Think of time that you have been exceptionally motivated

O What was the context of the behavior?

O Think of as many details as possible…

O Why were you so motivated at this time?

Think of a time when you were exceptionally unmotivated O What was the context of this

behavior?O Think of as many details as

possible…O Why were you so unmotivated? O What could have made you more

likely to be motivated?

O Complete 8A-2 Hope Scale

Five theoriesO1) Hedonic

principle: experience pleasure/avoid pain

OVery Freudian/psychoanalytic

OThanatos/Eros

Five TheoriesO2) Instinct

Theory—evolutionary/innate behaviorO Rooting

instinct

Five theoriesO 3) Drive Theory –we

are motivated to reduce a drive to return to homeostasis...i.e., food, sex, temperature

O Hull’s drive reduction theory

O What is NOT explained by this theory?

OWatching sad moviesOClimbing mountainsOAttending collegeORead booksOEtc...O 8A-3

Five TheoriesO 4) Arousal Theory—

we are driven to experience stimulation—even if we are not hungry, have no desire to mate, and are perfectly physiologically content....we still do stuff.

Five theoriesO5) Humanistic

Theory: humans strive to obtain self-actualization

OMaslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

O8A-5

Sports Psychology

5 Key Elements for increased performance

1) Goal Setting O Why?

O DIRECTION O FEEDBACK O SUPPORT

O Why NOT?O Fear of FailureO Handout 8A-13

O Results in a change in behaviorO Training is more

productiveO Competitive

behavior is more focused

O Preparation becomes more focused

RelaxationO Anxiety often

interferes with performance

O Focus negative thoughts toward something else

O Preserves energy

O Methods: biofeedback, diaphragmatic breathing, mindfulness, meditation, progressive muscle relaxation.

Self-talk O We have a

tendency to have negative, unhealthy thought patterns

O Self-talk is used to reframe situations

ImageryO Vivid recall of the

positiveO Remembering

mistakes and correcting them with imagination

O Counting in your head to regain focus

Concentration O Do nothing for 1

minute…

O Preventing distractions

O Directs attention to task

Cognitive Factors in Motivation

1) Expectations 2) Intrinsic vs.

Extrinsic Motivation

3) Locus of Control a) Explanatory

behaviorsb) Learned

Helplessness

Power of Expectations O How do expectations

of myself and other impact my motivation to achieve a goal?

O Reading: “What you expect is what you get”O How can you apply

scientific findings to your own experience?

O What are the main ideas in psychological research?

Instrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation

O InstrinsicO InternalO Motivated by

personal rewards

O "Practice“ O 10,000 hours

excerpt

O ExtrinsicO Motivated by

external factorsO i.e., grades,

trophies, recognition, titles, etc…

Locus of ControlO Internal

O Reading: 40 Studies

O Sense of personal action

O Have the capacity to influence events

O External O Sense of

helplessnessO Good things are

not tied to behavior

O Pawns of fateO Believe in ability

to influence events

Explanatory BehaviorsO ANSIE SCALEO Global/SpecificO Stable/UnstableO Internal/External

Learned HelplessnessO 40 Study—

Seligman