus switches ON the electrical appliances and if nobody is present then it will switch off automatically.

Thermal Sensor Base Classroom

Electricity Saving System Paper ID IJIFR/ V2/ E7/ 062 Page No. 2273-2278 Research Area

Information

Technology

Key Words ATmega8-AVR family, Thermal Sensor, Micro-controller, Infrared Receiver

Shambhu Kumar Singh 1 Assistant Professor Department Of Information Technology SSBT COET Bambhori, Jalgaon-Maharashtra

Vishwesh S. Joshi 2 B.E. StudentDepartment Of Information Technology SSBT COET Bambhori, Jalgaon-Maharashtra

Ketan A. Chaudhari 3 B.E. Student Department Of Information Technology SSBT COET Bambhori, Jalgaon-Maharashtra

Yogesh S. Patil 4 B.E. Student Department Of Information Technology SSBT COET Bambhori, Jalgaon-Maharashtra

Atul A. Mahajan B.E. Student Department Of Information Technology SSBT COET Bambhori, Jalgaon-Maharashtra

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ISSN (Online): 2347-1697 International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)

Volume - 2, Issue - 7, March 2015 19th Edition, Page No: 2273-2278

Shambhu Kumar Singh, Vishwesh S. Joshi, Ketan A. Chaudhari, Yogesh S. Patil and Atul A. Mahajan:: Thermal Sensor Base Classroom Electricity Saving System

1. Introduction

According to survey in India, the energy consumptions in India are growing tremendously in recent

few years, so it is necessary to adopt the energy saving policy in the country. It is assumed that in

2030 the energy requirement will get double [1]. In residential sector the energy requirement is

growing extremely fast due to the large scale of production of home appliances. Due to increase in

size of the appliances it requires more energy to operate that result in more power consumption.

Generally in public or private offices, people usually are not interested or fail in putting OFF the

light, fan and other electrical appliances which cause the wastage of electricity and it does not

perform the basic operation it required to be done [4].

In recent year the industry are focusing on lower power consumption devices. Many industries are

using their R&D to develop such devices that control the device power consumption automatically.

As many system have been develop to help us to reduce power consumption by putting the device

to standby mode automatically. In this paper, we are going to present the system which will control

the electrical appliances such as light, fan with the help of thermal sensors [3]. In thermal sensor

based electricity saving system we are trying to develop the system which will control the electrical

appliances by automatic detection of human being in the premises of the sensor.

2. System Structures

The Thermal Sensor Base Classroom Electricity Saving System consists of processor, thermal

sensors, LCD display, power supply and electrical appliances [5].

Figure 2.1: - Block Diagram of Thermal Sensor Base Classroom Electricity Saving System

If a person entering to the monitored area, the PIR (thermal sensors) activates and identify the

person, gives the signal to micro-controller. The Infrared energy emitted from the human being

body is focused by a Fresnel lens segment. Then only the PIR (thermal sensor) activates. After

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sensing the PIR sensor no of person count and turn on devices such as tube, fan, notice board in

class room, And when student goes he automatically shut down all appliances [7]. By using this

system we can control electrical appliances according to the room no of PIR sensor, which is

connected to the micro controller. To display the no of student in classroom and statues of

thermal PIR sensor mode operation we are using the LCD display. When PIR detect is correct then

16x2 LCD shows message on it if your card is correct you must enter in classroom. In this project

we use 16X2 character LCD display on which we can write up 32-character message [2]. This

display has 8 data line D0 to D7 three control line R/W, EN, RS and two supply line VCC And

ground 1 contrast control line and two line for backlight supply Interfacing of display is give in

detail of 8051 micro controller book (Ayala)[3]. If student enter in class then PIR sensor detect

where he is setting that person area fan/tube is on automatically.

Figure 2.2: - Circuit Diagram of Thermal Sensor Base Classroom Electricity Saving System

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Compact and complete, easy to use Pyroelectric Infrared (PIR) Sensor Module for human body [6]

detection. In corpora ting a Fresnel lens and motion detection circuit High sensitivity and low

sound the output is a standard 5V active low output signal.

Module provides an optimized circuit that will detect motion up to meters away and can be used in

burglar alarms and access control systems. Cheap and easy to use, it's perfect for alarm systems,

motion-activated lighting and robotics applications The Output can be connected to

microcontroller pin directly to monitor signal or a connected to transistor to drive DC loads like a

bell [1], buzzer, siren, relay, opto-coupler (e.g. PC817, MOC3021),etc. The PIR sensor and Fresnel

lens are fitted onto the PCB. This permits the board to be fixed inside a case with the detecting lens

protruding outwards.

Pyroelectric devices, such as the PIR sensor, have elements made of a crystalline substance that

generates an electric charge when exposed to infrared emission. The variations in the quantity of

infrared striking the element change the voltages produced, which are calculated by an on-board

amplifier. The device encloses a special filter called a Fresnel lens, which focuses the infrared

indications onto the component [2]. As the ambient infrared signals change quickly, the on-board

amplifier trips the output to indicate signal. The PIR (Passive Infra-Red) Sensor is a Pyroelectric

device that detects motion by measuring changes in the infrared (heat) levels emitted by nearby

matters. This motion can be noticed by examining for a sudden change in the nearby IR patterns.

When motion is sensed the PIR sensor outputs a high signal on its output pin. This logic signal can

be identified by a microcontroller or used to drive a transistor to switch a higher current load status

of sensor monitor on display.

For automation purpose embedded controller (ATmega8) can continuously scan it can ON or OFF

the corresponding relay. There are two relay is used in our project. The function of this relay is to

turn on and off the electrical appliances. When we are use 12volt DC operated relay that purpose

we are use switching transistor is use because embedded controller output is zero or one(5v),we

cannot drive 12volt relay for that purpose we use driving transistor as shone in figure [6]. Which h

is connected to pin PD2 and PD3 of embedded controller can switch ON that driving circuit and

relay.PIR Sensor: - The PIR Sensor Switch can detect the Infrared Rays released by human being.

The light or any supplementary electrical application can be activated automatically by the active

presence of a human body within the detection range / coverage area & when there is no presence

the light will be deactivated automatically [2].

3. Working Principle

The PIR Sensor senses the motion of a human being by the change in surrounding ambient

temperature when a human body passes across.

Then it switches on the lights to which it is connected.

The lights will remain ON until it detects the motion.

As sensor unable to detect the motion it will switches OFF the lights.

During the darkness, the LUX modification knob allows you to adjust the luminosity based on

which the lighting load will either switch on / off automatically.

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4. Result

5. Conclusion

We have developed Thermal Sensor Base Classroom Electricity Saving System. With the help of

this system, we can control the flow of power in the classroom. When the persons enter in the

room the electrical appliances are activated automatically and after exit it is switch off

automatically. This model reduces human efforts. Use of this kind of technique will help us to save

the energy as well as it save our money.

References

[1] Bo-Teng Huang, Ko-Yen Lee and Yen-Shin Lai, “Design of a Two-Stage AC/DC Converter with

Standby Power Losses Less Than 1 W,”Proceedings of Power Conversion Conference 2007,

pp.1630-1635, Apr 2007.

[2] Calboun B.H., Chandrakasan A.P., “Standby Power Reduction Using Scaling and Carry Flip-Flop

Structures,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol.39, no.9, pp.1504-1511, Sep. 2004.

[3] Chi-Hung, Chi-Hsiung Lin, Ying-Wen Bai, Ming-Fong Liu and Ming- Bo Lin, “Remotely

Controllable Outlet System for Home Power Management,” Proceedings of the 2008 International

Symposium on Consumer Electronics, Algarve, Portugal, 14-16 Apr. 2008.

[4] IEA, “Fact Sheet: Standby Power Use and the IEA “1 Watt Plan”,”

Apr.2007.http://www.iea.org/textbase/papers/2007/standby_fact.pdf.

[5] H. Hrasnica, S. Tombros, A. Capone, M. Barros. A New Architecture for Reduction of Energy

Consumption of Home Appliances. In eENVI 2009, Prague, March 25-27, 2009.

[6] K. Henricksen and R. Robinson. A survey of middleware for sensor networks: state-of-the-art and

future directions. In Int. Workshop on Middleware for Sensor Networks, 2006.

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Biographies

Mr. Shambhu Kumar Singh is an Asst. Professor at SSBT’s COET

Bambhori, Jalgaon. He has 2.4 years’ experience. His Birth Date is 14th

Sept.

1990. He is currently perusing PG degree from GHRIEM, Jalgaon

Mr. Vishwesh S. Joshi, UG student, Department of Information Technology,

SSBT’s COET Bambhori Jalgaon. He is currently pursuing his engineering

degree from SSBT’s COET Bambhori, Jalgaon. His Birth Date is 9th

July

1991.

Mr. Ketan A. Chaudhari, UG student, Department of Information Technology,


degree from SSBT’s COET Bambhori, Jalgaon. His Birth Date is 16th

June

1989.

Mr. Yogesh S. Patil, UG student, Department of Information Technology,


degree from SSBT’s COET Bambhori, Jalgaon. His Birth Date is 24th July

1988.

Mr. Atul A. Mahajan, UG student, Department of Information

Technology, SSBT’s COET Bambhori Jalgaon. He is currently

pursuing his engineering degree from SSBT’s COET Bambhori,

Jalgaon. His Birth Date is 30th

Dec 1990

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