think grain think feed september issue

Volume 3 | Issue 11

September-2017

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Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale

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US Soybean Export Council

Dr. Suhas Amrutkar

Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition,

MAFSU, Parbhani

Dr. SN Mohanty

Former Principal Scientist, CIFA

Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta

Agricultural Economist

Dr. Swamy Haladi

Feed Additive Expert

Dr. R Gnana Sekar

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www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

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Managing Editor

Dr. T.K. Walli

Former Head,

Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI

EDITORIAL

ndian maize prices remain comparatively

stable, and could show a downward trend for Isome time, till the new crop comes in the

market. By and large rains have been normal, but there was some

deficit in the corn-belt. The maize sowing too has been lagging behind

by 5.93%, towards the last week of August., 7.799 million ha, as

compared to .291 million ha last year, which is also bound to affect

overall productivity. Reduction in corn prices lead to stable DDGS

prices, while the SBM prices have been moving up steadily. US,

especially Texas which was hit by Hurrican Harvey, has not affect the

corn crop. Right now the prices are stable. If there is an export demand,

then the prices may go up.

A wonder grass for the tropical ( Arid/ Semi Arid) regions

Little-known wild perennial grass could be a double blessing to

farmers in arid areas, not just for their crops, but also for their livestock.

Research by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and the

Kenya Agricultural Livestock Research Organisation (Kalro), shows that

the grass called brachiaria, fixes minerals in the soil that are crucial for

plant health. These minerals including nitrogen, phosphorous and

carbon, are often lacking in arid areas. Not only is this grass good for

plants, it is also a resilient feed for livestock in arid lands where farmers

often lose their livestock during periods of drought, due to lack of

pasture. The other good traits of this grass are that the grass is disease-

and drought-resistant. Brachiaria has been used to transform livestock

production in South America. However, despite the immense benefits

it demonstrated in that region, the true potential of this grass is yet to

be realized in its motherland, Africa.”Brachiaria looks like napier grass,

which is commonly used by Kenyan farmers as feed, but it grows taller

and produces seeds unlike napier grass. Napier grass is also prone to

diseases, unlike the resilient brachiaria. Being perennial, the wild grass

can be harvested four months after planting, and then onwards can be

harvested every two months, and can live as long as 10 years. It

produces 19 tonnes of green fodder per acre, and about nine tonnes

after drying. The Food and Agriculture Organisation has estimated that

70 per cent of livestock is reared on this barren lands. These dry lands

are only famous for nomadic pastoralism, not for crop production, The

low amount of rainfall they receive as well as soil erosion, makes

agriculture unsustainable in arid areas. The traits possessed by the

Brachiaria grass make it a potential “saviour” for arid areas. Since India

has a vast stretch of arid and semi arid regions in the country. It is time

that our fodder specialists should try to procure/ import the best

quality seeds from Africa, through the good offices of International

Livestock Research Institute, Kenya, and try to propagate the

cultivation of this wonder grass in the arid and semi arid regions of the

country.

TK Walli

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 11 | Sep 2017

Present trend in maize prices

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RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

05

ARTICLE

It produces 19 tonnes of green fodder

per acre, and about nine tonnes after

drying.

As sub-Saharan Africa's climate

changes, small-scale farmers are

increasingly looking to innovative ways

of dealing with agricultural challenges.

And in some instances, the techniques

they adopt are helping to combat

climate change, too.

Alternative animal feed, climate-friendly

grasses and the use of fodder trees are

among the examples providing farmers

resilience and leading to benefits such

as more productive livestock and new

business opportunities -- all while

reducing greenhouse gas emissions

and building healthy soils.

A little-known wild grass could be a

double blessing to farmers in arid areas,

not just for their crops, but also for

their livestock.

Research by the International Livestock

Research Institute (ILRI) and the Kenya

Agricultural Livestock Research

Organisation (Kalro), shows that the

grass called brachiaria, fixes minerals in

R&D

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EVENT CALENDAR - 30

Brachiaria: Wonder grass holds key to drought-resistant animal feed

the soil that are crucial for plant health. These minerals

including nitrogen, phosphorous and carbon, are often

lacking in arid areas.

Not only is this grass good for plants, it is also a resilient

feed for livestock in arid lands where farmers often lose

their livestock during periods of drought, due to lack of

pasture.

In an article on ILRI's website, Sita Ghimire, a senior

scientist who led the research, said: Brachiaria has been

used to transform livestock production in South

America. However, despite the immense benefits it

demonstrated in that region, the true potential of this

grass is yet to be realised in its motherland, Africa.”

Brachiaria looks like napier grass, which is commonly

used by Kenyan farmers as feed, but it grows taller and

produces seeds unlike napier grass.

Napier grass is also prone to diseases, unlike the

resilient brachiaria. Previous studies on the wild grass

showed that it is harvested four months after planting,

can be harvested every two months, and can live as

long as 10 years.

It produces 19 tonnes of green fodder per acre, and

about nine tonnes after drying.

These traits make it a potential “saviour” for arid areas

that account for 80 per cent of Kenya's land. These dry

lands are only famous for nomadic pastoralism, not for

crop production, with the Food and Agriculture

MARKET PROJECTION EVENT COVERAGE

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Brachiaria: Wonder grass holds

key to drought-resistant animal feed

Price forecast for maize & DDGS

08

12

Methionine–Underlying

opportunities in Asian economies

06

Grain chiller: the importance

of technology for Feed industry

Energy: the key factor for

efficient milk production

16

20

INTERVIEW

26 Key discussions at 6th

AGM of INFAH

UPCOMING EVENTS

26-28 October

2017

27-29 September

2017

Da ry INDUSTRY EXP 2017The Farming & Processing Event

Regulatory changes on

Global feed industry

R&D Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 11 | Sep 2017

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Organisation, estimating that 70 per

cent of livestock is reared on this barren

land.

The low amount of rainfall they receive

as well as soil erosion, makes

agriculture unsustainable in arid areas.

Farmers in these areas also bear the

brunt of the negative effect of climate

change, with their herds of livestock

dying during periods of drought and

famine.

However, with the introduction of

grasses such as brachiaria, the dry lands

hold potential for food security for both

humans and animals.

Since the launch of a project funded by

the Swedish International Development

Cooperation Agency in 2013, four

improved varieties of the grass have

been piloted by Kalro, with positive

results. Counties that were covered

included Kilifi, Malindi, Machakos,

Embu, Meru, Makueni, Uasin Gishu,

Trans Nzoia and Nyandarua, where the

grass aims to increase farmers'

resilience in the face of the effects of devastating

climate change.

Brachiaria's crucial role

! The wild grass is native to Africa and has been

used to transform livestock production in South

America.

! It fixes soil minerals such as nitrogen, phosphorous

and carbon, which are often lacking in arid areas.

! Brachiaria looks like napier grass, but grows taller

and produces seeds which replenish the grass after

harvest.

! The wild grass is disease- and drought-resistant.

! Brachiaria produces 19 tonnes of green fodder per

acre and about nine tonnes after drying.

! Arid lands make up 80 per cent of land in the

country, and livestock farmers found in these

regions need resilient animal feed.

! 90 per cent of livestock is reared in arid areas

where the land is barren.

! Four improved varieties of brachiaria grass have

been planted in various counties for use as fodder

by livestock farmers.Source: Nation

India maize prices remain stable and on

a downward trend at least for some

time as the end users wait for the new

crop and the demand is also subdued.

The sowing is complete for maize and

now it is wait and watch. The monsoon

has also entered the last phase and as

per IMD the withdrawal could be

delayed bit. Overall the rains have been

just about normal and deficit at 3%, but

there are areas in the corn belt which

have received less rains and there is a

possibility of productivity loss due to

moisture stress.

Sept (Rabi) future Rs. 13000/MT, down

0.61%; Oct (K) Rs. 15580/MT down

2.14%; Nov (K) Rs. 15680/MT down

2.12%; Dec (K) Rs. 15760/MT down

2.17% and Jan 2018 (K) Rs. 15840/MT.

Spot prices too were down, Jalgaon Rs.

14500/MT (Same as last week);

Nizamabad Rs. 15462/MT down 2.02%;

Davangere Rs. 17050/MT down 0.87%;

Sangli Rs. 16000/MT, down 4.19% and

Gulabbagh Rs. 13300/MT down 0.12%.

US, especially Texas was hit by

Hurricane Harvey, but it is not affecting the corn crop.

The contract to watch at this time in Dec 2017, which

turned lower than $3.5/bushel and on Aug 30 closed at

$3.455/Buhsel ($136/MT) and then rose sharply to close

at $139.83/MT on Sept 01, 2017. There is no such to buy

corn by domestic users as well and that is keeping the

prices stable. If there is a export demand, prices may

move up. Sept contract $133.85/MT, up 0.41%; Dec

$139.83/MT up 0.51%; Mar 2018 $144.72/MT up 0.33%

and May closed at $147.71/MT. US corn on FOB basis

(US Gulf) was indicated at $160Mt slightly higher than

last week and Prices at PNW were same as last week at

$176/MT.

DDGS prices on FOB basis was down and indicated at

$168/MT (US Gulf), down 3.45% and on PNW basis

$177/MT down 6.35%. On FOB basis DDGS is priced at

105% of corn and is a good buy. Delivered price to SEA

region remains stable, Vietnam $195/MT; China

4188/MT; Chittagong $212/MT and Myanmar $212/MT.

As on Sept 01, 2017, Vietnam cleared DDGS imports

with Phospine fumigation. This is likely to increase the

demand of DDGS into Vietnam. The country is one of

the biggest users of DDGS in SEA region and uses is a

feed ingredient of choice in Poultry, swine and fish

feeds.Source: TechproIndia

Price forecast for maize & DDGS

MA

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ARTICLE Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 11 | Sep 2017

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The role of methionine is very vibrant in

the animal poultry market. Methionine is

advantageous as a feed supplement

across the spectrum of livestock

production and particularly in the

poultry segment. The industry is

expected to develop along with the

expansion of world economy and rising

meat consumption.

As per the report of the Food and

Agricultural Policy Research

Institute(2010), the economic growth in

developing economies of Asia are

projected to grow at an average rate of

5.6%. This contrasts with the average

growth in mature countries of 2.2%.

Continued growth from countries such as China, India,

and Rest of Asia makes the region an important part of

the global economy. Asia's share of the world's GDP is

expected to rise to 22% by 2018. China alone will become

more than 10% of the global economy.

Big growth predicted

With a combined population of 1.7 billion or about one

fourth of the world's population, the major countries of

South Asia–India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh as well as the

smaller nations such as Nepal and Sri Lanka, all are

growing at more than 7% of annual average growth rate.

Out of the growing animal feed markets, India is one of

those economies which are experiencing a livestock

revolution. It has long been one of the world's most

undernourished regions in terms of caloric intake and

consumption of animal proteins. With its huge population ww

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Methionine–Underlying opportunities in Asian economies

and growing middle-class population,

the demand for meat is on the rise, and

hence the industry is demanding

methionine for the production of feed.

Methionine is presently the largest

revenue contributor to the Indian

market, which can be ascribed to its

higher price and growing use in feed

grade amino acids for compound feed

products. The demand for methionine is

dependent upon the proportionate

demand for protein in general and

poultry in particular. The Indian industry

for poultry is expected to grow more

than 9% of the compound annual

growth rate in the coming years.

Rising investments for local

manufacturing

Currently, the usage of DL-Methionine is

flourishing in Asian Economies, particular

in India and is expected to grow fairly for

the next 15 years. However, most Asian

economies are dependent on imports of

methionine to satisfy their demand for

animal feed, owing to lack of production facilities. Lack of

producers in developing nations can be attributed to the

difficulty in adopting overseas technology and the nature

of raw materials such as methyl mercaptan, acrolein, and

hydrogen cyanide.

In 2012, China consumed 194,000 KT of methionine

inclusive of theimported volume of 183,000, which was

approximately 94.3% of the consumed amount. According

to our analysis, the consumption of China is expected

grow at a CAGR of 7.8% between 2012 and 2016 to reach

at a volume of 262,000 tons in 2016.

Looking at the massive growth in the animal poultry feed

sector in Asia, manufacturers are increasingly inclined to

make investments in the production of amino acids for

domestic markets. For instance, in 2014, Adisseo

confirmed the start-up of its production plant of

methionine in Nanjing, China. With this investment, the

company aims at the growing meat demand in China.

Sumitomo Chemicals—a specialized Japanese chemical

company, is expanding its methionine manufacturing

facility by adding a new facility–Ehime Works in Niihama

City, Ehime Prefecture, Japan which is expected to be

completed in the middle of 2018. The company will

increase its capacity by approximately 100,000 metric tons

bringing the total production to 250,000 tons per year

and is aimed at capturing the active demand within the

Asian market.

Evonik—a Germany-based company is also highly

investing in methionine production aimed at Asian

Economies. In October 2016, the company announced the

addition of the second methionine in Singapore. The

company is set to invest more than USD 761 million in the

plant, which will have a production capacity of 150,000

metric tons a year.

The demand for methionine could substantially go up if

Nishikant Yadav, Markets and Markets

300,000

250,000

200,000

150,000

100,000

50,000

0

194,000 262,000

20162012

Methionine Consumption

Vo

lum

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Ton

s)

Figure: Consumption of Feed Grade Methionine in China, 2012–2016 (Tons)

Sources: Company Reports and MarketsandMarkets Analysis

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the product is readily available in the

Asian market. This brings us to the

conclusion that progress in technology,

rapid population growth, and rising

consumption of meat in the region are

fueling Asia's high demand for

methionine.

What does the future hold for the

Asian Methionine Industry?

One of the most promising and

significant markets of the amino acids

industry is methionine. There are various

factors affecting the production

methionine; right from the technology to

the raw materials used. Thus, currently,

manufacturers are continuing to expand

their market and technology leadership

in methionine with highly efficient, state-

of-the-art production facilities in all

major regions of the world including

developing Asian economies such as China and South

Asia.

Factors such as companies' incorporating sustainable

modern methods of livestock farming, population growth,

and rising purchasing power are boosting the demand for

animal protein, which is subsequently expected to bring

forward the growth in the Asian methionine market.

Interestingly, companies are not only expanding their

production plants but also investing in technologies for

the development of innovative products. The expansion

investment by Evonik last year in Jurong Island

(Singapore), which started in November 2014, is an

integrated production plant which was planned for the

production of MetAMINO (DL-Methionine) and all

necessary precursors. Investments and growth strategies

such as these are focusedon keeping pace with the

growth of the market. Thus, a sustainable and constant

growth is expected from the Asian methionine industry in

the long run especially for newer and enhanced feed

products.

FlexWave: Technology innovation by GSI Farmers and commercial grain operations

will soon have an alternative to grain bin

sweeps, brooms and shovels for bin

cleanout with new FlexWave technology

from GSI.

Currently, standard grain bins are emptied

through a combination of gravity and

augers or bin sweep technology. However,

with these methods, there's always a

remaining level of grain on the bin floor

that needs to be swept out. According to

GSI, it's hard, time-consuming, dusty work

that also can be dangerous if this chore is

performed while an auger is still running.

GSI's new, patent-pending FlexWave

technology can eliminate this labor-

intensive task. The system utilizes two

large liners that alternately inflate and

deflate, gently pushing the remaining

grain into a centrally-located conveyor

trough for removal, without the need to

enter the bin. A control system

automatically senses the amount of grain

and shuts off when the process has been

completed.

“FlexWave technology results in 99%

cleanout and eliminates the risk of

entrapment from falling grain or auger

entanglement since it is truly a zero-entry

bin unload method,” said Greg Trame, GSI

director of engineering.

Trame said FlexWave is also more reliable than conventional

methods, since there are no exposed mechanical

components. Another advantage is that perforated bin

floors are eliminated, increasing capacity.

Each inflatable liner can unload more than 100 tons of grain

using less than one psi of air pressure. The liners are

constructed of durable, commercial-grade material

designed to last over 30 years under normal conditions. In

addition, they can easily be repaired in case of accidental

puncture with a simple glue patch because of the system's

low-pressure operation, which is gentler on grain than

traditional options, protecting grain quality and profits.

Traditional grain hopper tanks are emptied by gravity

through a cone at the bottom. With FlexWave, a flat bottom

storage tank may be used instead, which not only increases

capacity but also eliminates the need to install legs since it

can sit on the ground, GSI said.

“FlexWave technology is another unload option added to

company's complete product portfolio and can be used

with any standard current unload system,” Trame said. “This

technology is exclusive to the company for grain storage

and represents an exciting advancement that supports our

commitment to continuous innovation.”

Field trials are under way, he said, to ensure proper aeration

is maintained to provide long-term, safe storage. The first

FlexWave offering is planned for 2018.

Trame noted there is a lot of potential for future

applications with FlexWave, since any equipment that relies

on a hopper cone for gravity-flow cleanout can benefit

from this technology.

ARTICLE Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 11 | Sep 2017

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Jean Fontaine is the founder and president of Jefo, a

global feed additive company headquartered in Canada.

Under his leadership, this year the company is

celebrating 35 years of global growth and innovation.

Jefo is a world leader in the field of non-medicated

performance feed additives for the poultry, swine,

ruminant and aquaculture sectors. Today the company

has offices on 5 continents, and specialises in the design,

manufacturing, warehousing and JIT-distribution of an

array of animal nutrition specialty products.

It was a visit to Europe that propelled Fontaine into

launching his own feed additive business. After working

for a premix company post-graduation from university,

he took a trip on his own to investigate the additives

scenes in Belgium, France, Holland and Germany. A visit

to premix company, Sodial, in France was particularly

important. “When I realised the price difference between

feed additives in Europe and Canada, I quickly realised

there was a huge opportunity. I was very excited, but I

needed to find a way to get some capital to start

importing some products. My brother Michel was of

great help. He endorsed me for CAN$?20,000. He had a

veterinary clinic and laboratory.”

In particular, Mr Fontaine noticed a large cost difference

between Europe and Canada on phosphates and

bicarbonate, and he started to import these ingredients,

competing with established suppliers. “I wanted to help

the Canadian feed manufacturers and

premixers to be more competitive,” he

says. “Having worked for the premix

company as a buyer and nutritionist, I

was quite knowledgeable about

selecting ingredients. Having a degree

in nutrition always allowed me to

choose the right additive with good

judgement.”

After starting Jefo in 1982 and receiving

very positive customer feedback, Mr

Fontaine started to look for many more

alternatives to products being offered

by competing suppliers. “I opened our

borders for sourcing ingredients. In

1987, we started to promote the

concept of slow-release nutrients like

amino acids, essential oils, and 'bypass'

amino acids and vitamins for dairy.”

Firstly, on behalf of Think Grain

Think Feed, I would like to

congratulate you for the 35th

anniversary of the company. Could

you please share your thoughts

about the company history and how

you have seen the global feed

industry evolving over last decade?

JEFO has grown over any expectation. The need did not

seem necessary by any industry people, initially. We

forged our place and today, it is well recognized that

JEFO and its philosophy of putting closer suppliers and

customers was needed indeed.

The last 25 years for JEFO doing so much research and

breakthrough discovery in nutrition, allowed JEFO to

become a leader in the feed additive to replace drugs in

feed and protect the environment.

The first Challenge we face is to do more with less.

Improve nutrition effectiveness with always keeping the

health as a parallel is very important to maintain in

permanence. The other main challenge I see, is the

change in the market demand. Consumers are driven

by media and they request specific norms that impose

more challenges to the animal feed industry.

Understanding the behaviour of the micro flora in the

intestine of the animals, all bacterias have a

consumption of vitamins, amino acids, energy for their

growth and they produce toxines or other metabolic

excretions that are beneficial and negative to the

animal.

It is our task to understand and master these micro

organism.

All regulatory changes are established to protect the

consumers for a quality food. Any regulation is

requested to control the promises made by the

suppliers of food to the human. However, the labeling

requirements have been changing dramatically in the

last few years, and this may pose a major problem for

the competitive advantages of companies working on

innovating concepts. Some countries now require a

complete guaranteed analysis of all ingredients.

Companies now need to, in addition to a good

formulation, proprietary production processes to

guarantee their competitiveness in the market.

ASIA is evolving fast. there is a lot of researchers and a

lot of consumers. They can try more and more new

concept faster than we can in Canada for example. We

need to work with them closely for innovation. India has

Could you please share the challenges that are being

faced by Global livestock industry, the theme

around which discussions took place during last

year’s Industry Stakeholders’ Gathering organized

by the company?

In your view, what are the key trends which you

believe may have a big impact on the feed additives

industry moving forward?

Can you please throw some light on regulatory

changes and their implications upon the Global feed

industry?

How do you compare Asian market to developed

market? Where does India stand on the company

radar?

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 11 | Sep 2017 Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 11 | Sep 2017

Jean Fontaine, Jefo

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 11 | Sep 2017INTERVIEW Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 11 | Sep 2017

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the same attitude: curiosity and

innovation.

IT is all with the aim to do more with

less. For example in dairy cows, 5%

According to Markets & Markets

report, feed enzyme market growing

at a rate of 9.3% CAGR, is expected

to reach USD 1428 Million by 2022.

Your comment. What is the species

wise market share of Jefo Group and

also its strength which give the

company an edge over its

competitors?

better feed conversion will mean approx. 500,000 tons

of manure less/year for 1 million cows… Enzyme is the

future and their efficacy has to be monitored. JEFO with

their research station are very actively developping

solutions that will improve the efficacy of feeds.

INDIA is now in the target zone. We are making inroads

to choose the right partner there and share with them

our discoveries.

It is a huge market and they need better efficacy in

nutrition of their chickens and dairy.

What does Jefo look like in 10 years from now in

global and Indian market?

Bühler Insect Technology is to build first industrial plant

Fishery exports and Least Developed Countries

Bühler Insect Technology is to build its

first industrial plant to process black

soldier flies for animal nutrition

together with its partner Protix in the

Netherlands. Bühler will deliver the

technology, equipment, and process

know how for the rearing and

processing of the insects and the

feedstock preparation. Start of operation

is planned for the first half of 2018.

“With this first industrial insect protein

production plant we will make an

important step towards a more

sustainable global food and feed value

chain,” said Andreas Aepli, CEO of

Bühler Insect Technology.

Bühler notes that protein is an essential

component of nutrition for both

humans and animals, pointing out that

about 15% of daily energy intake

should be covered by protein, to build

and repair the cells that sustain life.

Agriculture produces roughly 525

million tonnes of plant protein a year,

the company says, found in corn, rice,

wheat, or soybeans. However, today's

protein production is not sustainable:

Only 25% of proteins land as vegetable

Fish is one of the world's most traded

food commodities and, with the global

population growing to an expected 9.7

billion people by 2050, demand for it fish

also expected to increase. That offers

valuable trade opportunities. In addition

to human consumption, industrial need

for fishery resources is projected to rise in

the coming decades due to growing

demand for fish oil and animal feed.

Wild catch alone will not sustain the

increase in demand for fish. There should

be deliberate actions by Least Developed

Countries (LDCs) to enhance aquaculture

development so as to meet the increase.

The UNCTAD study documents that, over

the last three decades, global aquaculture

production has tripled, growing at an

average annual rate of 8.3 per cent. In

2014, aquaculture constituted 46 per cent

of world fish production compared to 26

per cent in 1994.

The fisheries sector is also a viable

alternative to manufacturing as a source

of export-led growth. Developing

countries as a whole have substantially

increased their share in world fishery

exports, from 34.6 per cent in 1981 to 50.2

per cent in 2013. However, despite their

ample fish stocks, not many LDCs have

been able to follow suit, and their share in

global fish exports has only risen

marginally, from 1.6 to 3.5 per cent in the

same period. The work of UNCTAD reveals

that the fishery sector in LDCs remains

predominantly traditional or artisanal.

In its research, UNCTAD presents case

proteins on our plates, while 15% are wasted and 60%

are used to produce animal protein. Furthermore, with

the growing world population, protein production needs

to double by 2050, Bühler believes, saying that experts

agree this cannot be achieved using traditional farming

practices and resources, which is why alternative sources

for protein such insects or algae are becoming

increasingly important. Insects offer a sustainable

alternative: Grown on organic residues, they can recover

up to 70% of nutrients, thus recycling these

underutilized streams back to the food value chain.

In January 2017, Bühler and Protix founded the joint

venture Bühler Insect Technology to serve the insect

processing industry. Building the first black soldier fly

processing plant in Europe together is the next step in

this cooperation and will serve as a modular and

scalable blueprint for future projects.

The plant will be situated in the Netherlands and will

serve customers in the feed industry. With construction

starting this year, the plant is expected to be operational

in the first half of 2018. It will produce protein meal and

lipids that are used in the animal nutrition sector to feed

pigs, chicken, fish, and domestic animals. The black

soldier fly larvae are fed carefully selected organic

byproducts from local distilleries, food producers and

vegetable collectors in the Netherlands, which further

underlines the sustainability of the process.

Source: ingredientsnetwork

studies of six of the world's 47 LDCs — Bangladesh,

Cambodia, the Comoros , Mozambique, Myanmar and

Uganda — and identifies a series of supply-side and

demand-side challenges undermining the role of their

fishery sectors.

On the supply side, the main challenges are deficient

transportation and storage facilities; poor energy

infrastructure and high electricity costs; a lack of investment,

finance or credit for small operators; overfishing and

depletion of fish resources; water pollution; and a lack of

common fishery policies among countries that share water

resources.

On the demand side, LDC fish products face few or no tariff

barriers in developed country markets. However, the

biggest non-tariff trade barrier for producers and

processors from LDCs are the stringent quality and safety

standards systems imposed on fish products in major

overseas markets, instituted in the 1990s and 2000s.

The study argues that stringent public safety norms are

often compounded by further cumbersome private quality

and safety standards. The confluences of public and private

standards have effectively restricted access to major

importing markets for many LDC fishery exporters.

This is mainly due to the fact that standards are not

harmonized and are costly for LDCs to meet. It is also due

to structural problems in LDCs, including in processing

facilities and procurement methods, as well as a lack of

testing and certification of products throughout the value

chain.

The study provides policy conclusions and

recommendations aimed at helping LDCs to realize the full

development potential of their fisheries sectors, including

the provision of infrastructure, the improvement of

regulatory and institutional capacities, monitoring and

regulation of domestic fishing, and the harmonization of

international standards.

INDUSTRY NEWS IN

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 11 | Sep 2017INTERVIEW Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 11 | Sep 2017

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the same attitude: curiosity and

innovation.

IT is all with the aim to do more with

less. For example in dairy cows, 5%

According to Markets & Markets

report, feed enzyme market growing

at a rate of 9.3% CAGR, is expected

to reach USD 1428 Million by 2022.

Your comment. What is the species

wise market share of Jefo Group and

also its strength which give the

company an edge over its

competitors?

better feed conversion will mean approx. 500,000 tons

of manure less/year for 1 million cows… Enzyme is the

future and their efficacy has to be monitored. JEFO with

their research station are very actively developping

solutions that will improve the efficacy of feeds.

INDIA is now in the target zone. We are making inroads

to choose the right partner there and share with them

our discoveries.

It is a huge market and they need better efficacy in

nutrition of their chickens and dairy.

What does Jefo look like in 10 years from now in

global and Indian market?

Bühler Insect Technology is to build first industrial plant

Fishery exports and Least Developed Countries

Bühler Insect Technology is to build its

first industrial plant to process black

soldier flies for animal nutrition

together with its partner Protix in the

Netherlands. Bühler will deliver the

technology, equipment, and process

know how for the rearing and

processing of the insects and the

feedstock preparation. Start of operation

is planned for the first half of 2018.

“With this first industrial insect protein

production plant we will make an

important step towards a more

sustainable global food and feed value

chain,” said Andreas Aepli, CEO of

Bühler Insect Technology.

Bühler notes that protein is an essential

component of nutrition for both

humans and animals, pointing out that

about 15% of daily energy intake

should be covered by protein, to build

and repair the cells that sustain life.

Agriculture produces roughly 525

million tonnes of plant protein a year,

the company says, found in corn, rice,

wheat, or soybeans. However, today's

protein production is not sustainable:

Only 25% of proteins land as vegetable

Fish is one of the world's most traded

food commodities and, with the global

population growing to an expected 9.7

billion people by 2050, demand for it fish

also expected to increase. That offers

valuable trade opportunities. In addition

to human consumption, industrial need

for fishery resources is projected to rise in

the coming decades due to growing

demand for fish oil and animal feed.

Wild catch alone will not sustain the

increase in demand for fish. There should

be deliberate actions by Least Developed

Countries (LDCs) to enhance aquaculture

development so as to meet the increase.

The UNCTAD study documents that, over

the last three decades, global aquaculture

production has tripled, growing at an

average annual rate of 8.3 per cent. In

2014, aquaculture constituted 46 per cent

of world fish production compared to 26

per cent in 1994.

The fisheries sector is also a viable

alternative to manufacturing as a source

of export-led growth. Developing

countries as a whole have substantially

increased their share in world fishery

exports, from 34.6 per cent in 1981 to 50.2

per cent in 2013. However, despite their

ample fish stocks, not many LDCs have

been able to follow suit, and their share in

global fish exports has only risen

marginally, from 1.6 to 3.5 per cent in the

same period. The work of UNCTAD reveals

that the fishery sector in LDCs remains

predominantly traditional or artisanal.

In its research, UNCTAD presents case

proteins on our plates, while 15% are wasted and 60%

are used to produce animal protein. Furthermore, with

the growing world population, protein production needs

to double by 2050, Bühler believes, saying that experts

agree this cannot be achieved using traditional farming

practices and resources, which is why alternative sources

for protein such insects or algae are becoming

increasingly important. Insects offer a sustainable

alternative: Grown on organic residues, they can recover

up to 70% of nutrients, thus recycling these

underutilized streams back to the food value chain.

In January 2017, Bühler and Protix founded the joint

venture Bühler Insect Technology to serve the insect

processing industry. Building the first black soldier fly

processing plant in Europe together is the next step in

this cooperation and will serve as a modular and

scalable blueprint for future projects.

The plant will be situated in the Netherlands and will

serve customers in the feed industry. With construction

starting this year, the plant is expected to be operational

in the first half of 2018. It will produce protein meal and

lipids that are used in the animal nutrition sector to feed

pigs, chicken, fish, and domestic animals. The black

soldier fly larvae are fed carefully selected organic

byproducts from local distilleries, food producers and

vegetable collectors in the Netherlands, which further

underlines the sustainability of the process.

Source: ingredientsnetwork

studies of six of the world's 47 LDCs — Bangladesh,

Cambodia, the Comoros , Mozambique, Myanmar and

Uganda — and identifies a series of supply-side and

demand-side challenges undermining the role of their

fishery sectors.

On the supply side, the main challenges are deficient

transportation and storage facilities; poor energy

infrastructure and high electricity costs; a lack of investment,

finance or credit for small operators; overfishing and

depletion of fish resources; water pollution; and a lack of

common fishery policies among countries that share water

resources.

On the demand side, LDC fish products face few or no tariff

barriers in developed country markets. However, the

biggest non-tariff trade barrier for producers and

processors from LDCs are the stringent quality and safety

standards systems imposed on fish products in major

overseas markets, instituted in the 1990s and 2000s.

The study argues that stringent public safety norms are

often compounded by further cumbersome private quality

and safety standards. The confluences of public and private

standards have effectively restricted access to major

importing markets for many LDC fishery exporters.

This is mainly due to the fact that standards are not

harmonized and are costly for LDCs to meet. It is also due

to structural problems in LDCs, including in processing

facilities and procurement methods, as well as a lack of

testing and certification of products throughout the value

chain.

The study provides policy conclusions and

recommendations aimed at helping LDCs to realize the full

development potential of their fisheries sectors, including

the provision of infrastructure, the improvement of

regulatory and institutional capacities, monitoring and

regulation of domestic fishing, and the harmonization of

international standards.

INDUSTRY NEWS

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Grain chiller: the importance of technology for Feed industryPari Mamallan, GrainTechnik

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Feed is a mix of whole or processed

grains & concentrates for all species of

animals, which is now commercially

produced for livestock, poultry, and fish

industries. Corn is the major ingredient

in poultry feed whereas soybean meal

is for cattle feed. The price variation in

feed grain, makes grain storage an

important part of economical

production.

Various factors like demand, quality and

price fluctuation (of approx. 30%

between summer and winter crop),

require the feed producers to store

feed grains for a period of 3-8 months,

especially in India. The corn availability

in India usually is with high moisture

which needs to be dried to approx. 13%

M.C. by electrical, bio fuel or even by

sun drying for safe storage in silos.

Corn behavior in storage bins

Grains are hygroscopic in nature, it gain or lose

moisture, when the vapor pressure of water in the space

surrounding the grain is greater or lesser than the vapor

pressure exerted by the moisture within the grain. (Ref.

Hogan and Karon, 1955)

In simple terms, corn respires and hence releases heat &

moisture while respiration. Typical storage conditions in

a humid & hot tropical country can have ambient

temperatures in the range of 30-40 Deg C while corn

moisture content is 15%. These conditions may lead to

heat generation of about 1MJ/T per day which can

increase eventually. The heat generation causes drying

losses in the grain. In addition to that, insect infestation

is also a consequence of natural heat generation.

Dryers may not equalize variability; aeration by ambient

air may develop moisture variation among kernels.

Moisture variation results in shorter shelf life and bigger

storage risk.

As the shelf life of the corn is temperature dependent,

therefore, it is important to bring down the temperature

to 10-18 Deg C as soon as possible. A delay of a month

in the cooling process can substantially reduce the shelf

life and hence the grain is more prone to future

spoilage.

Molds in the grain are known to produce mycotoxins

under specific unsafe conditions of temperature and

humidity. An increase in CO2 can indicate unwanted

biological activity that is caused by fungus, insects or

other infestations in the grain.

Corn quality management

It is known that ambient temperature and relative

humidity influence the corn activity in the silo. Cooling

the grain by a grain chiller can simply put an end to

drying loss, insects and molds. The cooling is applied on

Imag

e S

ou

rce: F

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Grain chiller: the importance of technology for Feed industryPari Mamallan, GrainTechnik

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Feed is a mix of whole or processed

grains & concentrates for all species of

animals, which is now commercially

produced for livestock, poultry, and fish

industries. Corn is the major ingredient

in poultry feed whereas soybean meal

is for cattle feed. The price variation in

feed grain, makes grain storage an

important part of economical

production.

Various factors like demand, quality and

price fluctuation (of approx. 30%

between summer and winter crop),

require the feed producers to store

feed grains for a period of 3-8 months,

especially in India. The corn availability

in India usually is with high moisture

which needs to be dried to approx. 13%

M.C. by electrical, bio fuel or even by

sun drying for safe storage in silos.

Corn behavior in storage bins

Grains are hygroscopic in nature, it gain or lose

moisture, when the vapor pressure of water in the space

surrounding the grain is greater or lesser than the vapor

pressure exerted by the moisture within the grain. (Ref.

Hogan and Karon, 1955)

In simple terms, corn respires and hence releases heat &

moisture while respiration. Typical storage conditions in

a humid & hot tropical country can have ambient

temperatures in the range of 30-40 Deg C while corn

moisture content is 15%. These conditions may lead to

heat generation of about 1MJ/T per day which can

increase eventually. The heat generation causes drying

losses in the grain. In addition to that, insect infestation

is also a consequence of natural heat generation.

Dryers may not equalize variability; aeration by ambient

air may develop moisture variation among kernels.

Moisture variation results in shorter shelf life and bigger

storage risk.

As the shelf life of the corn is temperature dependent,

therefore, it is important to bring down the temperature

to 10-18 Deg C as soon as possible. A delay of a month

in the cooling process can substantially reduce the shelf

life and hence the grain is more prone to future

spoilage.

Molds in the grain are known to produce mycotoxins

under specific unsafe conditions of temperature and

humidity. An increase in CO2 can indicate unwanted

biological activity that is caused by fungus, insects or

other infestations in the grain.

Corn quality management

It is known that ambient temperature and relative

humidity influence the corn activity in the silo. Cooling

the grain by a grain chiller can simply put an end to

drying loss, insects and molds. The cooling is applied on

Imag

e S

ou

rce: F

rig

orT

ec

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18


Tel :+74952871354

the basis of Sorption isotherms of corn.

The chiller will produce a uniform

temperature and relative humidity

irrespective of the ambient conditions.

The chiller by default, dehumidifies the

cold air depending on the pre-set

temperature..

The cooled air is distributed in the

silo/flat storage through a duct system

in the bottom of the silo/flat storage.

As the cooled/conditioned air moves

up through the grain mass, the

temperature in the grain is reduced,

eventually reaching the set value. Grain

being an excellent insulator, once

cooled to a low temperature, will

remain cool for a substantial time

period. Even at peak summer, the

radiations will heat up the surface of

the silo but grain close to the silo wall

will act as an insulator.

Since corn is dried before storage, the

final drying can be an expensive affair

(reducing moisture content from 16%

to 15%). Heat drying is also harsh to

grain. By using grain chilling, partial

drying is possible, through cold

dehumidified air which is more

economical and gentle to the grain. The

advantage is the grain coming out of

the dryer at a higher moisture content,

and then 1-2% of moisture is lost in the

cooling process. The drying effect

varies with the moisture content of the

grain. With more moisture, the drying

effect is up to 2% and below 14%

moisture content, drying effect is 0.2%.

The chart below illustrates chances of

mold formation are highest at

temperature above 25 Deg C & with grain moisture

level of ~15%. If the ambient RH value is high, through

aeration, the grain would get further moist and lead to

infestation & mold formation. By cooling the grain,

storing at even moisture level of 16% becomes risk free.

The grain chilled raw material corn will have the same

harvest freshness and shape, eventually leading to

improved milling performance.

Grain chilling proves to be a strong value addition tool

for the feed pellet. During pelletisation, the

conventional cooling from the ambient air is not

sufficient to achieve the complete cooling of the core

pellet. This results in higher risk of stress cracks, making

it prone to powdery surface. By preservation cooling,

the pellets is cooled to the core and hardened. The end-

product is easy to transport and ideal for bird and

animal consumption.

Aeration in silos in tropical countries

Aeration uses ambient air which is not a solution. The

ability of that air to reduce the heat is limited under

tropical & desert conditions, where the ambient

temperature is higher. Secondly, relative humidity is

higher in tropical zone which leads in moisturizing the

grain. The air is only able to take the excess heat from

the grain which is above ambient temperature. Also,

there is a risk of moisture migration in the grain silo

which leads to mold formation. Therefore, the

temperature of the bulk grain remains relative higher

which results in high dry matter loss (weight loss) of

carbohydrates and water accumulation in the grain

mass.

Conclusions

Cooling the maize immediately (after harvest?) is the

key for conserving the freshness and quantity. The corn

shape is maintained till it is unloaded. By combination of

drying and grain cooling, 30% of power cost can be

saved. In case, a feed mill is just using a processing silo

and not for storage, even then grain used within 2

months' time also needs be cooled to avoid unhygienic

perspective. There is no need of insulation for the silo if

grain is chilled using grain chiller. It requires only 3

weeks of running of unit for archiving achieving the set

temperature inside the silo. The cooled maize will

remain cooler for longer duration which is also free from

insects and molds. The feed producer need not to use

any chemical/fumigation inside the silo bins. It is true

the insects developed immunity towards fumigation and

even fumigation can never be a success as the gas

cannot penetrate into the entire silo. Whereas the grain

chiller can cool the complete bulk in the silo bins. The

end quality of the feed pellet is free from mycotoxins

and fine finish (no stress cracks on the pellet). Therefore,

cooling corn before processing and cooling feed pellet

will give better out come in quality as well as quantity.For further information about the technology, please contact

[email protected]

18

17

16

15

14

13

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

% o

f M

ois

ture

at

Bin

nin

g

Fewer days

Safe Storage

0Temp C at Binning

Grain Technik Pvt. Ltd.

Chart of fungus infestation related spoilage depending on graintemperate binning and Moisture binning

ARTICLE

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18


Tel :+74952871354

the basis of Sorption isotherms of corn.

The chiller will produce a uniform

temperature and relative humidity

irrespective of the ambient conditions.

The chiller by default, dehumidifies the

cold air depending on the pre-set

temperature..

The cooled air is distributed in the

silo/flat storage through a duct system

in the bottom of the silo/flat storage.

As the cooled/conditioned air moves

up through the grain mass, the

temperature in the grain is reduced,

eventually reaching the set value. Grain

being an excellent insulator, once

cooled to a low temperature, will

remain cool for a substantial time

period. Even at peak summer, the

radiations will heat up the surface of

the silo but grain close to the silo wall

will act as an insulator.

Since corn is dried before storage, the

final drying can be an expensive affair

(reducing moisture content from 16%

to 15%). Heat drying is also harsh to

grain. By using grain chilling, partial

drying is possible, through cold

dehumidified air which is more

economical and gentle to the grain. The

advantage is the grain coming out of

the dryer at a higher moisture content,

and then 1-2% of moisture is lost in the

cooling process. The drying effect

varies with the moisture content of the

grain. With more moisture, the drying

effect is up to 2% and below 14%

moisture content, drying effect is 0.2%.

The chart below illustrates chances of

mold formation are highest at

temperature above 25 Deg C & with grain moisture

level of ~15%. If the ambient RH value is high, through

aeration, the grain would get further moist and lead to

infestation & mold formation. By cooling the grain,

storing at even moisture level of 16% becomes risk free.

The grain chilled raw material corn will have the same

harvest freshness and shape, eventually leading to

improved milling performance.

Grain chilling proves to be a strong value addition tool

for the feed pellet. During pelletisation, the

conventional cooling from the ambient air is not

sufficient to achieve the complete cooling of the core

pellet. This results in higher risk of stress cracks, making

it prone to powdery surface. By preservation cooling,

the pellets is cooled to the core and hardened. The end-

product is easy to transport and ideal for bird and

animal consumption.

Aeration in silos in tropical countries

Aeration uses ambient air which is not a solution. The

ability of that air to reduce the heat is limited under

tropical & desert conditions, where the ambient

temperature is higher. Secondly, relative humidity is

higher in tropical zone which leads in moisturizing the

grain. The air is only able to take the excess heat from

the grain which is above ambient temperature. Also,

there is a risk of moisture migration in the grain silo

which leads to mold formation. Therefore, the

temperature of the bulk grain remains relative higher

which results in high dry matter loss (weight loss) of

carbohydrates and water accumulation in the grain

mass.

Conclusions

Cooling the maize immediately (after harvest?) is the

key for conserving the freshness and quantity. The corn

shape is maintained till it is unloaded. By combination of

drying and grain cooling, 30% of power cost can be

saved. In case, a feed mill is just using a processing silo

and not for storage, even then grain used within 2

months' time also needs be cooled to avoid unhygienic

perspective. There is no need of insulation for the silo if

grain is chilled using grain chiller. It requires only 3

weeks of running of unit for archiving achieving the set

temperature inside the silo. The cooled maize will

remain cooler for longer duration which is also free from

insects and molds. The feed producer need not to use

any chemical/fumigation inside the silo bins. It is true

the insects developed immunity towards fumigation and

even fumigation can never be a success as the gas

cannot penetrate into the entire silo. Whereas the grain

chiller can cool the complete bulk in the silo bins. The

end quality of the feed pellet is free from mycotoxins

and fine finish (no stress cracks on the pellet). Therefore,

cooling corn before processing and cooling feed pellet

will give better out come in quality as well as quantity.For further information about the technology, please contact

[email protected]

18

17

16

15

14

13

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

% o

f M

ois

ture

at

Bin

nin

g

Fewer days

Safe Storage

0Temp C at Binning

Grain Technik Pvt. Ltd.

Chart of fungus infestation related spoilage depending on graintemperate binning and Moisture binning

ARTICLE w

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 11 | Sep 2017Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 11 | Sep 2017

Despite worldwide milk prices

remaining at low levels over the last

few years, demand for dairy products

has held steady, especially in many

South Asian countries. Now that prices

are returning to higher levels,

producers have an opportunity to

achieve better profits by increasing the

level of production. Good rumen

health, quality feedstuffs and

appropriate management practices can

all help ensure that cows have the

energy they need to support increased

milk production.

Energy is the key

The secret of efficient milk production

relies on satisfying cow requirements.

Cow comfort, proper management and

adequate nutrition will pay back

producers with robust fertility,

consistent milk output and minimal

incidence of health problems. Each of

these depends directly or indirectly on

the cow's energy status.

A positive energy balance relies on

feedstuffs of the appropriate quantity and quality, along

with the type of environment and good management of

critical phases like dry and transition periods. Energy

demands can in fact rise, based on climate, walking

distances inside the farm, adequate space at the feed

bunk and animal density.

However, it is undoubted, that feed quality and its

utilisation by dairy cows play main role in cow energy

balance.

Ruminants are special

From the cow's perspective, the energy issue is not

primarily related to milk production but rather to her

very survival.

Cows naturally produce milk to feed their calves.

However, in the case of an energy gap, they will first

discontinue reproduction, followed by reduction or total

discontinuation of milk production, just in the attempt

to improve the likelihood of their own survival.

This explains why fertility and milk production fall when

a cow's energy demands are not satisfied. Nowadays,

this situation is becoming more and more dramatic, as

genetic selection in favour of increasingly productive

animals results in animals which can produce more milk,

but with higher management and nutrition

Energy: the key factor for efficient milk production

requirements—particularly in terms of

energy and protein.

It is safe to assume that cows are often

in negative energy balance –expending

more energy than is consumed—

especially during early part of lactation.

While it is relatively easy to fulfil

protein requirements by optimising the

amino acids profile at the intestinal

level, satisfying the energy requirement

of a cow is a real challenge.

Cows, being ruminants, are very special

animals. Their diet composition needs

to contain a minimum amount of fibre

to ensure proper health and to avoid

diseases such as acidosis.

Unfortunately, fibre does not provide

them the same amount of energy as

other feedstuffs e.g. grains, sugars or

fats.

Ruminants rely on the rumen, a special

part of their gastrointestinal tract, for

around 70% of their energy. More

precisely, energy is produced through

the fermentation of feedstuffs by

rumen microflora, a complex ecosystem

made of bacteria, fungi and protozoa.

Working in synergy to ensure their

growth, rumen bacteria produce large

quantities of volatile fatty acids (VFAs),

as by-products of their metabolic activities, and these

VFAs are the main source of energy for the cow.

To ensure a healthy population of microorganisms, we

need to provide grains which are the main energy

source for bacteria and fibre to stimulate rumen

motility, rumination and saliva production—activities

that are necessary to keep animals healthy.

Feedstuff quality

How is it possible to improve rumen function and fulfil a

cow's energy demands?

First, we need to enhance fibre digestion. Fibre occupies

a certain amount of space in the rumen, but is less

fermentable and has a lower energy production

capacity than grains.

One suggestion is to use forages with high fibre

digestibility and to feed them especially to transition

and first lactation animals, as they have a higher energy

demand. In addition, good quality fermented silage and

mould-free forages will favour intake and sustain rumen

fermentations.

Considering grains and by-products, we need to be

generous with them in order to cover the space

remaining in the rumen after having satisfied the fibre

requirements. A cow producing 32 kg of milk with a

feed intake of 22 kg of dry matter should be fed at least

6 kg of starch and 1.2 kg of sugar depending on the

quality of forages. This corresponds roughly to 20 kg of

corn silage and 7 kg of ground corn plus 0.7 kg of

molasses.

Quality feedstuffs should not have anti-nutritional

factors, e.g. mycotoxins, that can make energy

production less efficient. Mycotoxins reduce feed

quality.

During the 2016 BIOMIN World Nutrition Forum,

experts reported that mycotoxin contamination can

reduce the quality and nutritive value of feedstuffs.

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi and

mould that widely contaminate grains, forages and

silages. They exert a negative effect on a cow's health,

fertility, rumen microorganisms and rumen function.

In recent research conducted in South Asia, Kiyothong

et al. (2012) showed that feeding dairy cows a total

mixed ration (TMR) naturally contaminated with

multiple mycotoxins, can reduce the rumen bacterial

population, as well as protozoa and fungi. This

translated into a reduction in volatile fatty acids, leaving

less energy available for the cows. The application of a

mycotoxin deactivating feed additive was able to

resolve the situation and increase milk production and

fat percentage.

Conclusions on rumen health

The rumen is the main organ of energy production in

cattle and the quantity of outputs depends on

Paolo Fantinati, BIOMIN

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 11 | Sep 2017Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 11 | Sep 2017

Despite worldwide milk prices

remaining at low levels over the last

few years, demand for dairy products

has held steady, especially in many

South Asian countries. Now that prices

are returning to higher levels,

producers have an opportunity to

achieve better profits by increasing the

level of production. Good rumen

health, quality feedstuffs and

appropriate management practices can

all help ensure that cows have the

energy they need to support increased

milk production.

Energy is the key

The secret of efficient milk production

relies on satisfying cow requirements.

Cow comfort, proper management and

adequate nutrition will pay back

producers with robust fertility,

consistent milk output and minimal

incidence of health problems. Each of

these depends directly or indirectly on

the cow's energy status.

A positive energy balance relies on

feedstuffs of the appropriate quantity and quality, along

with the type of environment and good management of

critical phases like dry and transition periods. Energy

demands can in fact rise, based on climate, walking

distances inside the farm, adequate space at the feed

bunk and animal density.

However, it is undoubted, that feed quality and its

utilisation by dairy cows play main role in cow energy

balance.

Ruminants are special

From the cow's perspective, the energy issue is not

primarily related to milk production but rather to her

very survival.

Cows naturally produce milk to feed their calves.

However, in the case of an energy gap, they will first

discontinue reproduction, followed by reduction or total

discontinuation of milk production, just in the attempt

to improve the likelihood of their own survival.

This explains why fertility and milk production fall when

a cow's energy demands are not satisfied. Nowadays,

this situation is becoming more and more dramatic, as

genetic selection in favour of increasingly productive

animals results in animals which can produce more milk,

but with higher management and nutrition

Energy: the key factor for efficient milk production

requirements—particularly in terms of

energy and protein.

It is safe to assume that cows are often

in negative energy balance –expending

more energy than is consumed—

especially during early part of lactation.

While it is relatively easy to fulfil

protein requirements by optimising the

amino acids profile at the intestinal

level, satisfying the energy requirement

of a cow is a real challenge.

Cows, being ruminants, are very special

animals. Their diet composition needs

to contain a minimum amount of fibre

to ensure proper health and to avoid

diseases such as acidosis.

Unfortunately, fibre does not provide

them the same amount of energy as

other feedstuffs e.g. grains, sugars or

fats.

Ruminants rely on the rumen, a special

part of their gastrointestinal tract, for

around 70% of their energy. More

precisely, energy is produced through

the fermentation of feedstuffs by

rumen microflora, a complex ecosystem

made of bacteria, fungi and protozoa.

Working in synergy to ensure their

growth, rumen bacteria produce large

quantities of volatile fatty acids (VFAs),

as by-products of their metabolic activities, and these

VFAs are the main source of energy for the cow.

To ensure a healthy population of microorganisms, we

need to provide grains which are the main energy

source for bacteria and fibre to stimulate rumen

motility, rumination and saliva production—activities

that are necessary to keep animals healthy.

Feedstuff quality

How is it possible to improve rumen function and fulfil a

cow's energy demands?

First, we need to enhance fibre digestion. Fibre occupies

a certain amount of space in the rumen, but is less

fermentable and has a lower energy production

capacity than grains.

One suggestion is to use forages with high fibre

digestibility and to feed them especially to transition

and first lactation animals, as they have a higher energy

demand. In addition, good quality fermented silage and

mould-free forages will favour intake and sustain rumen

fermentations.

Considering grains and by-products, we need to be

generous with them in order to cover the space

remaining in the rumen after having satisfied the fibre

requirements. A cow producing 32 kg of milk with a

feed intake of 22 kg of dry matter should be fed at least

6 kg of starch and 1.2 kg of sugar depending on the

quality of forages. This corresponds roughly to 20 kg of

corn silage and 7 kg of ground corn plus 0.7 kg of

molasses.

Quality feedstuffs should not have anti-nutritional

factors, e.g. mycotoxins, that can make energy

production less efficient. Mycotoxins reduce feed

quality.

During the 2016 BIOMIN World Nutrition Forum,

experts reported that mycotoxin contamination can

reduce the quality and nutritive value of feedstuffs.

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi and

mould that widely contaminate grains, forages and

silages. They exert a negative effect on a cow's health,

fertility, rumen microorganisms and rumen function.

In recent research conducted in South Asia, Kiyothong

et al. (2012) showed that feeding dairy cows a total

mixed ration (TMR) naturally contaminated with

multiple mycotoxins, can reduce the rumen bacterial

population, as well as protozoa and fungi. This

translated into a reduction in volatile fatty acids, leaving

less energy available for the cows. The application of a

mycotoxin deactivating feed additive was able to

resolve the situation and increase milk production and

fat percentage.

Conclusions on rumen health

The rumen is the main organ of energy production in

cattle and the quantity of outputs depends on

Paolo Fantinati, BIOMIN

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GMP+ International partners with ChinaBFIA represents feed companies (Feed

Ingredients, Mixed Feeds) in the Beijing

province, China. Many of its members

are focused on export of feed

ingredients worldwide. It was founded

in 1986, as a non-profit organization.

BFIA has six professional committees

serving for the government, more than

100 members, including livestock, feed

and feed additive manufacturers,

ingredient suppliers, equipment

manufacturers and companies that supply other

products, services and supplies to feed manufacturers.

As a key segment of the animal production chain, BFIA

has close contact with their members and government

authorities. BFIA has close contact with their members

and government authorities. They also support

members on legislation and regulations of sustainable

development program including feed safety assurance

through promotion and clarification.

GMP+ International manages the international GMP+

Feed Certification scheme with the GMP+ Feed Safety

Assurance (GMP+ FSA) module. At this moment, more

than 16,600 companies located in 80 countries are

already GMP+ FSA certified worldwide. GMP+

International aims to provide an international platform

on feed safety assurance and to facilitate feed

companies regarding feed safety assurance. For that

reason GMP+ International continuously seeks

involvement and support of stakeholders in the feed

and following animal production chain through

partnership with trade associations and food

companies; and it appreciates BFIA's partnership very

much. In China, almost 100 Chinese feed (ingredient)

suppliers are GMP+ FSA certified.

BFIA and GMP+ International aim to support application

of proper feed safety assurance by BFIA's members in

accordance with the international standard. They

support international and domestic marketing and

promotions in the interest of Chinese companies and

also to work with long term sustainable programs.

In 2016,the China feed industry was continually on

production restructuring. Although the number of the

feed and feed additives enterprises in China was down

from 13,236 in 2015 to 11,627 in 2016, the production

of feed still has an increased by 4.5% and reached at

209.18 million tons compared with 2015. Now, China

feed industrial system is getting more mature and

efficient. Maturation is also about getting more focus on

ensuring the safety of feed production for production of

safe animal products for consumers.

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feedstuffs' quality, rumen health and

microbial balance.

A healthy rumen will be able to

squeeze more energy from both

forages and grains, giving more values

to feedstuffs (silages and hays)

prepared by farmers and to

concentrates offered by feed millers.

For this reason, there is the need to

optimise rumen function to keep

rumen microbiota healthy. Key actions are to avoid

drops in rumen pH, to favour beneficial bacteria growth

and to avoid any poisoning substance such as

mycotoxins.

Bunk management (proper and homogeneous mixing,

adequate fibre particle size, proper humidity) is

fundamental for rumen equilibrium. Also, stimulating

rumen bacteria with proper prebiotic strategy (like with

autolyzed yeasts) can ensure a better rumen

environment, a more controlled pH and a higher energy

output.

ARTICLE IN

DU

STRY

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GMP+ International partners with ChinaBFIA represents feed companies (Feed

Ingredients, Mixed Feeds) in the Beijing

province, China. Many of its members

are focused on export of feed

ingredients worldwide. It was founded

in 1986, as a non-profit organization.

BFIA has six professional committees

serving for the government, more than

100 members, including livestock, feed

and feed additive manufacturers,

ingredient suppliers, equipment

manufacturers and companies that supply other

products, services and supplies to feed manufacturers.

As a key segment of the animal production chain, BFIA

has close contact with their members and government

authorities. BFIA has close contact with their members

and government authorities. They also support

members on legislation and regulations of sustainable

development program including feed safety assurance

through promotion and clarification.

GMP+ International manages the international GMP+

Feed Certification scheme with the GMP+ Feed Safety

Assurance (GMP+ FSA) module. At this moment, more

than 16,600 companies located in 80 countries are

already GMP+ FSA certified worldwide. GMP+

International aims to provide an international platform

on feed safety assurance and to facilitate feed

companies regarding feed safety assurance. For that

reason GMP+ International continuously seeks

involvement and support of stakeholders in the feed

and following animal production chain through

partnership with trade associations and food

companies; and it appreciates BFIA's partnership very

much. In China, almost 100 Chinese feed (ingredient)

suppliers are GMP+ FSA certified.

BFIA and GMP+ International aim to support application

of proper feed safety assurance by BFIA's members in

accordance with the international standard. They

support international and domestic marketing and

promotions in the interest of Chinese companies and

also to work with long term sustainable programs.

In 2016,the China feed industry was continually on

production restructuring. Although the number of the

feed and feed additives enterprises in China was down

from 13,236 in 2015 to 11,627 in 2016, the production

of feed still has an increased by 4.5% and reached at

209.18 million tons compared with 2015. Now, China

feed industrial system is getting more mature and

efficient. Maturation is also about getting more focus on

ensuring the safety of feed production for production of

safe animal products for consumers.

ww

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feedstuffs' quality, rumen health and

microbial balance.

A healthy rumen will be able to

squeeze more energy from both

forages and grains, giving more values

to feedstuffs (silages and hays)

prepared by farmers and to

concentrates offered by feed millers.

For this reason, there is the need to

optimise rumen function to keep

rumen microbiota healthy. Key actions are to avoid

drops in rumen pH, to favour beneficial bacteria growth

and to avoid any poisoning substance such as

mycotoxins.

Bunk management (proper and homogeneous mixing,

adequate fibre particle size, proper humidity) is

fundamental for rumen equilibrium. Also, stimulating

rumen bacteria with proper prebiotic strategy (like with

autolyzed yeasts) can ensure a better rumen

environment, a more controlled pH and a higher energy

output.

ARTICLE

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UST

RY

NEW

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INDUSTRY NEWS Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 11 | Sep 2017

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GM Crops: only facts based decision can pave the way in IndiaIt is said that for those who believe, no

proof is needed, and for those who do

not, no proof is possible. Into which

category should one slot a

parliamentary committee, chaired by

Congress MP Renuka Chowdhury, on

“genetically modified crops and their

impact on environment”? Six institutes

of the Indian Council of Agricultural

Research (ICAR) told the committee

that their research showed that the sole

GM crop approved for large-scale

cultivation in India, that is, Bt cotton

which has the bollworm-killing Cry 1Ac

gene and a variant, implanted in it from

a soil bacterium, is safe on the basis of

animals fed with its leaves and oilcake.

The Central Avian Research Institute at

Izatnagar in Bareilly, said it had fed Bt

cotton, Bt brinjal, transgenic corn and

Bt rice to broiler chicken of up to 42

days from nine years from 2003 to

2011. It said the response in terms of

body-weight gain, feed intake, feed-

conversion efficiency, immune

response, carcass attributes and organ

yield for both GM crops and non-GM

crops was similar.

The Central Sheep and Wool Research

Institute at Avikanagar in Rajasthan conducted a study.

They found no difference in the growth performance of

lambs that were given feed containing Bt cottonseed

and conventional cottonseed.

The Indian Veterinary Research Institute also at

Izatnagar studied goats fed with Bt cottonseed. On

post-mortem examination, none of the goats—whether

fed on Bt cottonseed or non-transgenic cottonseed

showed lesions of toxicity. The share of this mixture in

total feed intake was 25% and the animals were fed the

diet for 90 days.

The National Dairy Research Institute at Karnal in

Haryana conducted a study for four weeks on cows to

see the side effects of the toxic transgenes in Bt cotton

and their absorption in milk. Cows in both the control

and non-control groups improved their body weight

during the study period and the weight gain was similar.

CICR carried out a field study involving a team of

scientists for two years (2007-2009) by tethering six

goats in one hectare of Bt cotton and one hectare of

conventional cotton. They were fed continuously on the

crops for four months and there were no differences in

any biological aspects of the two sets of animals.

The Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai

conducted a “systematic study” with Bt cottonseed as a

feed for fish common carp.

On this basis, and the literature on the subject, ICAR

told the committee it had drawn the following

conclusions on the impact of GM crops

on animal health:

(a) More than two decades of proven

history indicates safe use of GM crops

as feed to animals.

(b) Scientific methods used for the

assessment of the safety of GM crops

as food and feed are harmonized

globally over the years.

(c) Bt cotton, Bt brinjal and GM mustard

assessed by Indian regulators has

proved to be safe as feed to animals.

(d) No deleterious effect of GM plants

approved for animal feed has been

described.

(e) Gene constructs used for creating

insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant

plants tested by appropriate bio-

molecular methods are safe for animal

feeds.

(f) Methods used for safety assessment

and recommendations of new plants for

use as animal feed are appropriate for

detection of any ill-effect on animal

health and performance.

(g) The absence of recombinant DNA,

either as whole gene or gene fragment

in animal products, milk, meat and eggs

was confirmed in the results of 12

publications, based on several hundred

samples.

But the parliamentary committee is not

convinced. It notes that feeding trials of Bt cotton on

some animals have been of very short duration. It is

surprised that these trials were conducted “on a very

limited number of animals” when they should have been

done on a large number of animals and over “at least 2-

3 generations”. The committee is also “wary of the

methodology” opted by ICAR for conducting these

trials.

Once the safety of Bt cotton on animal health is

established, the technology should be recommended to

farmers through a package of practices.

The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC)

has declared that the GM mustard hybrid, DMH-11, is

safe for cultivation and recommended to the

government in May that it should be allowed for

commercial cultivation, when the Supreme Court is yet

to decide on the matter. The committee ignores the

reasons given by the GEAC.

It ignores that fact that GEAC had consulted all

stakeholders before advising the government. The

committee recommends a thorough “consultation with

the concerned government agencies, experts,

environmentalists, civil society, and other stakeholders

so that the nation is very clear about all its probable

impacts before taking a call in the matter”. This is what

happens when fact-finding committees turn fault-

finding ones. Source : Financial Express

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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 11 | Sep 2017EVENT COVERAGE Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 11 | Sep 2017

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The 6th Annual General Body

meeting of INFAH held recently in

Mumbai, was attended by close to

100 industry colleagues

representing Indian Animal Health

&Nutrition Industry.

Dr. D.K Dey , Vice President-INFAH,

expressed in the welcome note that

the role of INFAH has become more

significant to meet the new

challenges, adopt new culture and

practices, be more proactive towards

our role in policy making decisions

and overall creating new opportunity

for sustainable growth by adopting

best professional and ethical

practices.

Dr. Arun Atrey , President-INFAH,

appreciated the support of all

members of INFAH to create some

new milestones which would give a

new direction to its future growth.

INFAHs initiatives has resulted in

FDCs, mention of withdrawal periods

of products labels, scientific representation of AMR

issues, Nil GST on Feed Supplements, High Visibility

of INFAH at GAHC in collaboration with HFA.

"The Growth of any Industry is linked with the quality

and availability of the desired talent. It's essential

that we continue to make our industry lucrative for

the scientist community. The Sub Committee on

Human Resources has already started working in

spreading the awareness regarding the Industry", he

added.

"Animal Health being a unique area, it's possible that

our requirements in terms of the drug laws and

practices could be different. We need to continue to

have a dialogue with Scientists and regulators to

work towards creating the best possible practices for

the Industry which can be scientifically as well as

commercially justified", he said.

This was followed by an insightful presentation on

Status Update with respect to Goods & Service Tax

(GST) representations by INFAH & its outcome was

made by Mr. Satish Pasrija (Past President &

Chairman Sub Committee on Feed Supplements).

Key discussions at 6th AGM of INFAH

Exemption of GST on Animal Feed

Supplements/ Animal Feed Additive

Including DCP is accomplished due

to well-coordinated efforts of INFAH .

Mr. Vijay Teng , General Secretary-

INFAH emphasized that the journey

of INFAH will always remain

challenging due to ever changing

regulatory environment and

continual demand for cost effective

solutions.

During the AGM, few insightful

presentations were also made by

Guest Speakers. Mr. Jayesh Udeshi, Company

Secretary, Virbac India emphasized that becoming a

company director has become a very serious

business and should not be undertaken lightly or

unadvisedly.

Shri R. S. Sodhi Managing Director, GCMFF (AMUL),

shared rich insights on Indian Dairy Industry,

Opportunities for Animal Health Industry, Major

Hurdles/Road Blocks of Dairy Industry which may be

the opportunities for animal Health Industry,

Possible Opportunities for animal health Industry,

Breeding and feeding are the major and valuable

inputs of dairy husbandry.

Mr.Sunil Madhok, Strategy Consultant, & Ex-Director

of Pfizer India, highlighted that India ranks 1st in

Milk Production, 3rd largest in production of Poultry

Eggs, ranks 5th largest in production of Poultry Meat

yet India Animal Health Market is 1.6% of Global

Market. The GAP between being leading Dairy &

Poultry Producer vs. the size of the Animal Health

Market reflects an element of the existing potential

to expand the market.

Dr. P.G. Phalke, Treasurer-INFAH conducted the AGM

proceedings.

On the occasion of the 6th AGM, INFAH Recognized

the contribution of individuals towards development

of AH sector in the form of “INFAH Award”.

The awards were presented to Dr. Vilas Adhikari for

his exemplary contribution to society at large and

Animal Health Industry in particular. The INFAH

awards were presented to Mr. Ravindra. Kumar

Agrawal(Visionary& Founder of Natural Remedies)

for his exemplary contribution to society at large and

Animal Health Industry in particular. The INFAH

awards were presented to Mr. Sushil Agrawal,

Chairman-Indian Herbs For his exemplary

contribution to society at large and Animal Health

Industry in particular.

Dr. Vijay Makhija proposed vote of thanks.

"China feels sorry that the United

States has given up on continuing

negotiations to resolve this case,"

said spokesman Gao Feng. Beijing's

first official response to the U.S.

request to the World Trade

Organization.

The U.S. government requested a

WTO panel be set up to investigate

Chinese tariff-rate-quotas (TRQs) for

wheat, rice and corn, the trade body said recently.

The U.S. Trade Representative said as early as

December that China - the world's biggest grains

market - did not maximise its used of TRQs even

though global prices of the three commodities were

lower than its domestic prices.

China said its tariff-rate system was in line with its

commitments to the WTO and the relevant rules,

according to the ministry spokesman.Source: Reuters

China reaction to U.S. on grain import quota dispute

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INDUSTRY NEWS Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 11 | Sep 2017

Soya: High carryover stock may save the day for crushing industry Good August rains, along with record

carryover stock of soyabean from last

year's crop, may help ease pricing

pressures for the crushing industry and

boost exports.

Trade has estimated a carryover stock of

1.5-2 million tonnes, based on the crop

size of 11.5 million tonnes in 2016-17.

Higher carryover stock may help the

crushing industry with availability of seeds,

thereby containing a possible bullish price

trend emanating from lower acreage.

A sluggish beginning of sowing in the

ongoing kharif season caused loss of

acreage. Weather uncertainty also hit the

crop. This prompted experts to estimate

lower soyabean production for 2017-18;

however, initial estimates will take some

time as rains continue to lash growing

regions in several States.

Davish Jain, President, Soyabean

Processors Association of India (SOPA),

highlighted the key concerns troubling

growers, traders and exporters.

Weather pattern

“The August rains came at a crucial time

of plant growth. But concerns still remain.

The acreage has already gone down and

the weather pattern is not as good as it

was last year. So production will take a hit.

But the silver lining is that we will have a

carryover stock of 1.5-2 million tonnes,

which will not squeeze the availability of

seeds for crushing,” he said.

The area coverage under soyabean, as on August 25, was

down 7.3 per cent at 104.9 lakh hectares, compared to 113

lakh hectares at the same period last year. According to

SOPA, arrivals of soyabean were at 74 lakh tonnes (lt) in

October-July, up from 54.5 lt a year ago, while stocks with

farmers are at 30.9 lt, up from 796,000 tonnes a year ago.

However, there is widespread concern among the industry

players about losing export competitiveness due to costlier

domestic production. According to sources, Indian

soyameal is currently $30-50 per tonne costlier in the

international market. Addressing the farmers' concerns, the

government increased MSP on soyabean for the 2017-18

crop year to Rs. 3,050/quintal from Rs. 2,775/quintal last

year.

Further, while a reduction in sowing area will dent

production, soyabean prices may not escalate thanks to a

huge carryover stock. “Farmers always anticipate better

prices. Several farmers are now holding last year's stock.

More than 2 million tonnes is being carried forward. This

will offset the drop in production,” said Rajesh Agarwal,

former president of SOPA.

According to Agarwal, excess availability will help crushing

with better price parity. “The crushing industry is in a dire

state. Many units are either not operational or running at

lower capacity. Crushing couldn't take place because of

higher domestic prices and lower global market,” he added.

Angel Commodities, a brokerage house, noted that the

most active soyabean futures contract for October delivery

on NCDEX may have its largest weekly loss in more than 16

months due to weak physical demand on rising input costs.

On NCDEX, soyabean futures fell more than Rs. 195, or 6

per cent, during the week to trade at Rs. 3,082/quintal.

Source: Business Line

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2017-18

To list any industry event related to Grain & Feed industry please write us at

[email protected]

SEPTEMBER

CLFMA AGM & National Symposium

Date: 15-16 September 2017

Venue: JW Marriott, Mumbai, India

Email: [email protected]

Web: www.clfmaofindia.org

Feed Additives

Date: 27–29 September 2017

Venue: Amsterdam, The Netherlands


Web: www.feedadditives-global.com

NOVEMBER

Poultry India

Date: 22-24 November 2017

Venue: HITEX, Hyderabad, India


Web: www.poultryindia.co.in

Date: 26-28 October 2017

Venue: Auto Cluster Exhibition Centre, Pune, India


Web: www.dairyindustryexpo.com

OCTOBER

FEBRUARY

Date: 8-10 February 2018

Venue: Pune, Maharashtra, India


Web: www.feedtechexpo.com

MARCH

FVG Asia

Date: 27-29 March 2018

Venue: BITEC, Bangkok, Thailand


Web: www.victam.com

APRIL Livestock Asia

Date: 19-21 April 2018

Venue: Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre, Malaysia


Web: www.livestockasia.com



NZFMA Broiler Nutritionist Conference 2017


Venue: Queenstown, New Zealand


Web: www.nzfma.org.nz

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 3 | Issue 11 | Sep 2017CALENDAR OF EVENTS

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2017-18

To list any industry event related to Grain & Feed industry please write us at

[email protected]

SEPTEMBER

CLFMA AGM & National Symposium

Date: 15-16 September 2017

Venue: JW Marriott, Mumbai, India


Web: www.clfmaofindia.org

Feed Additives

Date: 27–29 September 2017

Venue: Amsterdam, The Netherlands


Web: www.feedadditives-global.com

NOVEMBER

Poultry India

Date: 22-24 November 2017

Venue: HITEX, Hyderabad, India


Web: www.poultryindia.co.in


Venue: Auto Cluster Exhibition Centre, Pune, India


Web: www.dairyindustryexpo.com

OCTOBER

FEBRUARY

Date: 8-10 February 2018

Venue: Pune, Maharashtra, India


Web: www.feedtechexpo.com

MARCH

FVG Asia

Date: 27-29 March 2018

Venue: BITEC, Bangkok, Thailand


Web: www.victam.com

APRIL Livestock Asia

Date: 19-21 April 2018

Venue: Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre, Malaysia


Web: www.livestockasia.com



NZFMA Broiler Nutritionist Conference 2017


Venue: Queenstown, New Zealand


Web: www.nzfma.org.nz