Thinking ahead…

What conditions are necessary for the formation of cities?

THE NEOLITHIC ERA

Neolithic Revolution

neo = new lithic = stone Animal domestication Systematic agriculture

Domestication of Animals

Domestication Adapting for human use

Reliable source of: Meat Milk Wool Work

Led to agricultural revolution

Agricultural Revolution

Abundance of food No more need for nomadic life Live in communities Mesolithic Era (10000BCE – 7000BCE)

meso = middle lithic = rock Gradual period of change

Systematic Agriculture

Growing food on a regular basis Southwest Asia

Wheat and barley Pigs, cows, goats, sheep Spread to Europe and Mediterranean Sea by

4000BCE

Systematic Agriculture

Growing food on a regular basis Nile Valley in Egypt (6000BCE)

Tubers – root crops Yams

Tree crops Bananas

Wheat and barley

Systematic Agriculture

Growing crops on a regular basis Southeast Asia (5000BCE)

Rice Millet Dogs Pigs

Systematic Agriculture

Growing crops on a regular basis Western Hemisphere (7000BCE –

5000BCE) Mesoamericans

Present-day Mexico and Central America Beans Squash Maize Dogs Fowl

Farming Villages

Europe, India, Egypt, China, and Mesoamerica

Oldest in SW Asia Jericho

8000BCE Catal Huyuk

6700BCE

Catal Huyuk

Modern-day Turkey 32 acres 6000 inhabitants

Mud brick houses Close together Not many streets Enter through roof

Catal Huyuk

Farming At least a dozen products

Fruits Nuts Wheat

Domestication Meat Milk Hides

Hunting

Catal Huyuk

Surplus Led to creation of new occupations

Artisans Skilled workers Made weapons and jewelry to trade with

neighboring people

Religion Shrines

Statues of gods and goddesses Statues of women giving birth or nursing

Effects of Neolithic Revolution

Settlement Systematic agriculture

Surplus Encouraged trade Division of labor

Artisans and laborers Artisans

Developed better technology

Effects of Neolithic Revolution

Gender roles Men

Farming Herding animals

Women Caring for children Weaving cloth for clothes

Roles in society

End of the Neolithic Age

4000BCE – 3000BCE Metalworking

Heat metal-bearing rocks Casts and molds Copper

Bronze Age

3000BCE – 1200BCE Bronze = copper + tin

Harder, more durable than copper

Iron Age

1000BCE