thin film thermoelectric - icropelt... · 2013. 12. 6. · 15 ºc 1.2 m/s2 32 ºc 2 pa 60% rh 2000...

Micropelt energy harvesting

„ready to go“

Thin film thermoelectric Technology, devices and applications

Index

- Micro Energy Harvesting “100 µW to 10 mW”

Purpose energy harvesting ?

Thermoelectrics/Electromagnetic inductance

- Thin-film thermo-electrics Thermogenerator chip

- Energy Harvesting system architecture Energy balance

Duty cycling

DC Booster & power management

Energy storage

- Applications Real examples

Body heat ?

Impossible applications

Getting started

Energy

Harvesting

Smart

Sensor

15 ºC

1.2 m/s2

32 ºC

2 Pa

60% RH

2000 lm

Smart metering

Remote sensing

Condition Based

Maintenance (CBM)

Asset diagnostics

Smart Embedded Devices

Connected planet

Condition Monitoring

Smart sensors

Smart buildings

M2M Machine to Machine

Distributed computing

green ICT

gateway

20 ºC

Can we avoid truckloads batteries ?

Micro energy harvesting

Source Technology Energy Remarks

Acoustic (100dB) Piezo 950 nW/cm3 Little research done

RF-waves Antennas < 1 µW/cm2 Near field only

Light Solar cell 100 mW/cm2 Sunlight

Solar cell 100 µW/cm2 Light

Switching

operation

Electrodynamic 50 µJ/N 50µW EnOcean

PTM-200-module

Temperature Seebeck 60 µW/cm2 Standard elements

Seebeck 710 µW/cm2 Micropelt @ 3K

differential

Vibration Piezo 4 µW/cm3 Human motion (Hz)

Piezo 800 µW/cm3 Machine motion

(kHz)

Ambient Energy Harvesting sources

Micro Energy Harvesting Energy Harvesting Renewable Energy

Power Level µW … W W … kW kW … MW

Goals - Replace batteries

- Power wireless

sensor systems

(WSN) / actuators

- Indirect reduction of

CO2 emissions

- Monitoring and

Condition Based

Maintenance

- Efficient recovery

for local use

- Reduce fuel

consumption

- Oil/Gas/Nuclear

replacement

- Reduce CO2

emissions

Introduction

Power Levels

Technology

Autor | Micropelt GmbH 5

Micro

Energy

Harvesting

20 ºC

ThermoPower

Thermo generators require a temperature differential between its “hot” and “cold” sides

+ -

25 °C

35 °C

- 1 mW, at 24/7 a year

- year = 8760 hours

- AA battery-equivalent

= 8760 * 1 mW / 1.5 V

= 5840 mAh per year

- CR2032 equivalent

= 8760 * 1 mW / 3V

= 2920 mAh per year

Index






Duty cycling


Energy storage


Body heat ?


Getting started

Energy

Harvesting

Smart

Sensor

Micropelt: thin film thermoelectrics

TGP: robust Thermal Generator in Package

Button-cell thermal generator

- Robust mechanical design

- Thermal performance optimized

- Operating 0 ºC to 100 ºC TGP-651 TGP-751

TEG chip inside MPG-D651

( ~ 7 sqmm)

MPG-D751

(~ 14 sqmm)

Seebeck voltage 60 mV / K 110 mV / K

R electrical 185 Ω 300 Ω

R thermal 28 K/W 18 K/W

Footprint 15 x 10 x 9.3 mm 15 x 10 x 9.3 mm

Since not all system integrators can handle “bare dies”, Micropelt thermo-

generators are offered in a robust, button-cell like, package

Focus battery replacement

- Efficiency not key parameter of thermogenerator

efficiency is key @ DC-booster

Microstructures offer high output voltage

- much higher compared to bulk type

- efficient DC-DC Booster

- low delta T operation possible

Less TE material by MEMS micro-structuring

- 100’s x less need of rare material

- <100 kg tellurium for 1 Mio chips

Robust button-cell generator (TGP)

- Easy to create good thermal concept

- Automated assembly

Thermoelectric thin-film generators

- Solid state; no moving parts; silent; reliable;

scalable and very small

Micropelt thin-film TE production technology

Micropelt wafer-based MEMS-like production process

Micropelt thin-film thermoelectrics

Index






Duty cycling


Energy storage


Body heat ?


Getting started

Energy

Harvesting

Smart

Sensor

Energy balance

Energy Harvesting Smart, wireless sensor

Index






Duty cycling


Energy storage


Body heat ?


Getting started

Energy

Harvesting

Smart

Sensor

Solution:

qtNODE Retro Fit Sensoren in FAB’s

Monitoring of HotSpots

Electricity distribution - FAB

Solution:

qtNODE Sensor with 2 Thermogenerators and Thin Flow Battery (TFB)


Sensor Module:

• Mechanical design and complete module overview

heat spreader

heat sink

NdFeB –magnets

Stable for temperature range -40 .. 100

°C

PCB with electronics

and TGPs

52

mm


Sensor Module:

• Mechanical design and complete module overview

NTC for heat

source temp.

measurement

two TGPs

TFB from

ST

NTC for ambient temp.

measurement

Power

management

MCU + Radio

PCB temp.

measurement

PCB

Antenna

Spacer

PCB

Electronically connection to

TFB contact with

conductive silver (glued)


Sensor Module:

• Electronically design

DC-DC Booster from Texas Instrument Type BQ25504

Basics characteristics:

Ultra low Quiescent Current < 330nA

Cold-Start Voltage with Micropelt Thermo generator ≥ 360mV

Continuous Energy Harvesting after cold-start with input voltage up to

180mV

Dynamic Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)

Possibility for connection from different Storages (TFB, Li-ion, ….)

Battery charging and discharging with programmable protection levels

Battery state Good Output Pin

http://www.ti.com/lit/ug/sluu654a/sluu654a.pdf


Sensor Module:

• Electronically design

MCU from Texas instrument:

16 Bit MCU MSP430f2274 with 10 Bit A/D Converter

32KB flash memory

Power supplied with 2.2 Volt

can be programmed via bi-wire connector

http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/msp430f2274.pdf

Radio Texas instrument:

CC2520; 2.4 GHz RF Transceiver compatible to IEEE 802.15.4

standard used unlicensed ISM Band http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/cc2520.pdf

Protocol:

Proprietary Payload

Communication:

Unidirectional / Network is STAR


http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/msp430f2274.pdf

http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/cc2520.pdf



Sensor Module:

• Electronically characterization /

Power consumption measurement

Measurement without storage capacitor and Battery,

supplied with dc power supply V = 4.2 [Volt], connected directly to “Vstor”

contact

Zone Descriptions

1 Voltage measurement at storage capacitor

2 PCB temperature measurement from MSP430

3 Heat source Temperature measurement with external NTC

Sensor

4 Oscillation stopping from TI BQ25504 / bring the TGP voltage

to open circuit and not with dc-dc booster loaded. Needed for

Battery voltage measurement with out charging and TGP

internal resistor measurement

5 Voltage at ST Battery measurement

6 Measurement at TGP OCV and two loaded voltages with

known resistors for internal resistors from TGP determination

7 SET BQ25504 to usual operation

8 Radio board and ext. quartz INIT

9 Data transmit via SPI from MCU to Radio and RF data transmit

10 LED (red or green) ON and Off


Sensor Module:


Power consumption measurement

Zone

Current

consumtion

[mA] time [msec]

1 1.8 1.5

2 4 1

3 2 1

4 0.01 8

5 2 1.6

6 4 2

7 2 1.8

8 25 1.8

9 35 1.5

10 5.8 1.1

Total: 81.61 21.3

Supply voltage: 2.2 Volt

Sleep time between two RF

transition 30 sec

Current consumption (sleep time) 10 µA

Power consumption active: 179.5 mW

Power consumption sleep: 0.022 mW

Energy 4.48 mJ

Power average 0.15 mW

or

150 µW In case TFB full charged:

Funkt. time = 700µA*h / 150µA = 4.67h with out thermo harvester


Ambient temperature

T ~ 5

°C

Power balance point

Sensor Module:


Thermal characterization

Very low start up voltage

with temperature difference T ~ 5 °C

Thermoelectrically energy has a same

value as consumed power

of the electrics with T ~ 8 °C

Thermoharvester generated 1mW

electrical matched power already

by 45 degree


Distributed Sensor Network:

Easy integration in Building-Management-System through

standard-interfaces (e.g. Modbus/TCP)


Wireless PA sensor

Maintenance-free PA sensor

- Temperature, pressure, flow, …….

- WirelessHART, ISA100, Zigbee based

- No battery change over lifetime sensor

Process Automation

Article PROZESSAUTOMATION & MESSTECHNIK | ENERGY HARVESTING

http://www.pua24.net/pi/index.php?StoryID=41&articleID=211898

May 2012

Process Automation



iTRV With the intelligent features in living by Danfoss

radiator thermostats, you start saving energy

and money right away. Replacing an older

radiator thermostat to a living by Danfoss

electronic thermostat reduces heating energy

consumption by 23 percent per thermostat.

This doubles with manually controlled valves –

upgrading to living by Danfoss gives you 46

percent savings.

(Source: www.living.danfoss.eu)

*iTRV = intelligent thermostatic radiator valve

Products for building automation – … and $ savings

http://www.living.danfoss.eu/

New European norm concerning energy performance classes for buildings: EN15232

Single room control (iTRV) is a key function to reach class A or B!

Autor | Micropelt

GmbH

28

Products for building automation – iTRV Regulations…

Autor | Micropelt

GmbH

29

TRV - Total installed base > 600 Mio units

Products for building automation – Market numbers

Showcase - Buildings & HVAC

Autonomous actuator control

Up to 30% energy saving

No battery replacement

Compatible with EnOcean standard

Autonomeous single room radiator controler

Showcase - Buildings & HVAC

Autonomeous single room radiator controler

IR picture floor heating

meter

gauge

faucet

plumbing

pump valve boiler

solar

airco

Body heat ??

Source: http://www.healthyheating.com

Research and papers by IMEC

http://www2.imec.be/be_en/home.html

All about energy harvesting

www.micropelt.com

[email protected]

thin film thermoelectric - icropelt... · 2013. 12. 6. · 15 ºc 1.2 m/s2 32 ºc 2 pa 60% rh 2000...

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