thermoplastic binder powders for improved epoxy composites
TRANSCRIPT
Griltex CE / CT for Composite Applications
Introduction / Griltex CE for Epoxy-Based Composites
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Introduction
High performance Copolyamides and Copolyesters are the speciality of EMS-GRILTECH. These thermoplastic materials are especially designed to meet the requirements of our customers. For fiber-based composites made of glass-, basalt-, carbon- and polymer-fibers we produce tailor-made materials. These are established under the trade names Griltex® CE and Griltex® CT.
Griltex CE for Epoxy-Based Composites
Griltex CE is a group of high performance Copolyesters for the use in epoxy-based composites. These Copolyesters are used as binder materials for the stabilization of
UD filaments
Multi-ply, woven & knitted fabrics
Nonwovens
Resin Transfer Molding (RTM)
Griltex CE is especially used for the manufacturing of multi-ply preforms as well as for the stabilization of fabrics in the RTM process (Fig. 1). In this process, the binder material is applied on the fabric by different application techniques (page 3). Subsequent consolidation of the fabric is achieved via heating above the melting point of the thermoplastic material. The stabilized fabric is subsequently subjected to the RTM process. Due to Griltex CE, the consolidated fabric fibers remain fixed in the ideal position when the incoming resin is infused with normal or high pressure. This is not the case when no Griltex CE is used. The procedure including Griltex CE ensures optimal mechanical properties of the semi-finished part.
Woven Fabric
Resin Transfer
Step 1: Application of Griltex CE
Step 2: Consolidation
Step 3: RTM
IR Heater / Oven
Fig.1 Optimized RTM process using Griltex CE
Preforming
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Griltex CE – Added Value 3
Advantages
Stabilized fabric fibers are not deflected from the ideal position due to Griltex CE (RTM process)
Improvement of mechanical values of composites
Glueing of multiple layers to one component
Production of preforms without additional auxiliaries
Better and easier handling
No curing time of Griltex CE
Antifray
Added Value
Binders as well as tougheners are well known in the market. We offer both characteristics in one product. In addition to the stabilization ability of Griltex CE, the mechanical properties of the finished composites are drastically enhanced.
In contrast to other binder materials available in the market, Griltex CE acts as bonding agent between fiber and epoxy matrix. Thus, no defects are generated.
Application Techniques
Hotmelt lamination
Powder scattering
Meltblown
Webs / Films / Nets
Applications
Transportation
Sports equipment
Building and construction
Wind energy
Technical equipment and plant engineering
Medical equipment
Griltex CE
CE 20 CE 21 CE 22
Melting range1 °C 98-107 95-103 130-140
Glass transition temperature1
°C 18 18 17
Melt viscosity (160 °C/2.16 Kg)2
Pa*s 450 230 300
Melt volume rate (160 °C/2.16 Kg)2
cm3/ 10'
23 46 35
Density3 g/cm3 1.31 1.31 1.31
Product Forms Granules Powder
Granules Suspension
GranulesPowder
Technical Data of Griltex CE
1 ISO 11357 2 ISO 1133 3 ISO 1183
Griltex CE – Compression after Impact
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Mechanical Properties
Mechanical properties and thus performance of composite parts are usually determined by standard test methods such as the Compression after Impact (CAI) or the Interlaminar Shear Strength Test (ILSS).
Compression after Impact
The CAI test is used to assess the residual strength of a pre-damaged composite laminate. This value is a measure for the impact resistance of fiber-reinforced polymers. Pre-damaging of the composite laminate is accomplished by a specified energy in a drop impact tester equipped with a casing head. Tested composite laminates with Griltex CE (Fig. 3) have shown a radical decrease of the delamination area up to 85% in comparison to laminates without Griltex CE (Fig. 2).
Ultrasound images of Composite laminates:
After pre-damaging, the residual strength of the composite laminate is determined by a special pressure device according to the standard test method of the Airbus Industry (AITM 1.0010). Composite laminates with Griltex CE binder material show drastically increased residual strengths up to 65%.
Fig. 2) Reference without Griltex CE: large delamination area
Fig. 3) with Griltex CE: delamination area significantly reduced
[mm
2]
*
0
2500
5000
7500
No Griltex CE 20 CE 21 CE 22
Delamination Area
0
100
200
300
No Griltex CE 20 CE 21 CE 22
[MPa
] *
Residual Strength after Impact
* Laminate Composition: 16 layers (90°, 0°, +45°, -45°) quasi isotropic, UD – Carbon fiber (298 g/m2), Fiber volume content 65-70%, RTM 6 resin, 18 g/m2 Griltex CE between each layer
Griltex CE – Interlaminar Shear Strength
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Interlaminar Shear Strength
Interlaminar shear strength measures the bonding strength between single layers. ILSS values are determined by a three point bending test (Fig. 4) according to the standard test method ASTM D 2344M. ILSS values of composite laminates with Griltex CE binder material are increased up to 36%.
Testing at higher temperatures and after conditioning in water also shows increased ILSS values using Griltex CE.
* Laminate Composition:
16 layers (90°, 0°, +45°, -45°) quasi isotropic UD – Carbon fiber (298 g/m2) Fiber volume content 65-70% RTM 6 resin 18 g/m2 Griltex CE between each layer
** Conditioning at 70 °C in water until saturation
(ILSS test performed at room temperature)
0
20
40
60
80
No Griltex CE 20 CE 21
[MPa
] *
ww ww ww
Interlaminar Shear Strength (Special Conditions)
Fig. 4 Three point bending test 23 °C 80 °C Hot/Wet Test**
0
20
40
60
80
No Griltex CE 20 CE 21 CE 22
[MPa
] *
Interlaminar Shear Strength (Standard Conditions)
Griltex CE – Peel Strength
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Peel Strength
The adhesion and thus the compatibility of materials can be determined by a peel strength test. This test method measures the forces when two bonded materials are pulled apart until failure (Fig. 6 and 7). The required force is measured in Newton/5 cm (DIN 54310).
Test Set-Up
The high peeling forces measured between Griltex CE polymers and the epoxy resin show a high adhesion from the epoxy matrix to Griltex CE (Fig. 7). Compared to a standard copolyester the peeling force is increased up to 90%.
Epoxy System: Bisphenol-A and amine hardener cured at RT for 16h.
Griltex CE film or standard bonding material
Epoxy-ResinCarrier
Fig. 5 Test Set-up for Peel Strength
Fig. 6 Peel Strength Test of Standard bonding material
Carrier
Epoxy Resin
Standard Bonding Material Peeling Force
Fig. 7 Peel Strength Test of Griltex CE
Carrier
Epoxy Resin
Griltex CEPeeling Force
0
100
200
CE 20 CE 21 CE 22 Stand.CoPES
Flex.CoPES
Stand.CoPA
PA12 EVA PE
[N/5
cm]
Peel Strength
Griltex CT for Thermoplastic Composites
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Griltex CT for Thermoplastic Composites
Griltex CT comprises high performance Co-polyamides designated for thermoplastic composite applications.
Advantages
Easy to handle due to single component
No curing time shortens process by one production step
Short cycle times reduce production costs
Reformable by temperature
Health- and environment-friendly material
Added Value
Our Griltex CT range offers additional product-specific benefits to meet our customers' needs and special requirements.
Griltex CT 100 is easy to handle in the application and can be supplied in different product forms as granules, powder and suspension. The Griltex CT 100 suspension affects the interface between the carbon fiber and the polyamide matrix resulting in an improved bonding strength.
Griltex CT 101 shows improved heat stability as well as a very low water absorption.
Griltex CT 102 is a thermoplastic material with a temperature stability of 300 °C and a substantial price advantage compared to other high performance polymers such as PEEK. Standard polyamides like PA 66 have a temperature stability up to 230 °C only.
High performance composite applications require higher temperature resistance combined with enhanced mechanical properties.
Application Techniques
Film
Powder scattering
Suspension (Foulard Process)
Dipping
Applications
Transportation
Sports equipment
Technical equipment
Medical equipment
Organosheets
Griltex CT
CT 100 CT 101 CT 102
Melting range1 °C 120-130 175-180 325-335Glass transition temperature1
°C 15 45 130
Heat stability °C 90 150 300
Melt viscosity2
(2.16 Kg; **21.6 Kg)Pa*s
560 180 720** @160 °C @230 °C @340 °C
Density3 g/cm3 1.02 1.01 1.21
E-Modulus4 MPa 430 1’500 4’400
Elongation at break4 % 450 275 3
Elongation at yield4 % 11 5 *
Water absorption5 % 2.7 1.5 5.2
Product Forms
Granules Powder Powder Powder
Suspension
Technical Data of Griltex CT
1 ISO 11357 2 ISO 1133 3 ISO 1183 4 ISO 527 5 ISO 62
* No yield point observed
All rights reserved, Copyright EMS-CHEMIE AG
Issued: October 2013
EMS-GRILTECH worldwide
www.emsgriltech.com
EMS-GRILTECH is a Business Unit of EMS-CHEMIE AG, which belongs to the EMS-CHEMIE HOLDING AG (www.ems-group.com).
We manufacture and sell Grilon, Nexylon and Nexylene fibers, Griltex hotmelt adhesives, Grilbond bonding agents, Primid cross linkers for powder coatings and Grilonit reactive diluents. We have developed these materials and additives into outstanding speciality products for technically demanding applications. In this way, we create added value for our customers as they can also enjoy success in their own markets only through continuous improvement.
Europe EMS-CHEMIE AG Business Unit EMS-GRILTECH Via Innovativa 1 7013 Domat/Ems Switzerland Phone: +41 81 632 72 02 Fax: +41 81 632 74 02 E-Mail: [email protected] Asia EMS-CHEMIE (Taiwan) Ltd. Business Unit EMS-GRILTECH 36, Kwang Fu South Road Hsin Chu Industrial Park Fu Kou Hsiang Hsin Chu Hsien 30351 Taiwan, R.O.C. Phone: +886 35 985 335 Fax: +886 35 985 731 E-Mail: [email protected]
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