things to ponder scratch a dog and youll find a permanent job. money will buy a fine dog, but only...
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Things to PonderThings to Ponder• Scratch a dog and you’ll find a
permanent job.
• Money will buy a fine dog, but only kindness will make him wag his tail.
• Scratch a dog and you’ll find a permanent job.
• Money will buy a fine dog, but only kindness will make him wag his tail.
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Gas LawsGas Laws
Lesson 3Lesson 3
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Avogadro's Principle Avogadro's Principle
• States that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal number of particles.
• States that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal number of particles.
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Crystal lattice Crystal lattice
• A well - defined, three -dimensional arrangement, repeated throughout the solid.
• A well - defined, three -dimensional arrangement, repeated throughout the solid.
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Liquid crystal Liquid crystal
• When a solid melts, its crystal lattices disintegrate and its particles lose their three-dimensional pattern.
• When a solid melts, its crystal lattices disintegrate and its particles lose their three-dimensional pattern.
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Equivalent PressuresEquivalent Pressures
1 atm 760 Hg 760 Torr 14.7 psi 101.3 kpa1 atm 760 Hg 760 Torr 14.7 psi 101.3 kpa
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Problem 1Problem 1
• How many atm are in 856 torr?
• Answer• 1.13 atm
• How many atm are in 856 torr?
• Answer• 1.13 atm
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Problem 2Problem 2
• How many Pa are in 16.4 atm?
• Answer• 1661320 Pa or 1.66 x 106 Pa
• How many Pa are in 16.4 atm?
• Answer• 1661320 Pa or 1.66 x 106 Pa
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Viscosity Viscosity
• The stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher is the viscosity.
• Viscosity also increases with the mass of a liquid’s particles and the length of molecule chains.
• A measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow is called viscosity.
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Amorphous SolidsAmorphous Solids• Examples of amorphous solids
include glass, rubber, cotton candies, slime, and many plastics.
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Melting PointMelting Point
• Temperature of the solid when its crystal lattice begins to disintegrate.
• Temperature of the solid when its crystal lattice begins to disintegrate.
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Freezing point Freezing point
• Temperature of a liquid when it begins to form a crystal lattice and becomes a solid.
• Temperature of a liquid when it begins to form a crystal lattice and becomes a solid.
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Boiling PointBoiling Point
• Temperature of the substance when its vapor pressure equals the pressure exerted on the surface of the liquid.
• (For liquids in an open container, the pressure exerted equals atmospheric pressure.)
• Is affected by change in pressure.
• Temperature of the substance when its vapor pressure equals the pressure exerted on the surface of the liquid.
• (For liquids in an open container, the pressure exerted equals atmospheric pressure.)
• Is affected by change in pressure.
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SublimationSublimation• Process by which particles of a solid
escape from its surface and form a gas.
Ex: CO2 and
clothes on a clothes line duringfreezing temps.
• Process by which particles of a solid escape from its surface and form a gas.
Ex: CO2 and
clothes on a clothes line duringfreezing temps.
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Condensation Condensation
• The process by which a gas or vapor becomes a liquid. It is the reverse of vaporization.
• Ex: Dew
• The process by which a gas or vapor becomes a liquid. It is the reverse of vaporization.
• Ex: Dew
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Vapor PressureVapor Pressure
• Is the pressure exerted by a vapor over a liquid.
• Is the pressure exerted by a vapor over a liquid.
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Air Air
• Air is made up of four main gases: N2, O2, Ar, and CO2.
• Air is made up of four main gases: N2, O2, Ar, and CO2.
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Pressure B-ballPressure B-ball
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Problem 3Problem 3
• The basketball was slightly deflated and has a volume of 17cm3 at 1.7 atm. Joe begins to air it up and he pumps it until there is a pressure of 2.5 atm. What is the new volume?
• The basketball was slightly deflated and has a volume of 17cm3 at 1.7 atm. Joe begins to air it up and he pumps it until there is a pressure of 2.5 atm. What is the new volume?
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WorkWork
• P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
• 17 cm3 x 1.7 atm = V2 x 2.5 atm
• Answer = 11.56 cm3
• P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
• 17 cm3 x 1.7 atm = V2 x 2.5 atm
• Answer = 11.56 cm3
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Problem 4Problem 4
• The reading of a tire-pressure gauge is 35 psi. What is the equivalent pressure in kilopascals?
• The reading of a tire-pressure gauge is 35 psi. What is the equivalent pressure in kilopascals?
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WorkWork
• Answer• Answer
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Problem 5Problem 5
• What pressure in atmospheres will 18.6 mol of methane exert when it is compressed in a 12.00-L tank at a temperature of 45°C?
• What pressure in atmospheres will 18.6 mol of methane exert when it is compressed in a 12.00-L tank at a temperature of 45°C?
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WorkWork
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Problem 6Problem 6
• A sample of nitrogen monoxide has a volume of 72.6 mL at a temperature of 16°C and a pressure of 104.1 kPa. What volume will the sample occupy at 24°C and 99.3 kPa?
• A sample of nitrogen monoxide has a volume of 72.6 mL at a temperature of 16°C and a pressure of 104.1 kPa. What volume will the sample occupy at 24°C and 99.3 kPa?
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WorkWork
• P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
T1 T2
Answer78.22 ml
• P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
T1 T2
Answer78.22 ml