thesis edited f

CAR PARKING ALLOCATION SYSTEM

Supervised by

Dr. Sajjad Ahmad Madani

Developed by

Majid Mehmood (SP08-BTN-038)

Zeeshan Khalid (SP08-BTN-059)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

COMSATS INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

ABBOTTABAD

“IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE MOST

GRACIOUS,

THE MOST MERCIFUL”

A report submitted to

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad.

As a partial fulfillment of requirements

For the award of the degree of

Bachelors in Telecommunication and Networking

Final Approval

This is to certify that we have read the thesis submitted by _____________________. It is our

judgment that this thesis is of sufficient standard to warrant it acceptances by the COMSATS

Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad for the ________

1. External Examiner __________________________________

Mr.

2. Internal Examiner ___________________________________

Dr. Sajjad A. Madani

Department of Computer Science,

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Abbottabad

3. Supervisor ___________________________________


Lecturer,



Abbottabad.

4. Head of Department


Associate Professor,



Abbottabad.

Dedication

I dedicated this degree to my dearest Parents, My Family, and Friends respected Teachers who

motivate, support and encourage me in every aspect of my life.

Zeeshan Khalid

This thesis is dedicated to our Parents who have never failed to give us financial and moral

support, for giving all our needs during the time we developed our system.

Also this thesis is dedicated to my respected teachers who supported me all the way. Finally, this

thesis is dedicated to my juniors and all those who believe in the richness of learning.

Majid Mehmood

Declaration

We hereby declare that this project neither as whole nor as a part has been copied out from any

source. It is further declared that we have developed this hardware and accompanied report

entirely on the basis of our personal effort, under the sincere guidance of our teachers and

seniors. If any part of this system is proved to be copied out from any source or found to be

reproduction of someone else, We shall stand by the consequences.

Majid Mehmood

Zeeshan Khalid

Signature:-

Date:-

Acknowledgement

It would be my pleasure and I am feeling ecstatically rapturous to pay heartiest thanks.

first of all, almighty ALLAH that he enabled and blessed me to take the leaf out of his multitude

bounties.

To our Dear parents, Their prayers became the stepping-stones towards the completion

of our project.

We are greatly beholden to our esteemed honorable and kind-hearted HOD cum

supervisor DR: SAJJAD AHMED MADANI that he supervised and cooperated our project

whole heartedly.

Our cordial thanks to Mr. NAVEED K.K who proposed us a very awesome and fruitful

idea. Now following are some prominent persons who also contributed to our project.

Mr. Arif khan(EE department)

Mr. Waseem(Lab engineer)

Mr.Khurram(Lab engineer)

Mr. Umair ishaq(BCE department)

Ms. Mehreen batool

Thanks from the core of my heart to all the above-mentioned persons My deep gratitude

is to Ms Mehreen Batool for their profound interest in my work.

Last but not the least, I would love to put forth the bouquet of reverence and thanks to

Maj General Raza Muhammad(DG.B ISI) for moral support and sincere wishes for the

completion of my work.

Project in brief

Project Title: CAR PARKING ALLOCATION SYSTEM

Undertaken By: Majid Mehmood and Zeeshan khalid

Supervised By: Dr. Sajjad Ahmed Madani

Starting Month: Mar 2011

Ending Month: Jan 2012

Hardware Used: MC(AT89C52), GSM(SIM 900D),L.D.Rs, Lasers.

Environment Used: Windows XP

Systems Used: Pentium IV Intel Compatible

PREFACE

The report presents the detailed study, design and implementation phase of the project

Car Parking Allocation System, which is explained by the chapters included in this report.

Chapter One Provides an introduction to the organization and specify

the scope and Objective of the project.

Chapter Two presents the detail study of the working of the hardware

components

Chapter Three Is about the design of the system it include Logical Design and

Physical Design proposed system. It also contain the details of

design like input, output along with their working.

Chapter Four Describe the working of system in detail

Chapter Five Conclusion

References Includes the list of books and manuals and other material referenced

during the project.

ABSTRACT

A problem faced in major metropolitan areas, is the search for parking space. In this

project, we introduced way for automatic parking lot’s detection. The crux of our project is that

when a car enters a parking lot then it cuts the laser beam fixed in each parking lot. After that the

data after getting processed in micro controller and generate a sms through gsm module from

sender side to the receiver. Receiver side after receiving the sms and check it according to the

instructions in the micro controller and at last an LED will display the result against that slot at

the entrance of parking for the driver’s information about parking slot, either they empty or full.

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................................14

1.1. OBJECTIVE ...............................................................................................................................................14

1.2. SCOPE......................................................................................................................................................14

1.3. BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT.......................................................................................................................14

1.3.1. BENEFITS TO THE CAR OWNER(S) ........................................................................................................15

1.3.2. BENEFITS TO ORGANIZATION(S) ..........................................................................................................15

1.4. OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH.........................................................................................................................15

1.5. UNIQUENESS IN THE PROJECT .................................................................................................................15

1.6. EXISTING SYSTEMS.. ................................................................................................................................16

2.1. HARDWARE COMPONENTS .....................................................................................................................18

2.2. MICROCONTROLLER AT89C52..................................................................................................................18

2.3. FEATURES ................................................................................................................................................18

2.4. DESCRIPTION ...........................................................................................................................................19

2.4.1. VCC......................................................................................................................................................21

2.4.2. GND.....................................................................................................................................................21

2.4.3. PORT 1.................................................................................................................................................21

2.4.4. PORT 3.................................................................................................................................................22

2.4.5. RST ......................................................................................................................................................22

2.4.6. XTAL1 ..................................................................................................................................................23

2.5. GSM MODULE:.........................................................................................................................................23

2.5.1. PRODUCT FUNCTIONS .........................................................................................................................23

2.5.2. BLOCK DIAGRAM.................................................................................................................................24

2.5.3. DESCRIPTION.......................................................................................................................................24

2.6. MULTICOLOR LEDS ..................................................................................................................................25

2.7. L.D.R. (LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR) ......................................................................................................25

2.7.1. IDENTIFICATION ..................................................................................................................................26

2.7.2. FUNCTION ...........................................................................................................................................26

2.7.3. BENEFITS .............................................................................................................................................26

2.8. LASER BEAM ............................................................................................................................................27

2.8.1. LASER BEAM TYPES .............................................................................................................................27

2.8.2. LASER BEAM FUNCTIONS.....................................................................................................................27

2.9. HEAT SINKER............................................................................................................................................28

2.10. OSCILLATOR.............................................................................................................................................29

3.1. TRANSMITTER UNIT.................................................................................................................................31

3.2. RECEIVER UNIT ........................................................................................................................................33

3.3. SYSTEMATIC DIAGRAM OF PROJECT ........................................................................................................35

4.1. TESTS: ......................................................................................................................................................37

4.1.1. TEST SCENARIO 1:................................................................................................................................37

4.1.2. TEST SCENARIO 2:................................................................................................................................37

4.1.3. TEST SCENARIO 3:................................................................................................................................38

4.2. DISCUSSION ON RESULTS: .......................................................................................................................38

4.2.1. AT SENDING SIDE:................................................................................................................................38

4.2.2. AT RECEIVING SIDE: .............................................................................................................................39

5.1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................41

5.2. CHARACTERISTIC OF HARDWARE.............................................................................................................41

5.3. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................................................41

5.4. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................................................41

REFERENCES: ........................................................................................................................................................43

Chapter No 1

Introduction

Introduction

The technical problem that I have been addressing in my project is figuring out a way to find the

closest parking spot for a car. Quick, cheap, reliable, and efficient system design is at the heart of

my project. The idea came about observing the inefficiency of current methods of parking

enforcement (several peoples continuously roaming around the floors and checking parking

spot).

In this project, a set of Laser is to be used. If a car cuts the laser beam, the L.E.D will show on

the car parking panel. Car parking panel will be displayed at the entrance of parking. The car

parking panel will receive the data through wireless media. At the panel side, information will be

decrypted, retrieved and used by the means of the micro controller. . In a result L.E.Ds will

indicate whether “xyz” slot is empty or not.

1.1. Objective

The goal of this project is to create a user-friendly and adaptable system that can be

implemented in large, multi-level parking in order to alleviate parking hassles. The ultimate goal

is that the ideas and planning demonstrated through this system can then be easily upgraded to an

actual parking facility. The purpose of the Development of Smart Parking System is to eliminate

the unnecessary frustration drivers experience as they waste priceless minutes circling parking

garages looking for the optimal parking spot. In addition, traffic flow within the garage will be

better regulated, creating a safer atmosphere for both drivers and pedestrians.

1.2. Scope

The scope of the project is limited to the given features.

It can be used in large shopping malls like Metro, Macro and Pace, etc

It can be used in Hospitals

can be used in big and busy parking

1.3. Benefits of the project

allows the driver to immediately locate the best parking spot available

Save human resources and time

Car parking allocation system provides the facility to prevent from long queues.

the system ensures the vehicle which is entering in the parking tells about the empty slots

1.3.1. Benefits to the car owner(s)

time saving would be enhanced

accurate guidelines for parking

1.3.2. Benefits to Organization(s)

customer satisfaction

full-fledged and flawless parking

1.4. Objective of research

Firstly, The most obliging objective of our project is to provide feasibility and

convenience in car parking to our prestigious people. .Secondly, there are so many existing

systems of car parking in the world but our project is so simple and inexpensive that even

smaller organizations can also afford and adopt it.

1.5. Uniqueness in the project

As there are many car parking projects developed and also implemented in the world.

However, there is some point, which makes our project unique from other existing projects in

the world.

First of all, our project is quite cost-effective, i.e. it is very economical that even small

companies will also be able to purchase it.

As far the technicality of our project is concerned so the parking sensors which are

normally used to don’t transmit data wirelessly they show an indication right at the

parking lot. But obliging feature of our project is that it will show an indication wherever

we want information will automatically be displayed at specified location.

Most importantly such type of project has not been developed. other projects have many

supporting devices between point a and b and that devices are very expensive.

And also use of the laser beam instead of highly expensive sensors and use of GSM

module instead of extra devices and different hardware’s make unique our project from

early existing systems in the world.

1.6. Existing systems..

There are dozens of existing system in the world like:

Automatic car parking for garages

vision guided automatic car parking

fully optimized automatic car parking

Intelligent car parking

sensor guided automatic parking system

Chapter No 2

Hardware Components

2.1. Hardware Components

Following are the hardware components used in the project

Microcontroller AT89C52

GSM SIM 900D

Multi colors L.E.Ds

L.D.Rs

Laser Beam

Heat Sinker

2.2. Microcontroller AT89C52

Like all good things, this powerful component is basically very simple. It is made by mixingtested and high- quality "ingredients" (components) as per following receipt:

The simplest computer processor is used as the "brain" of the future system. Depending on the taste of the manufacturer, a bit of memory, a few A/D converters, timers,

input/output lines etc. are added All that is placed in some of the standard packages. A simple software able to control it all and which everyone can easily learn about has been

developed.

2.3. Features

Compatible with MCS-51™ Products

8K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory

Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz

Three-level Program Memory Lock

256 x 8-bit Internal RAM

32 Programmable I/O Lines

Three 16-bit Timer/Counters

Eight Interrupt Sources

Programmable Serial Channel

Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes

Figure-2.1-Pin configuration of AT89C52

2.4.Description

The AT89C52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 8K

bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read- only memory (PEROM). The device is

manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with

the industry-standard 80C51 and 80C52 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the

program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory

programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel

AT89C52 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective

solution to many embedded control applications.

Pin Number Description

1 RESET – Reset

2 P3.0 - Port 3 – RXD

3 P3.1 - Port 3 – TXD

4 XTAL2 – Crystal

5 XTAL1 – Crystal

6 P3.2 - Port 3 - INT0

7 P3.3 - Port 3 - INT1

8 P3.4 - Port 3 – TO

9 P3.5 - Port 3 - T1

10 GND – Ground

11 P3.7 - Port 3

12 P1.0 - Port 1 - AIN0

13 P1.1 - Port 1 – A1N1

14 P1.2 - Port 1

15 P1.3 - Port 1

16 P1.4 - Port 1

17 P1.5 - Port 1

18 P1.6 - Port 1

19 P1.7 - Port 1

20 Vcc - Positive Power Supply

2.4.1. Vcc

VCC is an abbreviation for "Common-Collector voltage." It probably came out as

a voltage supply for the amplifier Collector's ownership. It was then the extension to

become a pin TL logic IC as equivalent in relation to the Collector BJT. Vee referred to

as pins on a device that has a connection to the common-emeteur. TL logic usually uses

BJTs, using the sense of VCC / Vee, but uses a CMOS FETs and VDD (drain) and VSS

signal (source).

2.4.2. GND

Electrical engineering, land or land to indicate the reference cycle of energy and

other factors, or common return path for electrical current or direct physical connection to

the land.

Electrical circuits can be connected to ground (earth) for several reasons. Markets

are becoming electrical and metal parts connected to the ground, to prevent contact with

dangerous voltages, where complete electrical isolation. Connect with limited

accumulation of static electricity when working with flammable products or when

repairing electronic devices possible. Some telegraph and systems for power

transmission; the home can be used as conductors, of course, saving the cost of setting up

a special return conductor.

2.4.3. Port 1

Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port. Port pins P1.2 .to P1.7 provide internal

pull-ups. P1.0 and P1.1 require external pull-ups. P1.0 and P1.1 also serve as the positive

input (AIN0) and the negative input (AIN1), respectively, of the on-chip precision analog

comparator. The Port 1 output buffers can sink 20 mA and can drive LED displays

directly. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they can be used as inputs. When pins P1.2

to P1.7 are used as inputs and are externally pulled low, they will source current (IIL)

because of the internal pull-ups. Port 1 also receives code data during Flash programming

and verification.

2.4.4. Port 3

Port 3 pins P3.0 to P3.5, P3.7 are seven bi-directional I/O pins with internal pull-

ups. P3.6 is hard-wired as an input to the output of the on-chip comparator and is not

accessible as a general purpose I/O pin. The Port 3 output buffers can sink 20 mA. When

1s are written to Port 3 pins they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used

as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current

(IIL) because of the pull-ups.

2.4.5. RST

Reset input. All I/O pins are reset to 1s as soon as RST goes high. Holding the

RST pin high for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device.

Each machine cycle takes 12 oscillator or clock cycles.

Port Pin Alternate Functions

P3.0 RXD (serial input port)

P3.1 TXD (serial output port)

P3.2 INT0 (external interrupt 0)

P3.3 INT1 (external interrupt 1)

P3.4 T0 (timer 0 external input)

P3.5 T1 (timer 1 external input)

Table-2.2-Special features of AT89C2051 serve by Port 3

2.4.6. XTAL1

Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating

circuit.

2.5.GSM Module:

GSM originally Groupe Special Mobile), a set of standards prepared by the

Institute of European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the

technology of the second generation (2G) digital mobile. Developed replace the first

generation (1G) analog mobile originally described в GSM digital standard switched

telephone optimized. The standard period is extended for the first transport packet data

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service). Packet data transfer rate increased EDGE

(Enhanced Data GSM Evolution). GSM continued to improve the development

generation (3G) UMTS developed by 3GPP. GSM begin to develop the fourth

generation (4G) LTE advanced standards. "GSM" trademark is owned by the GSM .

Fig. 2.2 GSM

2.5.1. Product functions

Product features Descriptions

Frequancy GSM 850/900/1800/1900 Quad Band

Maximum RF Power Gsm 850/Egsm900

Working Temperature -30 ro +70 centigrade

Power voltage 3.4v to 4.5v

2.5.2. Block diagram

2.5.3. Description

GSM/GPRS Modules are similar to modems, but there's one difference: A GSM/GPRS

Modem is external equipment, whereas the GSM/GPRS Module is a module that can be

integrated within equipment. It is an embedded piece of hardware.

A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with GSM networks. A wireless modem

behaves like a Hayes compatible dial-up modem. The main difference between a standard Hayes

modem and a GSM modem is that a hays modem sends and receives data through a fixed

telephone line while a GSM modem sends and receives data through radio waves.

A GSM modem can be an external unit or a PCMCIA card (also called PC Card). An

external GSM modem is connected to a PC through a serial cable, a USB cable, Bluetooth or

Infrared. Like a GSM mobile phone, a GSM modem requires a SIM card from a wireless carrier

in order to operate.

PC'suse AT commands to control a modem. GSM modems and normal Hayes modems

support a common set of AT commands. You can use a GSM modem just like a hayes

compatible modem. GSM modems support an extended set of AT commands. These extended

AT commands are defined in the GSM standards. With the extended AT commands, you can do

things like. send and delete sms read and write sms etc etc.

2.6.Multicolor LEDS

The purpose of using of multicolor LEDS to share the information of parking slot with every

new driver at the entrance of the parking.

Fig.2.3 Multi color LED

2.7.L.D.R. (Light Dependent Resistor)

A light dependent resistor is a small, round semiconductor. Light dependent resistors are

used to re-charge a light during different changes in the light, or they are made to turn a light on

during certain changes in lights. One of the most common uses for light dependent resistors is in

traffic lights. The light dependent resistor controls a built in heater inside the traffic light, and

causes it to recharge over night so that the light never dies. Other common places to find light

dependent resistors are in: infrared detectors, clocks and security alarms.

2.7.1. Identification

A light dependent resistor is shaped like a quarter. They are small, and can be

nearly any size. Other names for light dependent resistors are: photoconductors, photo

resistor, or a CdS cell. There are black lines on one side of the light dependent resistor.

The overall color of a light dependent resistor is gold. Usually other electrical

components are attached to the light dependent resistor by metal tubes soldered to the

sides of the light dependent resistor.

2.7.2. Function

The main purpose of a light dependent resistor is to change the brightness of a

light in different weather conditions. This can easily be explained with the use of a watch.

Some watches start to glow in the dark so that it is possible to see the time without having

to press any buttons. It is the light dependent resistor that allows the watch to know when

it has gotten dark, and change the emissions level of the light at that time. Traffic lights

use this principle as well but their lights have to be brighter in the day time.

2.7.3. Benefits

There are many great benefits to light dependent resistors. They allow less power

to be used in many different kinds of lights. They help lights last much longer. They can

be trigged by several different kinds of triggers, which is very useful for motion lights

and security systems. They are also very useful in watches and cars so that the lights can

turn on automatically when it becomes dark. There are a lot of things that light dependent

resistors can do.

Fig 2.4 Photodiode

2.8.Laser Beam

The term laser is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of

Radiation. A laser beam is a powerful, narrow, monochromatic and directional beam of

electromagnetic radiation. Often, these beams are within the visible spectrum of light. A laser

device excites the atoms in a lasing medium. The electrons of these atoms move to a higher orbit,

then release photons, creating a laser beam.

Fig 2.5 Laser beam

2.8.1. Laser Beam types

Types of lasers include gas, liquid and solid. Gas lasers excite the electrons in

gases, such as helium, neon, cadmium, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Liquid lasers include

the dye laser, which uses organic dye molecules in liquid form to produce a wavelength

of radiation that can be tuned. Solid lasers include the ruby laser, which uses a precious

stone to produce a beam of red light.

2.8.2. Laser Beam functions

Laser beams are most commonly used in CD and DVD devices, optical scanners,

computer mice, laser printers and pointers. They are also used to produce holograms.

Laser beams are used in industry to cut and weld metal and to survey land and construct

buildings. In scientific research, they're used in laser spectroscopy and chemical analysis.

They are used in medical procedures such as eye, cancer and heart surgery, as well as in

cosmetic procedures. Dental applications include cavity treatment, nerve regeneration

and reshaping gum tissue.

2.9. Heat sinker

A heat sink is a term for a component or assembly that transfers heat generated within a

solid material to a fluid medium, such as air or a liquid. Examples of heat sinks are the heat

exchangers used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems and the radiator (also a heat

exchanger) in a car. Heat sinks also help to cool electronic and optoelectronic devices, such as

higher-power lasers and light emitting diodes (LEDs).

A heat sink is physically designed to increase the surface area in contact with the cooling

fluid surrounding it, such as the air. Approach air velocity, choice of material, fin (or other

protrusion) design and surface treatment are some of the design factors which influence the

thermal resistance, i.e. thermal performance, of a heat sink. One engineering application of heat

sinks is in the thermal management of electronics, often computer central processing unit (CPU)

or graphics processors. For these, heat sink attachment methods and thermal interface materials

also influence the eventual junction or die temperature of the processor(s). Thermal adhesive

(also known as thermal grease) is added to the base of the heatsink to help its thermal

performance.

heat sinker

2.10. Oscillator

An oscillator is a mechanical or electronic device that works on the principles of

oscillation: a periodic fluctuation between two things based on changes in energy.

Computers, clocks, watches, radios, and metal detectors are among the many devices that

use oscillators.

.

Chapter No 3

System Design

3.1.Transmitter Unit

The transmitter circuit diagram and block diagram are shown in figure 2.1 & 2.2

respectively. The data is transmitted from transmitter side through GSM module.

3.1 Block Diagram of Transmitter side

Fig 3.2 Circuit Diagram (Sender Side)

3.2.Receiver Unit

The receiver unit circuit diagram and block diagram are shown in figure 2.3 and 2.4

respectively. The main purpose of the receiver unit is to receive the sending end data.

Through the GSM module process, it in the micro controller then finally display led.

Figure-3.3-Block diagram of receiver unit

3.3.Systematic diagram of project

Fig. 3.4 System Diagram

Chapter No 4

Tests and Results

4.1.Tests:

To check our system fully we test it under the different scenarios. Some of them are given below.

4.1.1. Test Scenario 1:

In first test we apply our system at COMSATS car parking. At the

entrance we placed the panel. Circuit was set . We give power to the

circuit it init ializes the circuit at receiving and sending side. At sendi ng

side circuit ini tializes itself, it checked the initial status of parking slots

and sent the interrupt to microcontroller. When microcontroller received

the interrupt it forwarded the control to the GSM module. The GSM

module sent the message at receiving side. At sending side when GSM

module received the data it forwarded the data to microcontroller.

Microcontroller received an interrupt. It checks that from sending side

which pin has received an interrupt and forwards it . After checking the

pin, coded function was performed and specific L.E.D. glowed at the

panel.


In second test we apply our system at Ayub Medical Complex car

parking. At the entrance we placed the panel. Circuit was set . We give

power to the circuit i t initializes the c ircuit at receiving and sending side.

At sending side circuit initializes itself, it checked the initial status of

parking slots and sent the interrupt to microcontroller. When

microcontroller received the interrupt it forwarded the control to the GSM

module. The GSM module sent the message at receiving side. At sending

side when GSM module received the data it forwarded the data to

microcontroller. Microcontroller received an interrupt. It checks that from

sending side which pin has received an interrupt a nd forwards it . After

checking the pin, coded function was performed and specific L.E.D.

glowed at the panel. Here we received an issue. The head lights of the car

disturbed the photodiode which gave the wrong logics. To remove this bug

we set the delay of 100 ms to update the status and cover the photodiode

with a hollow steel cap pointing the laser from outside.


In first test we apply our system at AFC car parking. At the

entrance we placed the panel. Circuit was set . We give power to the

circuit it init ializes the circuit at receiving and sending side. At sending

side circuit ini tializes itself, it checked the initial status of parking slots

and sent the interrupt to microcontroller. When microcontroller received

the interrupt it forwarded the control to the GSM module. The GSM

module sent the message at receiving side. At sending side when GSM

module received the data it forwarded the data to microcontroller.

Microcontroller received an interrupt. It checks that from sending side

which pin has received an interrupt and forwards it . After checking the

pin, coded function was performed and specific L.E.D. glowed at the

panel.

4.2.Discussion on Results:

In this project that is Car parking Allocation System a panel will be

displayed at the entrance of parking. That panel is consisting of L.E.D’s

and slot numbers are indicated at. One L.E.D. shows one slot and tells the

driver either a slot is occupied with car or not. At the parking slot sensors

are set there which are known as L.D.Rs. L.D.R’s work on the principle of

photo diodes. It has the logic “0” if the diode is receiving light and has

the logic “1” if not receiving the packets of photons.

First of all when you give s power to the system both sides

(receiving and sending) initialize themselves .

4.2.1. At Sending Side:

At sending side circuit initializes itself, it will check the initial

status of parking slots and sends the interrupt to microcontroller. When

microcontroller receives the interrupt it forwards the control to the GSM

module. The GSM module sends the message at receiving side.

4.2.2. At Receiving Side:

At receiving side when GSM module receives the data it forwards

the data to microcontroller. Microcontroller receives an interrupt. It

checks that from sending side which pin has received an interr upt and

forwards it . After checking the pin, coded function will be performed and

specific L.E.D. will be displayed at the panel. If microcontroller is

receiving the interrupt through pin number 34 it means parking slot

number 1 will be displayed. Similarl y if microcontroller receives an

interrupt through pin number 36 and 38 the parking slots number 2 and 3

will glow respectively.

Chapter No 5

Conclusion

5.1.Introduction

The hardware developed is hypothetical idea, which of course can be implemented as

well. The hardware is flexible enough to be modified easily for further needs. This hardware will

be serving as a interaction between driver and parking lots; therefore it will be customized for

every change in the policy.

Due to the time constraints to the submission of this project the system could not be fully

evaluated but generally it produces information that posses the properties of accuracy,

completeness, timeliness and conciseness. Some of the measurable human factors that are central

in evaluation are ease of use, speed of performance and rate of errors.

All the factors mentioned above do not guarantee a unique interface and every hardware

no matter how carefully designed and implemented has got its respective pros and cons. we

propose a system for unsupervised parking lots space detection. Comparing

with other pervious methods, we just use lasers instead of high priced sensors.

5.2. Characteristic of hardware

The hardware is reliable because it produces accurate results and there is no probability

of loss of data.

The hardware is user friendly; because its design is made as user friendly as possible,

keeping in mind the diversity of its users.

The system is secure, fault tolerant and efficient.

5.3.Software requirements

The software requirements for this Hardware are:

Window xp

VB.NET

5.4.Hardware requirements

Ldr

Microcontroller(AT89c51)

GSM module

Leds(multi colour)

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