third annual asda'a burson-marsteller arab youth survey
TRANSCRIPT
March 15, 2011
www.arabyouthsurvey.com | www.asdaa.com
OBJECTIVES
ASDA’A Burson-Marsteller commissioned Penn Schoen Berland (PSB) in October 2010 to carry out the survey among Arab national and expatriate youth aged 18-24 in 10 Middle East countries: the six countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Qatar and Kuwait), Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt and, for the first time, Iraq. The research was designed to uncover country differences and common trends, looking at concerns and priorities such as:
• Attitudes towards democracy• Economic and social concerns• Attitudes to foreign relations• Personal and social values• Attitudes towards education• Perceptions of future careers• Access to technology• Social media networking• Media consumption trends
OBJECTIVESThe timeline below is a brief summary of events leading up to the Arab Youth Survey 2010. Protests in Tunisia, Egypt and other countries in the region post-date 2010 fieldwork:
Tunisia protests
Timeline of events surrounding AYS 2010
Failed printer cartridge bomb plot
Egyptian Parliamentary
elections
Egypt protests
WikiLeaks releases
diplomatic cables
AYS Dec 2010/ Jan 2011
Protests begin in Bahrain, Yemen
and Oman
FebruarySeptember October November
Qatar win World Cup 2022 bid
JanuaryDecember
US combat officially ends in Iraq, turning to advisory role
Supporters of the Muslim
Brotherhood arrested in
Egypt
Saudi Regulator
closes websites for violating
Royal Decree
Ahmadinejad visits Lebanon
Egyptian Parliamentary
elections (second round)
Serious unrest in Libya begins
Quotas were applied to: Male 60% Female 40%
* 2008 research was conducted by Nielsen using an online methodology. Both 2009 and 2010 research was conducted face-to-face.
UAE Oman Qatar Bahrain KSA Kuwait Egypt Jordan Lebanon Iraq
N=250 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=200 N=150
Nationals / Expats = 50 / 50
Exclusively Nationals
Nationals / Expats = 50 / 50
Exclusively Nationals
Nationals / Expats = 75 / 25
Nationals / Expats = 75 / 25
Exclusively Nationals
Exclusively Nationals
Exclusively Nationals
Exclusively Nationals
Dubai – 40%Muscat – 50% Doha – 55%
Manama – 100%
Jeddah – 40% Kuwait City -20% Cairo – 50% Amman – 50% East Beirut – 40%Baghdad (50%)
Sharjah – 20% Riyadh – 40% Al Hawalli – 30th Alexandria – 25% Irbid – 25% West Beirut – 40% Irbil (25%)
Abu Dhabi – 40%
Batinah – 50% Al Rayyan – 45% Dammam – 20%Al Ahmadi – 20%
Mansoura – 25% Zarqa – 25% Tripoli – 20% Basrah (25%)Al Farwaniya – 30%
Gender -
Quotas for each market -
METHODOLOGY
PSB conducted 2,000 interviews face-to-face* among respondents aged 18-24 from December 27, 2010-January 20, 2011. The table explains the country by country breakdown of the respondents.
New in 2010
TOP TEN FINDINGS
1. An enduring desire for democracy
2. Anxiety grows about rising cost of living
3. Gap between rich & poor of increasing concern
4. Less optimism about economic recovery and future outlook
5. Education gap widens betweens Gulf states and other Arab countries
6. Increasing preference to work in private sector, eagerness to start own business
7. Internet makes more inroads, with social media growing in influence
8. Television the most popular and trusted source of news
9. Traditional values are paramount, while parents grow in influence
10. More positive perceptions of global powers, growing sense of global citizenship
AN ENDURING DESIRE FOR DEMOCRACY
How important are each of the following to you? (% very important)
Among All
THE MOST IMPORTANT
Living in a democratic
country
Living in a safe neighbourhood
Maintaining a close relationship with
family
Being paid a fair wage
Being able to get married/start a
family
Living without fear of terrorism
Being able to find a job
Having good in-frastructure
Having the oppor-tunities to excel in
my career
50
66 67 6862
74
60 60
76
6055
60
5257 55
51
65 64 64 62 62 62 61 60 60
92
65
7772
76 77 76
63
76
2008 2009 2010 2011
• Living in a democratic country remains the most important priority.• The importance of democracy has increased significantly in the past few months.
7266 65 65 64 63 62 61 60
49
60 58 5559 56 56
62
80
Maintaining a close
relationship with family
Living in a safe neighbourhood
Living without fear of terrorism
Being able to find a job
Being able to get
married/start a family
Having the opportunities to
excel in my career
Having good infrastructure
Being paid a fair wage
Living in a democratic
country
GCC Non GCC
• 4 in 5 for those in non-GCC countries consider the most important issue to be living in a democratic country.
• For those in the GCC, living in a safe neighbourhood and close relationships with family are key.
How important are each of the following to you? (% very important)
THE MOST IMPORTANT
7867
52
68
85
52
34
58
75
92 8980
33
6659
5151
61
51
6775
6170
5256
6573
6673
52 49 46
70
57
84
57
91
71
61
78
Living in a democratic country Living in a safe neighbourhood Maintaining a close relationship with my family
Being paid a fair wage
Egypt Jordan Kuwait Qatar KSA UAE Oman Lebanon Bahrain Iraq
• Nine in ten young Iraqis believe that living in a democracy is very important. There is also a strong call for it in Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon and Bahrain.
• In Bahrain, it is particularly important for youth to be able to have a family.
How important are each of the following to you? (% very important)
THE MOST IMPORTANT
ANXIETY GROWS ABOUT RISING COST OF LIVING
THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE
Overall young people in the Middle East see the region’s biggest challenge as the rising cost of living. This is most pronounced in the Gulf countries. Unemployment, human rights and the economy follow behind. Young people in non-Gulf countries are more concerned with the gap between the rich and the poor.
Which of the following would you say is the biggest challenge facing the Middle East today?
Among All
48%
34%
26%
24%
20%
20%
17%
17%
17%
16%
15%
13%
13%
13%
12%
12%
11%
54
36
26
28
17
20
19
20
14
19
15
15
15
12
11
14
11
39
32
26
19
24
20
13
14
21
12
15
11
11
14
12
10
12
Rising cost of living
Unemployment
Human rights
The economy
The gap between the rich and the poor
Dangers of drugs
Corruption in government and public life
The loss of traditional values and culture
Opportunities for women
Personal debt
The quality of education in schools
Middle East conflicts
International conflicts
Crime / law and order
Shortage of affordable housing
Climate change and the environment
Reliable electricity supply
Among All GCC Non GCC
GAP BETWEEN RICH & POOR OFINCREASING CONCERN
CONCERNS FOR 2011• As well as being the biggest challenge, the rising cost of
living is also the primary concern for youth across the region. There has been a sharp increase in concern over the rise of Islamist movements which is in tandem with a rising interest in democracy in the region.
• Unemployment remains one of the key concerns, while the rich/poor divide is an increasing concern.
Among All
How concerned would you say you are about each of the following issues? (% very concerned)
Added in 2010
+10 +9
CONCERNS FOR 2011• Concerns over the rise in the cost of living and unemployment
are constants throughout the Arab world, but other issues are of greater concern to those outside the wealthy Gulf states (GCC)
• Those in non-GCC countries are most concerned about the role of Islam in political life. HIV/Aids, access to clean water and the growing wealth gap Among All
How concerned would you say you are about each of the following issues? (% very concerned)
77
45
33
4340
33
45
63
13
35
63
77
31
25
56
47
16
35
41
25
58
43
59 57 5753
34
21
38
24
5046
4246
49
71
6063
55
45
68
5653
46 47
58 5853
50
44
Rising cost of living Access to clean water The gap between the richand the poor
Unemployment Standard of living in yourcountry of residence
Egypt Jordan Kuwait Qatar KSA UAE Oman Lebanon Bahrain Iraq
CONCERNS FOR 2011• Those in Egypt, Lebanon and Bahrain are the most concerned about the rise in cost of
living. In Egypt, standard of living and unemployment are also of concern, providing the backdrop on which to view January and February’s protests.
How concerned would you say you are about each of the following issues? Top 5
(% very concerned)
LESS OPTIMISM ABOUT ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND FUTURE OUTLOOK
GENERAL OUTLOOK• Overall, the majority of Arab youth feel that their country is going in the right direction. Young people in
the GCC countries are more likely to believe that their country is heading in the right direction, though there has been a positive uplift in non-GCC countries.
• Young Qataris feel most positive about their country’s direction, likely helped by winning the 2022 World Cup.
• Egypt and Lebanon remain the most negative about their countries. This could be attributed to the slow recovery from the recession, and from concerns about how to bridge the gap between the rising cost of living and unemployment.
Thinking about the last five years, do you think things in your country of residence are going in the right direction or are they going in the wrong direction?* Iraq added for 2010 data
% Right direction11 13
23 27
66 61
2009 2010
Right Direction
Wrong Direction
Don't know
Among All
ECONOMIC RECOVERY• In Gulf countries, there is a stronger belief that their countries have recovered from the economic crisis. • Three quarters of young people in Qatar believe their country has completely recovered from the
economic downturn. More than half feel the same in Kuwait.• In Jordan and Iraq, over 9 in 10 say they have partially recovered, but that there is still a way to go. One
year on from the Dubai World Default, one third of youth in UAE believe the country has fully recovered but two thirds believe recovery is only partial at this stage.
• Youth in Egypt and Lebanon are least positive about their country’s recovery. Young people are divided between seeing a partial recovery and none at all.
Do you believe your country of residence has recovered from the economic downturn?
EDUCATION GAP WIDENS BETWEENS GULF STATES AND OTHER ARAB COUNTRIES
EDUCATION• There is a split among youth in the region on entering further education.• Nine out of ten in UAE plan to go into further education in the future, while almost equal numbers in
Lebanon, Iraq and Jordan do not, reflecting the split between GCC and non-GCC markets.
48%46%
6%
Yes
No
Don't know
Do you plan on going onto further education?Among those in full-time education
+3
+3
-6
Red box shows change from 2009
INCREASING PREFERENCE TO WORK IN PRIVATE SECTOR, EAGERNESS TO START
OWN BUSINESS
FUTURE CAREERS• The number of young people preferring to work for the government has declined slightly this
year. It is particularly low in Egypt. The private sector has appeal in Lebanon, Iraq, Jordan and Egypt.
• In the Gulf, there is a greater appeal for government jobs Would you prefer to work for theGovernment or the private sector?
Among All
1 210 1143 47
46 40
2009 2010
Government
Private Sector
No preference
Don't know
1 410 1337
64
5219
GCC Non GCC
ENTREPRENEURSHIP• Half of 18-24 years olds in the region intend to start their own business in the next five years. Primarily
those in KSA, Oman and UAE carry the most entrepreneurial spirit. • However, Egyptian youth are the least likely to see the potential of owning their own business and Iraqis
are unsure of their intention, potentially as a result of the current climate. • There is a greater interest in starting a business in GCC countries and among Expats.
51%
32%
17%Yes
No
Don't know
Do you intend to start your own business within the next five years? Among All
9066 64 53 53 48 37 33 29 29
6232 50 58
1026 16 38 43
25 44 43 61
9
2641
33 26
9 20 9 427 19 24 10
61
12 26 17 17
KSA Oman UAE Qatar Bahrain Kuwait Jordan Lebanon Egypt Iraq GCC Non GCC Nationals Expats
INTERNET MAKES MORE INROADS, WITH SOCIAL MEDIA GROWING
IN INFLUENCE
INTERNET USAGE• Daily usage of the internet has grown overall this year. While under 3 in 5 used the Internet
daily in 2009, now 80% use it on a daily basis. • Internet usage is equal in GCC and non-GCC countries.
How often do you generally use the Internet? (% Daily)Among All
80%
56%
2010
2009
2010 (% Daily)
INTERNET USAGE• The main online activities among Arab youth involve
listening to music and social networking.• Online social networking has increased by almost a
third in the past 12 months and now almost one in five read blogs, reflecting the power of this medium in the region at the moment.
61
32
59
3731
2732 32
1815
5
29
16 14
22
9
6660
44 42
3326 25 23 21 20 18 18
12 11 106
2009 2010
What do you do when you are online?
Among All +28%
+13%
INTERNET USAGE• Social networking is most popular in Iraq and Egypt.
In Egypt this supports the widespread use of social media during the protests.
8372 69 67 64 59 57 55
4936
2515 18
2516 17 17 19
1118
613 12 9 9 13 10 12 14 10
Iraq Egypt Kuwait Jordan Bahrain Qatar Oman Lebanon UAE KSA
Social networking Read blogs Blogging
What do you do when you are online?
Among All
TELEVISION THE MOST POPULAR AND TRUSTED SOURCE OF NEWS
Where do you get your news?Among All
6019
11
3
In your opinion what is the most trusted source of news?
Among All
TECHNOLOGY AND INTERNET• Television and newspapers are the most popular news sources. TV news channels are the
most trusted overall, particularly in Qatar. Trust is low in Kuwait and Egypt, but lowest in Bahrain.
• Trust is highest in TV news channels, particularly in Qatar.
8572727171
5855
4544
25
Qatar
Iraq
Lebanon
Jordan
KSA
UAE
Oman
Kuwait
Egypt
Bahrain
TV news channels
Newspapers
Websites
Other
TRADITIONAL VALUES ARE PARAMOUNT, WHILE PARENTS GROW IN INFLUENCE
VALUES AND INFLUENCE• Traditional values and their preservation for future generations are extremely
important across the whole region, in both the GCC and non-GCC countries. The feeling is particularly acute in Iraq and Bahrain.
Which of the following is closest to your view?
VALUES AND INFLUENCE• Parents continue to have the most influence on life outlook for Arab youth in the
region. • Family and friends have also increased as an influence.
How far would you say each of the following influence you and your outlook on life?
(% very influential)Among All
VALUES AND INFLUENCE• Religion is more influential in GCC countries. The immediate impact of parents,
family and friends has greater resonance in the non-GCC countries.
81
70
79
52
35
4336 39
33 34 3529
87
77
50
73
45
22
30
19 21 20 18 16
GCC Non GCC
How far would you say each of the following influence you and your outlook on life?
(% very influential)Among All
INCREASE IN POSITIVE PERCEPTION OF GLOBAL POWERS, GROWING SENSE
OF GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP
How favourable are you to the following countries?(% Very favourable)
FOREIGN RELATIONS• European nations like the UK, France and Germany continue to be looked on
favourably, with feelings towards the US increasingly positive.
United Kingdom
France
How favourable are you to the following countries?(% Very favourable)
FOREIGN RELATIONS• European nations like the UK, France and Germany continue to be looked on
favourably, with feelings towards the US increasingly positive.
69
23
1 5 29 12
3626
17
I have travelled abroadthis year
I have not yet travelledabroad this year, but am
planning to
I have no interest intravelling abroad
I am planning to travelabroad in the next
couple of years
I would like to travelabroad, but currently
cannot afford It
Which of the following statements is most accurate?
GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP
How important is the idea of global citizenship - the shared feeling of identity regardless of ethnic, religious or national background - to you?(% very important)
• The concept of global citizenship is increasingly important for many 18-24 year olds in the region, particularly in Lebanon, Qatar, Oman and Iraq.
• UAE, Bahrain and Egypt place less importance on the notion in comparison to last year.• Non GCC countries are more committed to the idea of global citizenship.
GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP• Global citizenship is less important in Bahrain and KSA. Just under half of young people in Bahrain
consider the idea to be important – the lowest number in the region.
How important is the idea of global citizenship - the shared feeling of identity regardless of ethnic, religious or national background - to you?(% very important)
UPDATE: POST-PROTEST INSIGHTS
TOP 5 FINDINGS
1. Importance of democracy is greater than ever – but so is desire for stability
2. Concern about the cost of living, and corruption, continues to escalate
3. Increased frustration with domestic status quo
4. Support of the protests is high, and so is belief in their positive impact
5. Political views are increasingly liberal and forward-looking
Methodology: Following unrest in the Middle East in January 2011, Penn Schoen Berland (PSB) conducted an additional 500 interviews in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Bahrain and Iraq. Interviews were conducted among Arab national youth aged 18-24. Fieldwork was conducted between February 26-March 5, 2011, in capital cities.
IMPORTANCE OF DEMOCRACY IS GREATER THAN EVER – BUT SO IS DESIRE FOR STABILITY
• It is clear that living in a democratic country and domestic stability are important to young people. Living without fear of terrorism has grown in importance.
• While political issues are salient, there has been a growing importance of fundamental issues like family, being able to find a job, and having access to credit.
Living in
a democratic c
ountry
Domestic S
tability
Having access
to the best
universities
Being paid a fair w
age
Being able to get m
arried and st
art a fa
mily
Having access
to relia
ble healthca
re
Owning my own home
Living in
a safe neighbourhood
Having access
to high speed in
ternet
Living w
ithout f
ear of t
erroris
m
Being able to find a jo
b
Maintaining a close
relationsh
ip with
family
Opportunities t
o excel in
my ca
reer
Being able to afford lu
xuries
Good infra
structu
re (elec,
water, roads)
Ensurin
g equal rights/
opportunities f
or women
Readily availa
ble credit t
o start
a business
Opportunities t
o emigrate
Preserving tr
aditional values
Being able to tr
avel and go on holid
ays when I w
ant
77
61 61 61 61 60 59 59 58 56 56 55 54 54 53 49 47 43 41
92 89
6572 76 75 77
65 64
77 76 77 76
60 6373 75
6858
49
Jan. 2011
Feb. 2011
MOST IMPORTANT
Added in Feb. 2011
How important are each of the following to you?
(% very important)Among All
MOST IMPORTANT
How important are each of the following to you? Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain IraqLiving in a democratic country 92 90 100 89 89Domestic Stability 89 100 100 88 100Having access to the best universities 55 85 70 47 74Being paid a fair wage 86 69 75 57 70Being able to get married and start a family 84 89 82 53 79Having access to reliable healthcare 95 86 81 48 61Owning my own home 83 96 82 58 68Living in a safe neighbourhood 78 65 65 55 59Having access to high speed internet 55 86 75 55 70Living without fear of terrorism 81 89 80 53 76Being able to find a job 86 84 83 65 61
Maintaining a close relationship with my family 84 90 95 55 69
Having the opportunities to excel in my career 71 85 86 47 75Being able to afford luxuries 39 70 69 48 74Having good infrastructure like electricity, clean water, safe roads 79 68 54 42 70
Ensuring equal rights/opportunities for women 80 87 73 52 73Readily available credit from banks to start a business 68 90 90 38 71
Opportunities to emigrate 62 79 88 33 72Preserving traditional values 52 72 49 55 60
Being able to travel and go on holidays when I want 37 66 47 35 62
Denotes biggest increase from Jan. 2011 Note: Low bases, data is directional
CONCERN ABOUT THE COST OF LIVING, AND CORRUPTION, CONTINUES TO ESCALATE
Rising c
ost of li
ving
Domestic in
stabilit
y / unre
st
Access
to cle
an w
ater
Gap betw
een rich an
d poor
Rise of Is
lamist
mov't
s/ Isla
m in politi
cal lif
e
HIV and AIDS
Dange
rs of d
rugs
Reliable electr
icity s
upply
Opportunities f
or women
Unemployment
Standard
of livin
g in co
untry of r
esidence
Human rig
hts
Shorta
ge of q
uality
health ca
re
Shorta
ge of a
ffordab
le housing
Climate
chan
ge an
d envir'm
t
Transp
ort an
d road
safety
Corruption in
gove
rnment a
nd public life
Personal
debt
The eco
nomy
Censorsh
ip/lack
of pre
ss fre
edom
The lo
ss of t
raditional
values a
nd cultu
re
Intern
ational
conflict
s
Middle East
conflict
s
Lack o
f politi
cal fr
anch
ise/ri
ght t
o vote
The quali
ty of e
ducation in
schools
Crime /
law an
d order
6254 53
46 44 44 43 43 42 42 3934 34 34 32 31 30 30 29 28 28 27 26 24 24
7972
67
56
42 41
5664
43
66 7062 65
5954
66 62
4753
4855 56 54 54
5952
Jan. 2011
Feb. 2011
CONCERNS FOR 2011
• Unsurprisingly, political and economic issues are a growing concern for young people. Increasingly corruption in government and lack of political franchise are a concern. Nevertheless, a desire to preserve traditional values endures.
• Since January, there has been an increase in concerns about healthcare, housing and law and order.
Added in Feb. 2011
How concerned would you say you are about each of the following issues?
(% very concerned)Among All
INCREASED FRUSTRATION WITH DOMESTIC STATUS QUO
Among All Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq
5038
68
3555 57
31 33 3819
4126
Jan. 2011 Feb. 2011
Thinking about the last five years, do you think things in your country of residence are going in the right direction or are they going in the wrong direction?% Right direction
Jan. 2011 Feb. 2011
5031
38 66
12 2
Don't know
Wrong Direction
Right Direction
Among All
COUNTRY’S DIRECTION
• Currently, there is a belief that their country of residence is heading in the wrong direction, with a sharp decline in Jordan, Lebanon, Bahrain and Iraq among those who see the country as heading in the right direction.
• There has been little change in the direction in which young Egyptians see their country as heading.
Thinking about the last couple of months, do you think things in your country of residence are going in the right direction or are they going in the wrong direction?
Among All Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq
28 36 31 29 3213
28
51
2310
27
27
4312
4661
3860
Right direction at the moment Right direction in the long term Wrong direction Don’t know
COUNTRY’S DIRECTION
• Egyptians are most likely to see their country heading in the right direction in the long term, potentially reflecting the time that has elapsed since the large-scale protests.
SUPPORT OF PROTESTS IS HIGH, AND SO IS BELIEF IN THEIR POSITIVE IMPACT
Do you believe these protests will have a positive or negative impact in the lives of
the people in your country?
IMPACT OF PROTESTS
Among All Egypt Bahrain Jordan Iraq Lebanon
74 79 77 76 73 66
18 8 15 21 20 26
8 13 8 3 7 8
Don't know
Negative
Positive
• Three in four see the protests as having a positive impact in the lives of the people. Young people in Egypt are the most positive, and least negative overall.
Egypt Bahrain Tunisia Libya Yemen
81 81 7874 71
94
66 69 69
52
8580 79
7675
8189
93
8289
66
90
59 61
51
79 80
91
8186
Among all Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq
How much do you support or not support the protests in..?Very supportive
SUPPORT OF THE PROTESTS
• Young people are supportive of the protests in all the regions. Support is lowest among youth in Bahrain, where they support the protests in their own countries, but are less supportive of others.
• Support overall is lowest regarding events in Yemen.
75
75
66
63
62
61
60
50
20
17
8
17
14
23
30
28
28
20
24
13
24
6
6
7
8
5
7
8
10
12
14
27
9
3
4
4
1
3
3
10
14
53
32
78
Agree a lot Agree somewhat Disagree somewhat Disagree a lot
Do you believe these protests will have a positive impact on the lives of the people in your country?
SUPPORT OF THE PROTESTS• Greatest agreement is for the stepping down of political leaders. • Strongest disagreement comes from the shutting down of the internet and communications
services during the protests, and the use of military to control them.
The calls for Qaddafi to step down in Libya
The resignation of President Mubarak
Yemeni president declaring that he will not seek another term in office
The resignation of
President Ben Ali of Tunisia
A call for constitutional
reforms in Bahrain
King Abdullah’s dismissal of
the Jordanian Cabinet and Prime Minister
The protests represent the views
of the citizens of these countries
President Bashir of Sudan announcing
he will not seek another term
The use of police and the
military to control the protests
The protesters represent the views of
only a minority in these countries
Shutting down of Internet/ comm. services
by the gov’t during the recent protests
75 75
6663 62 61 60
50
2017
8
68
82
53
77
4855
64 63
22
5
20
8386
8383
7376
70
44
1924
1
91
7467
44
61 6157
38
2620
10
57 59
47 47
57
40
54
39
28
13
5
7774
79
6670
72
56
65
7
24
3
Among All Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq
SUPPORT OF PROTESTS
How far do you agree or disagree with the following?
Agree a lot
• It is clear that young people are supportive of the resignation of Mubarak, Gaddafi, the Yemeni President, and Ben Ali, and they see the protests as representing the views of the people. In Bahrain, this support is less pronounced.
8679 77 74 71
66 65 61 5954
86 80 85 82
5864 63 62
36
53
9888
93 80 89
72 7568
81
56
97
80 76 7280 76
6273
80
6056
68
53 56 52 54 5246
27
48
9281
76 8075 62 73
56
70
52
Among All Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq
• The desire for greater democracy is seen as the biggest contributing factor to the protests overall, and in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq. In Bahrain, in particular, the economic downturn is a cause, though economic issues resonate across all markets.
• In Jordan and Lebanon, foreign influence in the region is seen to have been impactful.
Thinking about the recent protests in the region, what do you believe contributed to
these situations in the Middle East?
Very influential
CAUSE OF PROTESTS
31 31
22 2015
47
21 2326
15
35
21
11
16
711
74
3 47
40
10
31
42
2722
29
40
10
21
Base Egypt Jordan Lebanon Bahrain Iraq
• The majority have not participated in anti-Government protests, but they either know people who have or have participated in other ways.
Which of the following apply to you?
ROLE IN PROTESTS
POLITICAL VIEWS ARE INCREASINGLY LIBERAL AND FORWARD-LOOKING
Feb. 2011Jan. 2011
Feb. 2011Jan. 2011
Feb. 2011Jan. 2011
Feb. 2011Jan. 2011
Feb. 2011Jan. 2011
6712
2710
6746
7226
263
1724
3529
1242
1762
2919
1563
2612
1910
105
3316
11
1249
22
17
1262
Liberal Centre Conservative No political views
Feb. 2011
Jan. 2011
51
20
22
36
20
19
6
25
POLITICAL VIEWS
• Young people have become increasingly politicised since the unrest. They are either increasingly liberal in their outlook, or less apathetic.
Egypt
Iraq
Lebanon
Jordan
Bahrain
Feb. 2011
Jan. 2011
71
82
29
18
Feb. 2011Jan. 2011
Feb. 2011Jan. 2011
Feb. 2011Jan. 2011
Feb. 2011Jan. 2011
Feb. 2011Jan. 2011
5894
9091
4885
7171
8785
426
109
5215
2929
1315
Traditional values mean a lot to me, and ought to be preserved for generations to come. Traditional values are out-dated and belong in the past. I am keen to embrace modern values and beliefs.
TRADITIONAL VALUES
• Traditional values endure, but there has been a movement toward embracing modern values and beliefs. This is particularly acute in Lebanon and Iraq.
Egypt
Iraq
Lebanon
Jordan
Bahrain
SUMMARY: TOP FINDINGS
1. An enduring desire for democracy
2. Anxiety grows about rising cost of living
3. Gap between rich & poor of increasing concern
4. Less optimism about economic recovery and future outlook
5. Education gap widens betweens Gulf states and other Arab
countries
6. Increasing preference to work in private sector, eagerness to
start own business
7. Internet makes more inroads, with social media growing in
influence
8. Television the most popular and trusted source of news
9. Traditional values are paramount, while parents grow in
influence
10. More positive perceptions of global powers, growing sense of
global citizenship
1. Importance of democracy is greater than ever – but
so is desire for stability
2. Concern about the cost of living, and corruption,
continues to escalate
3. Increased frustration with domestic status quo
4. Support of the protests is high, and so is belief in
their positive impact
5. Political views are increasingly liberal and forward-
looking
2010 2011
March 15, 2011
www.arabyouthsurvey.com | www.asdaa.com