ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

1

This book is dedicated to David (Baba) David who has devoted his life to

Assyrian Cultural Educational and community causes in the interest of enhancing

and preserving the Assyrian language for the future generations

ܬܪܢܐ ܢ ܥܕܢܗ ܠܝܘ ܝܢܝ ܕܒܚܠܗ ܡ ܪܐ ܩܐ ܕܝܦܕ )ܒܒܐ( ܕܝܦܕ ܐ ܫܠܗ ܢܕܝ ܐ ܦܝ ܐܗܐ ܟܬܒ ܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ ܐ ܘܫܘܬܦܝ ܠܦܢܝ ܬܢܝܐ ܘܝܘ ܪܕܘ ܐ ܡ

ܘܬ ܪܬܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܕܨܒ ܘܪܬܐ ܘܢܛ

ܫܐ ܕܡܛ ܒܢܝ ܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ. ܐܬܘܪܝܐ ܩܐ ܬܘܠܕܬ

\

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

2

ܬܕܐ ܥܘ

ܫܬ ܐܬܘܪܝܬ ܕܪ ܪ ܡܕܒܪܢܬ ܕܡ ܬ ܟܪܡܝܢ ܠܥܙ ܕ ܪܒـܝ ܬܐ ܒܝ ܬܘ ܬ ܐܬܐܠܗ ܠܐܝ ܪܡܝ ܗܕܐ ܬ

ܬ ܫܬ، ܕܕܩܠ ܕܪ ܐ ܕܡ ܠܦܢ ܘܡ

ܠܦܢܝܬ ܬܐ ܕܡ ܝܬ( ܒܡܨܥܝܘ ܬܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܬ ܐܘܤܬܪܠܝ )ܫܘܬܦܘ ܦܬ

ܠ ܕܡ ܪܚܬ ܚܐ ܒܐܘ ܬܠܗܘܢ ܢܤܝܢܐ ܪܘܝ ܐ ܐܢܝ ܕܐܝ ܡܢ ܝܗܝ ܛܝ ܢ ܥܕܢ ܚܠܗܘܢ ܡ ܝ ܘܕܒ

ܢܬܝܬ ܘܫܛܐ ܘܡ ܫܬ ܒܟܠ ܥܕܢܐ ܪܓ ܩܐ ܫܘ ܕܪ ܬܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܝܡܝܐ. ܡ ܢܩܝܘ ܫܬ ܝܠܗ ܠܐܢ ܝ ܤܬ ܬܐ ܢ ܫ ܬ ܝܠܗ ܗܐ ܡ ܝܟ ܕܗܘܝ ܐ ܐ ܡܛܝܬܗ ܩܐ ܝܠܘܦ ܩܪܝܬ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ ܘܡ ܕܡ

ܫܬ ܒܫܢܬ ܕܪ ܙܐ 4791ܕܡ ܖ ܙܬܐ ܕܚܘ ܪܝ ܫܐ ܕܡ ܝܬ ܒܢܝ ܬܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܬ ܐܘܤܬܪܠܝ ܕ ܫܘܬܦܘ ܒܝ ܬܪܢܝܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܩܝܐ ܝܘ ܩܛܝ ܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ.ܦܪ ܝܗܝ ܤܕܖ

ܐ ܡܢ ܐ ܛܝ ܠܚܢ ܢܐ ܝܠܗ ܦܘ ܝܡܘ ܒܬ ܘܡܛ ܬܐ ܪ ܝܒܘ

ܠܛ ܒ ܬܠܗ ܩܘ ܫܬ ܐܝ ܕܪ ܐ ܡ ܕܟ ܗ ܕ ܤܛܘܢܐ ܪܫ ܒܢܝܡܝܢ ܕܗܘܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܚ ܡܢܚܐ ܪܒܝ ܟܘ ܪ ܕ ܥܒ ܐ ܕ ܬܪܢܝܐ ܕܫܢ ܘܝܘ

ܢ ܐܬܘܪܝܬ. ܬ ܢ ܘܤܦܪܝܘ ܚܬ ܕܠܫܢ ܪܘ ܤܬ ܘܡ ܡܬܩܘܝܢܐ ܩܐ ܦܪ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

3

Assyrian Diqlat School

Preface

The Assyrian Diqlat School, since its establishment in Sydney, Australia in 1974 by the Assyrian

Australian Association has used many resources throughout its time, mainly the set of books

written by the late Assyrian language teacher Koorish Benyamin in the early 1970s in Tehran,

Iran and during the period of time the teachers have been supplying students with suitable

worksheets and activities to accompany those resources.

The Diqlat Assyrian School found it essential to organise and publish work and set questions and

small activities for each level or grade of students.

The teachers who taught and practiced in 2041, worked together collectively and effectively in

assigning particular tasks and giving ideas for what each grade/level should be taught.

The concept of the book allows the student to learn the language, reading, writing, speaking,

grammar and also gaining the fundamental knowledge and education of Assyrian heritage,

culture, traditions, history and religion. It is important to gain these attributes in learning this

ancient language and passing it on to the next generation.

Each series in the books for class levels goes through lessons, topics and exercises which the

teacher can guide the students with and provide new exercises, worksheets, lesson plans and

projects to develop a better learning outcome for the students.

The levels of books are not based on the student’s age, they are based on the student’s personal

understanding of the language and whether they are competent in working on the exercises.

The foundation of the Assyrian language is more than just letters of alap-beth and vowels.

It includes listening, speaking, reading, writing, grammar, literature and culture.

ܬ ܫܬ ܐܬܘܪܝܬ ܕܕܩܠ ܕܪ ܡ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

4

Assyrian Diqlat School

Acknowledgements

This project was brought forward by the attention of the Principal of Diqlat Assyrian School,

Mrs Carmen Lazar, with the co-operation and efforts of the fellow teachers who dedicated

personal and collective efforts in completing these exercises. The school strives on ascertaining

the importance of teaching this language and educating students, as it has since its establishment

in 1974, with the aim of providing language classes to Assyrians in Sydney.

Teachers – Authors and Editors of the 2014 series of books

Alice George Jacob Miraziz

Atra Mirza Ninorta Yalda

Carmen Wilson Sami Hormis

George Rasho Vivian Narso

Issa Patros Yousipos Sargis

Diqlat Assyrian School is proud to provide this valuable learning tool it has developed

throughout the series of books published in Sydney, Australia. It is the first time a group of

teachers in Sydney have compiled a set of innovative working sheets and exercise tasks which

assess the suitable area of the Assyrian language for the developing young Assyrian students.

We thank these teachers for their excellent and devoted efforts in completing this major project

and understanding a task to which a great deal of attention and commitment was needed.

ܬ ܫܬ ܐܬܘܪܝܬ ܕܕܩܠ ܕܪ ܡ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

5

ܐ ܕܣܕܪܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

4102

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

6

ܐ Alphabet ܐܬܘܬ

ܪܬܝܢ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܢ ܘܬ ܬ ܥܣܪܝ ܢܐ ܝܢܐ: 44 ܐܝ ܐ: ܘܐ ܐܬܘܬ

The Assyrian Alphabet has twenty two prime letters, and are written from right to left

ܚ ܙ ܘ ܗ ܕ ܓ ܒ ܐ ܢ ܢܢ ܡܡ ܠ ܟ ܟܟ ܝ ܛ ܬ ܫ ܪ ܩ ܨ ܦ ܥ ܣ

ܐ ܦܝܫܝ ܩܪܝܐ: ܒܖ ܝܗܝ ܒܚ ܣܕܪ

ܕ ܒܓ ܙ ܐ ܘ ܛܝ ܗ ܢ ܚ ܨ ܟܠܡ ܥܦ ܬ. ܣ ܪܫ ܩ

All 22 letters of the Assyrian language are divided into six parts to make an easy way to learn as

follow:

ܢܐ ܝܗܝ ܐ ܠ 44ܟܠ ܠܓܝܐ ܥ ܫܐ ܝܢܐ ܦܘ ܐ ܦܝ ܡܬ. 6ܐܬܘܬ ܦܬ ܘܪܬ

ܬܐ ܕܝܠ ܛܘ ܐ ܩܐ ܦܫܝ ܐܕܫ

Abgd Hoz Kht’e

The letters of the Assyrian alphabet have 5 sounds

The Guttural letters; their sound comes from the throat.

ܐ ܠܛܐ ܕܦܝܫܝ ܐܬܘܬ ܝܗܝ ܡܦܘ ܢ ܒܩܠ ܐ ܒܠܘܥܬ ܡ ܬܐ(: )ܐܬܘܬ ܓܖ ܓ

ܥ ܚ ܗ ܐ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

7

1- The Labials letters; their sound comes from the lips.

ܐ: ܢ ܣܦܘܬ ܝܗܝ ܡ ܠܛܐ ܒܩܠ ܐ ܕܦܝܫܝ ܡܦܘ ܐܬܘܬ

ܡ ܘ ܦ ܒ

2- The Palatals letters; their sound comes from the middle of the mouth and palate.

ܐ ܕܦܝܫܝ ܝܢܬ ܠܫܢܐ ܘܫܡܓܐ:ܐܬܘܬ ܢ ܒ ܡܐ ܡ ܪܬܝ

ܪ ܩ ܟ ܝ ܓ

4- The Sibilants letters; their sound comes from the peak of the tongue and the incisor (front

teeth).

ܩܢܝܬ(: ܫܪ ܐ )ܡ ܕܡܝ ܐ ܩ ܢ ܪܫܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܘܟܟ ܡܐ ܡ ܐ ܕܦܝܫܝ ܪܬܝ ܐܬܘܬ

ܣ ܫ ܨ ܙ

5- The Dental letters; their sound comes from the peak of the tongue and canine teeth

ܡܐ ܐ ܕܦܝܫܝ ܪܬܝ ܐ: ܐܬܘܬ ܐ ܥܠܝ ܢ ܪܫܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܘܟܟ ܡ

ܬ. ܢܢ ܠ ܛ ܕ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

8

Punctuation ܚܡܐ ܐ ܕܦܘ ܩܙ ܢܘ

ܦܠܚܐ ܚܡܐ ܦܝܫܝ ܡܘ ܐ ܕܦܘ ܩܙ ܚܬ ܢܘ ܢܝ ܟܬ ܕܡ ܥܐ ܕܘ ܕܘ ܐ ܕܡܐܡܪܐ ܘܠܡ ܕܡ ܠܦܪܫܐ ܗ ܒܥܕܢܐ ܕܩܪܝܬ.

ܝܢܐ ، ܐ ܙ ܪ ܫܡܢ ܦܠܚܐ ܒܬ ܝܢܐ ܦܐܫ ܡܘ ܩܙܐ ܕܙ ܢܘ ܐ ܕܠܐ ܗܘܝ

ܐ ܘܡܠܠ ܐ ܓܕܫܢܝ ܐ ܘܚܠܦܫܡܗ ܓܕܫܢܝ ܪܐ ܒ ܘܘ ܥܛܘܦܬ. ܐܣܝ

ܛܦܐ ؛ܝܢܐ ܘܙ

ܦܠܚܐ ܠܦܪܫ ܐ ܪܫܝܐ ܦܝܫܝ ܡܘ ܗܡ ܐ ܠܣ ܢ ܚܕܕ ܐ ܡ ܕ ܡܐܡܪܐ. ܕܚ

ܐ : ܡܐ ܬܪܝ ܛܦ ܓ ܟܠܐ ܠܦܬ ܠܬ ܕܣܘ ܦܠܚܐ ܩܐ ܝܗܒ ܦܝܫܝ ܡܘ ܝܗܝ. ܪ ܡܢ ܕܐܬܐ ܒܬ

ܡܐ. ܛܦܐ . ܓ ܬܡܐ ܕܦܬ ܦܠܚܐ ܒܚܘ ܦܐܫ ܡܘ

ܕܥܐ ؟ ܝ ܐܠܐ ܕܫܘ

ܐܠܝܐ. ܡܐ ܫܘ ܓ ܬܡܐ ܕܦܬ ܦܠܚܐ ܒܚܘ ܦܐܫ ܡܘ

ܕܥܐ ! ܝ ܡܪܐ ܕܕܘ

ܡܪܝܐ. ܡܐ ܕܘ ܓ ܬܡܐ ܕܦܬ ܦܠܚܐ ܒܚܘ ܦܐܫ ܡܘ

ܗܪܢܐ " ܬܐ، ܣ ܪܝܐ ܘܦܪܩܬ ܕܣܗܕܘ ܦܠܚܐ ܒܫܘ ܦܝܫܝ ܡܘ ܢ ܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܕܣܝܘܡܐ. ܕܗܡܙܡ

ܣܪܛܐ ـܝܕܐ ܕܚܘ

ܟܒܐ. ܐ ܡܪ ܦܠܚܐ ܓܘ ܫܡܢ ܦܐܫ ܡܘ

ܦܠܚܬ ܩܕܡ ܩܫܬ ) ( ܡܐ ܦܝܫܐ ܡܘ ܓ ܕ ܦܬ ܪ ܟܠ ܚ ܘܒܬ ܫܐ. ܟܠܐ ܦܪܝ ܕ ܣܘ ܬܠܗ ܚ ܕܐܝ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

9

T’ip-pa period . ܛܦܐ

full stop

ܝܢܐ Zaena Comma ، ܙ

ܐ Tre t’ippe Colons : ܬܪܝܢ ܛܦ

ܐܠܐ ܕܥܐ ܕܫܘ Yadaa ؟ ܝ

dshoala

question mark

ܡܪܐ ܕܥܐ ܕܕܘ ܝ

! Yadaa

d- domara

exclamation

mark

ܝܕܐ Sirt’a ـ ܣܪܛܐ ܕܚܘ

dkhoyada

hyphen

ܐ ܢܩ ܫ ܢܝ ܕܬܢܝܬ

" " neshanqe

d’tnaita

Quotation

qishta Brackets ) ( قشةأ

Kaokhwa asertix * كوخثأ

ܕܥܐ ܝ ܬܐ ܘܝܘ ܕܫ

= Shaoye Equal

ܡܐܢܝܬ

% Aata d a’mma

Percentage

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

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Rules of pronounciation ܡܐ ܐ ܕܪܬ ܩܢܘܢ

: ܝܟ ܐ ܩܠܐ ܕ)ܣ( ܐ ܬ ܝܗܒ ܥܢܝ ܢ ܩ( ܡܬܬܙܝ ܕܡ )ܟ ܝ ܢ ܩ ܬ ܡ )ܙ( ܫܠܝ

ܪܝܐ ܢ ܙܟ ܪܝܐ( ܡ )ܣܟ

ܢ ܙܩܦܐ )ܣܩܦܐ( ܡ

: ܝܟ ܐ ܩܠܐ ܕ )ܙ( ܐ ܬ ܝܗܒ ܥܢܝ ܢ ܓ( ܡܬܬܙܝ ܕܡ )ܒ ܝ ܢ ܩ ܬ ܡ )ܣ( ܫܠܝ

ܢ)ܥܣܒܐ( herb or grassܥܙܒܐ ܡ

ܢ ܕܐ ܡ ܕܐ((ܒܙܓ .ܒܣܓ

: ܝܟ ܐ ܩܠܐ ܕ )ܓ( ܐ ܬ ܝܗܒ ܥܢܝ ܕܡ )ܕ( ܡܬܬܙܝ ܢ ܩ ܬ ܡ )ܩ( ܫܠܝ

ܩܕܢܐ( ܢ)ܦܘ ܓܕܢܐ ܡ ܦܘ

ܩܕܢܐ( ܢ)ܝ ܓܕܢܐ ܡ ܝ

ܩܐ( ܢ )ܛܠܝ ܩܐ ܡ : ܬܠܝ ܝܟ ܬ )ܛ( ܐ ܬܐ ܕ)ܠ( ܦܝܫܐ ܟܬܒ ܕܡ ܐܬܘ ܢ ܩ )ܬ( ܡ

ܢ)ܛܠܩ(. ܬܠܩ ܡ

ܟ ܢ ܠܐ ܒܥܝܬ ܕܛܠܩ ܫܡܘ ܐ

ܟ ܠܦ ܠܫܢܐ ܕܝܡܘ ܝܠܘܦ ܘܡ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

11

:ܗܪܐ ܠܐ ܟܬܒܬ ܬܠܩ ܐܠܐ ܛܠܩ. Caution ܙܘ ܐ Vowels ܙܘܥ

ܐ ܥܐ ܙܘܥ ܒ ܬ ܫ ܢܐ ܝܢܐ: ܓܘ ܠܫܢܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ. ܐܝ ܘܐ

The Assyrian Language has 7 Vowels,

ܨܐ. ܐ. ܪܘܚܐ. ܪܒ ܟ ܪܝ ܨܐ ܙܩܦܐ. ܦܬܚܐ. ܙܠܡܐ ܟܪܝܐ. ܙܠܡܐ ܝ ܚܒ

.

Zqapa ܙܩܦܐ

ܒܪܐ ܡܫܪܘܝܐ ܢ ܕܚ ܡ ܕܡܝܬ ܒܫܩܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܙܩܦܐ ܐܝ ܬܐ ܩ ܐ ܐܬܘ ܟ ܪܝ ܐ ܝܠܗ ܒܗܓܝܢܐ ܝ ܬܪܝܢ ܛܦ ܒ ܝܟ: ܬܐ ܐ ܒܪܫ ܐܬܘ

Zqapa or two diagonal dots over the letter, denotes the long “a” sound eg. ba, qa.)

Examples for zqapa ܐ ܦܣ :ܕܙܩܦܐ ܛܘ

father baba ܒ ܒܐ ܒܒܐ

priest qasha ܩ ܫܐ ܩܫܐ

sister khata ܚ ܬܐ

bee dabasha ܕܒ ܫܐ ܕܒܫܐ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

12

ܚܬ: ܠܬ ܫܚܬ ܒ ܩܪܝ ܠܚ

Read the following words

ata flag ܐܬܐ

atur Assyria ܐܬܘܪ

aturaya Assyrian ܐܬܘܪܝܐ

aha this ܐܗܐ

baba father ܒܒܐ

ܬ ܢܢܐ. nana grand mother ܣܒ

qala voice ܩܠܐ

ܐ a’wa forest ܥܒ

yala boy ܝܠܕܐ

ܐ sawa aged, old ܣܒ

yama sea ܝܡܐ

rama high ܪܡܐ

tama there ܬܡܐ

s’aoma fast ܨܘܡܐ

gawna colour ܓܘܢܐ

hawna brain ܗܘܢܐ

nata ear ܢܬ

pata face ܦܬ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

13

ܐ ktawa book ܟܬܒ

ܚܬ: ܠܬ ܫܚܬ ܒ ܩܪܝ ܠܚ

Read the following words (cont.)

girl Brata ܒܪܬܐ

village Mata ܡܬ

Eve Khawa ܚܘܐ

much Raba ܪܒܐ

cake Kada ܟܕܐ

wrestle Gdala ܓܕܠܐ

neck Qdala ܩܕܠܐ

singing Zmara ܙܡܪܐ

sweeping Knasha ܟܢܫܐ

jumping Ndaya ܢܕܝܐ

shining Zraqa ܙܪܩܐ

me, i Ana ܐܢܐ

white Khwara ܚܘܪܐ

day Yawma ܝܘܡܐ

struggle Aghona ܘܢܐ ܐܓ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

14

hall Awana ܐܘܢܐ

beautiful Shapeera ܪܐ ܫܦܝ

neat,tidy Lakhuma ܡܐ ܠܚܘ

ܚܬ: ܠܬ ܫܚܬ ܒ ܩܪܝ ܠܚ

Read the following words (cont)

high tempered Karoba ܟܪܘܒܐ

student Yalopa ܝܠܘܦܐ

guard nat’ora ܢܛܘܪܐ

reader Qaroya ܩܪܘܝܐ

stubborn Aasota ܐܣܘܛܐ

devil satana ܣܛܢܐ

martyr Sahda ܣܗܕܐ

doctor Asya ܐܣܝܐ

nurse(M) yas’opa ܝܨܘܦܐ

nurse(F) yas’opta ܝܨܘܦܬ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

15

Ptakha ܦܬܚܐ

ܒܪܐ ܗܘܝܐ ܒܙܢܐ ܕܦܬܚܐ ܕܡܝܬ ܕܚ ܬܐ ܩ ܢ ܐܬܘ ܡ ܬܐ ܘܗܘ ܐܝ ܠ ܐܬܘ ܕ ܥ ܐ ܚ ܐ ܦܝܫܝ ܡܘܬܒ ܬܪܝܢ ܛܦ : ܝܟ ܐ( ܐ ܪܬܝܢ ܓܗ ܡܬ ܬ ܦܬ )ܪܬܝ ܦܝ ܪ ܡܢܗ ܦܝܫܐ ܥ ܬܐ ܕܒܬ ܐ ܐܬܘ ܕܟ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܬܚܘܬܗ. ܗ

Ptakha is a dot above and one dot below the letter used to denote the short sound eg. aa, ba

aaܐ

daܕ gaܓ baܒ

haܗ

zaܙ o,waܘ

khaܚ

yaܝ t’aܛ

kaܝܟ

naܝܢ maܝܡ laܠ

sa ܣ

s’aܨ pa ܦ e’aܥ

qaܩ

raܪ taܬ shaܫ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

16

ܐ ܦܣ ܒܪܐ : ܛܘ .ܒܦܬܚܐ ܘܙܩܦܐܚ

Example words with: ptakha & sqapa

aqla

foot

ܩܠܐ ܩ ܠܐ ܐ ܐ

talga

snow

ܠܓܐ ܠ ܓܐ ܬ ܬ

a’ina

eye

ܝܢܐ ܝ ܢܐ ܥ ܝܥ

ganta

garden ܢܬ ܢ ܬܐ ܓ ܝܓ

Khamra wine

ܡܪܐ ܡ ܪܐ ܚ ܝܚ

ܐ ܓܝ ܒܪܐ ܒܬܠܬ ܗܘ ܐ ܕܚ ܦܣ :ܛܘ

Example: words with three syllables:

malpana

teacher

ܠܦܢܐ ܠ ܦ ܢܐ ܡ ܡ

Shatyana

drinker

ܬܝܢܐ ܬ ܝ ܢܐ ܫ ܫ

ta’mana

tasty

ܥܡܢܐ ܝܡ ܢܐ ܛ ܥ

ܛ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

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ܥܬ ܡܬ ܦܝܫܐ ܝܕܝ ܟܠ ܐܘ

ܗ ܘܒܠܫܢܗ ܬ ܝܡܢܘ ܒܗ

ܚܬ: ܠܬ ܫܚܬ ܒ ܩܪܝ ܠܚ

Read the following words

delicious Baseema ܡܐ ܣܝ ܒ

fat shameena ܢܐ ܡܝ ܫ

humble makeekha ܐ ܟ ܟܝ ܡ

summer q’aita ܝܛܐ ܩ

five Khamsha ܡܫܐ ܚ

drug Sama ܡܐ ܣ

level .stage Mashqla ܫܩܠܐ ܡ

east Madnkha ܚܐ ܕܢ ܡ

west Marwa ܐ ܒ ܥܪ ܡ

north Garbya ܪܒܝܐ ܓ

south Taimna ܝܡܢܐ ܬ

snow Talga ܠܓܐ ܬ

earth Araa ܪܥܐ ܐ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

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moon Sahra ܗܪܐ ܣ

light Bahra ܗܪܐ ܒ

bread Lakhma ܚܡܐ ܠ

milk Khalwa ܐ ܠܒ ܚ

yogurt Masta ܣܬ ܡ

rose Warda ܪܕܐ ܘ

ܚܬ: ܠܬ ܫܚܬ ܒ ܩܪܝ ܠܚ

Read the following words (cont)

lion Arya ܪܝܐ ܐ

bitter mareera ܪܐ ܪܝ ܡ

sour khamusa ܨܐ ܡܘ ܚ

spicy sarupa ܦܐ ܪܘ ܨ

tax madata ܐܬܐ ܕ ܡ

dog Kalba ܠܒܐ ܟ

camel Gamla ܡܠܐ ܓ

ewe wa’ na ܥܢܐ ܘ

veal sharkha ܪܚܐ ܫ

homeland Atra ܬܪܐ ܐ

gold dahwa ܐ ܗܒ ܕ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

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eye a’ina ܝܢܐ ܥ

wood Qaisa ܝܣܐ ܩ

hunt s’aida ܝܕܐ ܨ

sword Saipa ܝܦܐ ܣ

power Khaila ܝܠܐ ܚ

leaf t’arpa ܪܦܐ ܛ

chest s’adra ܕܪܐ ܨ

door tara’ ܪܥܐ ܬ

ܪܬܐ Darta yard ܕ

ܚܫܐ dakhsha police ܕ

ܗܪܐ Bahra light ܒ

ܢܕܢܐ pandana foxy ܦ

ܝܠܐ Aila deer ܐ

ܢܬ At you ܐ

ܢܢܐ ganana gardener ܓ

ܪܐ ܒ Qawra grave ܩ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

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ܐ ܦܟ ܡܬ ܕܗ ܟܠ ܐܘ

ܦܠܐ ܠ ܓܢܗ ܒܕ ܢ ܥ

Zlama kirya ܙܠܡܐ ܟܪܝܐ

ܐ ܬܚܘܬ ܐ ܠܕܦܢܐ ܕܚܕܕ ܬ ܕܬܪܝܢ ܛܦ ܒ ܬ ܦܠܚܐ ܒܗܓܝܢܐ ܟܪܝܐ ܒܡ ܫܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܘ ܗܢܐ ܙܘܥܐ ܦܝ ܬ ܦܝܫܐ ܝܢܝ ܬܐ ܬܪ ܐ ܐܬܘ ܕܟ ܬܐ. ܗ ܝܟ ܐܬܘ ܐ( ܐ ܪܬܝܢ ܓܗ ܡܬ ܬ ܦܬ )ܪܬܝ ܦܝ :ܥ

Zlama kirya or two small horzntal dotes under the letter denotes a short “i”

sound eg ܠܡ = lim. ܠܒ

aiܐ

diܕ giܓ bi ܒ

khiܚ

yiܝ t’i ܛ

ki ܝܟ

niܝܢ miܝܡ liܠ

siܣ

s’i ܨ pi ܦ e’i ܥ

tiܬ shiܫ riܪ qiܩ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

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ܐ ܦܣ ܒܪܐ: ܛܘ ܙܠܡܐ ܟܪܝܐ ܘܙܩܦܐ ܚ .ܒ

Examples: word with Zlama kirya & Zqapa

Cattle biq’ra ܒܩ ܪܐ ܒܩܪܐ

Sun shimsha ܝܫܡ ܫܐ ܫܡܫܐ

Beard diq’na ܕܩ ܢܐ ܕܩܢܐ

Heart lib- ba ܠܒ ܒܐ ܠܒܐ

Mother yim-ma ܝܝܡ ܡܐ ܝܡܐ

ܬ ܪܝܐ ܕܒܪܝ ܢ ܫܘ ܡܬ ܗܐ ܡ ܡܗܐ ܕܗܕܐ ܐܘ ܫܘ

ܬ ܬ ܒܫܡ ܐܬܘܪ ܩܪܝ ܡ ܒܪܫܝ ܬ ܓܒܠܗ ܠܐܕ ܒ ܥܪܘ ܒ

ܚܬ: ܠܬ ܒ ܫܚܬ ܩܪܝ ܠܚ

Read the following words

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

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name shimma ܫܡܐ

bear Dibba ܕܒܐ

heart Libba ܠܒܐ

nest Qinna ܩܢܐ

tiger Nimra ܢܡܪܐ

eagle Nishra ܢܫܪܐ

female Niqwa ܐ ܢܩܒ

sweet Khilya ܚܠܝܐ

skin Gilda ܓܠܕܐ

beard Diqna ܕܩܢܐ

ulcer shikhna ܫܚܢܐ

root e’qra ܥܩܪܐ

frog Piqa ܦܩܐ

rain mit’ra ܡܛܪܐ

blossom.bud Piqkha ܦܩܚܐ

short Kirya ܟܪܝܐ

gathering Kinsha ܟܢܫܐ

kind, sort tighma

ܡܐ ܬܓ

oil mishkha ܡܫܚܐ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

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ܚܬ: ܠܬ ܒ ܫܚܬ ܩܪܝ ܠܚ

Read the following words (cont)

nail t’ipra ܛܦܪܐ

bag Kista ܟܣܬ

salt milkha

ܡܠܚܐ

circle Khiga ܚܓܐ

mistake khilt’a ܚܠܛܐ

harp Kinara ܟܢܪܐ

meat Bisra ܒܣܪܐ

bow q’ishta ܩܫܬ

bad Khirba ܚܪܒܐ

goat e’za ܥܙܐ

joy pis’kha ܦܨܚܐ

wide Pitya ܦܬܝܐ

ܐ ܟ ܪܝ Zlama Yarikha ܙܠܡܐ ܝ

ܐ. ܗܢܐ ܙܘܥܐ ܟ ܪܝ ܦܠܚܐ ܒܗܓܝܢܐ ܝ ܬܐ ܘܦܐܫ ܡܘ ܐ ܬܚܘܬ ܐܬܘ ܐ ܬܚܘܬ ܚܕܕ ܠܗ ܬܪܝܢ ܛܦ ܝ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

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Zlama yarikha or two small diagonal dots under the letter sound eg (ae, be,ge).

ܐ. ܒ. ܓ

aeܐ

deܕ geܓ beܒ

heܗ

zeܙ weܘ

kheܚ

yeܝ t’eܛ

keܝܟ

neܝܢ meܝܡ le ܠ

seܣ

s’eܨ peܦ e’eܥ

qeܩ

teܬ sheܫ reܪ

ܐ ܦܣ ܒܪܐ :ܛܘ ܐ ܘܙܩܦܐ ܚ ܟ ܪܝ .ܒܙܠܡܐ ܝ

Example: words with Zlama yarikha & Zqapa.

ܕܐ

ܐ ܐ ܒ Wolf (dewa) ܕܐܒ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

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ܣܐ

Silver(sema ) ܣܐܡܐ ܡܐ

ܬܐ

Fig (tena) ܬܐܢܐ ܢܐ

ܟܐ

Stone(kepa ) ܟܐܦܐ ܦܐ

ܚܬ: ܠܬ ܒ ܫܚܬ ܩܪܝ ܠܚ

Read the following words

ܟܐܢܐ

kena Fair

ܥܐܕܐ

e’eda Festival

ܒܐܡܐ

bema Stage

ܠܡܐܢܐ

lme- na Port

ܪܫܐ

resha Head

ܓܐܪܐ

gera Arrow

ܠܬ ܘ ܡܐܟ

mekhulta Food

ܪܘܚܐ( ܘ )Rwakha

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

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ܬܐ ܕ )ܘܘ( ܘ ܠ ܐܬܘ ܕ ܛܦܐ ܥ ܠܗ ܚ ܦܠܚܐ ܒܗܓܝܢܐܪܘܚܐ ܝ ܕܡܝܐ ܦܐܫ ܡܘ ܩ ܐ) ܡܗ (adjectivesܕܫܘ

The waw rwakha or a dot over the waw denotes “o” sound

aoܐܘ bo ܒܘ goܓܘ do ܕܘ

hoܗܘ woܘܘ zo ܙܘ

khoܚܘ t’oܛܘ yoܝܘ

ܟܘ loܠܘ mo ܡܘ noܢܘ ko

ܣܘ a’o ܥܘ poܦܘ s’oܨܘ So

qo ܩܘ ro ܪܘ sho ܫܘ toܬܘ

ܒܪܐ ܒܪܘܚܐ ܘܙܩܦܐ ܐ: ܚ ܦܣ ܛܘ Examples: words with Rwakha and Zqapa

z’ora Little

ܙܥܘ ܪܐ ܙܥܘܪܐ

s’lota prayer

ܨܠܘ ܬܐ ܨܠܘܬܐ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

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zq’ora kniting

ܙܩܘ ܪܐ ܙܩܘܪܐ

glola round

ܓܠܘ ܠܐ ܓܠܘܠܐ

khlola deep

ܚܠܘ ܠܐ ܚܠܘܠܐ

smoqa red

ܣܡܘ ܩܐ ܣܡܘܩܐ

ܐ. ܪܘܚܐ( ܘ ) ܘܕ ܐ ܥܒ ܫܡܗ ܦܠܚܬ ܒ ܦܝܫܐ ܡܘ

ܚܬ: ܠܬ ܐ ܒ ܦܣ ܝܟ ܛܘ ܐ

ܫܚܬ ܚܬ:ܩܪܝ ܠܚ ܠܬ ܒ

Read the following words

preacher Karoza ܟܪܘܙܐ

reader qaroya ܩܪܘܝܐ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

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writer katowa ܐ ܟܬܘܒ

anger karoba ܟܪܘܒܐ

poet makhora ܡܚܘܪܐ

lover makhoza ܡܚܘܙܐ

bell naqosha ܢܩܘܫܐ

law qanona ܩܢܘܢܐ

student Yalopa ܝܠܘܦܐ

guard nat’ora ܢܛܘܪܐ

brother a’khona ܚܘܢܐ ܐ

Assyrian Atoraya ܐܬܘܪܝܐ

little z’ora ܙܥܘܪܐ

December Kanon 1 0 ܟܢܘܢ

ܦܠܚܬ ܪܘܚܐ( ܘ ) ܐ ܦܝܫܐ ܡܘ ܦܫܡܗ : ܒܚܠ ܝܟ ܐ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

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Waw Rwakha is used with pronoun:

ܚܬܘܢ. ܘܢ.ܐ ܬܠܘܟ ܬܠܗܘܢ. ܐܝ ܐܝ

ܘܘ ܪܘܚܐ : ܝܟ ܐ ܐ ܥܪܐ ܕܫܡܢ ܦܠܚܬ ܒܙܘ ܦܝܫܐ ܡܘ ܘܢܐ. ܒܒܘܢܐ. ܬܘܢܬ. ܢܢܘܢܬ. ܣܒ ܟ ܠܘܕܐ. ܒ ܝ

ܦܠܚܬ ܒܙܢܐ ܦܩܘܕܐ ) ܘܘ ܪܘܚܐ : to orderܦܝܫܐ ܡܘ ܝܟ ( ܐ ܘܪ. ܩܘܡ. ܘܠ. ܥܘܠ. ܥܒ ܦܠܘܚ. ܐܟ

ܨܐ( ܘ ) Rwasa ܪܒ

ܝܟ: ܐ ܐ ܟܠܝ ܐ ܣܘ ܬܐ ܕ)ܘܘ( ܘܦܐܫ ܡܘܦܠܚܐ ܒܫܡܢ ܕ ܛܦܐ ܝܠܗ ܬܚܘܬ ܐܬܘ ܨܐ ܚ ܪܒ

Waw rwasa or a dot under the waw denotes “u” sound eg.

auܐܘ

duܕܘ guܓܘ buܒܘ

khu ܚܘ

yuܝܘ t’uܛܘ

kuܟܘ

nuܢܘ muܡܘ luܠܘ

suܣܘ

s’uܨܘ puܦܘ a’uܥܘ

quܩܘ

tuܬܘ shuܫܘ ruܪܘ

ܨܐ ܘܙܩܦܐ ܒܪܐ ܒܪܒ ܐ: ܚ ܦܣ ܛܘ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

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Examples: Words with Rwasa and Zqapa

ܚܘ

ܒܐ ܒܐ khuba ܚܘ

love

ܪ ܐܘ

ܪܚܐ ܚܐ aurkha ܐܘ

way

ܡ ܝܐܘ

ܡܬ ܬܐ aumta ܐܘ

naition

ܛܘ

ܪܐ ܪܐ t’ura ܛܘ

mountain

ܒ ܓܘ

ܪܐ ܪܐ ܒ gura ܓܘ

large

ܡ ܝܥܘ

ܡܪܐ ܪܐ a’umra ܥܘ

church

ܘܢ ܠܘܟ ܐܘ ܡܚܘܪܐ ܫܠܡܐ ܥ

ܢܝܐ ܕܠܫܢ ܐܬܘܪ ܡܘܢ ܒܩ ܟܬܘܒ

ܘܢ ܚܪܘܟ ܗܘ ܡ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

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ܚܬ : ܠܬ ܒ ܫܚܬ Read the following wordsܩܪܝ ܠܚ

ܫܝܐ knushya meeting ܟܢܘ

ܫܝܐ ܘ shgushya worry ܫܓ

ܡܝܐ t’lumya injustice ܛܠܘ

ܝܕܐ khuyada union ܚܘ

ܬܐܒܥܘ ba’uta petition

ܬܐ ܪܕܘ marduta culture ܡ

ܬܐ shawtaputa association ܫܘܬܦܘ

ܬܐ ܝܘ khaiyuta life ܚ

ܕܬܐ gudta ball ܓܘ

ܢܐ nuna fish ܢܘ

ܪܒܐ qurba near ܩܘ

ܚܐ rukha spirit ܪܘ

ܡܢܐ shumana naughty ܫܘ

ܪܒܢܐ qurbana eucharist ܩܘ

ܕܫܐ qudasha mass ܩܘ

ܡܪܐ dumara wonder ܕܘ

ܙܐ zuza money ܙܘ

ܣܐ susa horse ܣܘ

ܡܐ buma owl ܒܘ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

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ܚܐ lukha board ܠܘ

ܚܐ rukha spirit ܪܘ

ܨܐ Khwasaܝ ܚܒ

ܫܐ ܐ ܦܪܝ ܡܗ ܐ ܘܫܘ ܐܫ ܡܘܦܠܚܐ ܒܫܡܢ ܕ( ܘܦ ܕ ܛܦܐ ܝܠܗ ܬܚܘܬ )ܝܘ ܨܐ ܚ ܕ ܚܒ ܝܘ : ܝܟ ܐ

Youd khwasa or a dot under the youd denotes the long “ee”

aeeܐܝ

deeܕܝ geeܓܝ beeܒܝ

heeܗܝ

zeeܙܝ weeܘܝ

kheeܚܝ

yeeܝܝ t’eeܛܝ

keeܟܝ

meeܡܝ leeܠܝ

seeܣܝ

a’eeܥܝ

peeܦܝ

s’eeܨܝ

qeeܩܝ

teeܬܝ sheeܫܝ reeܪܝ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

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ܨܐ ܘܙܩܦܐ: ܐ ܕܚܒ ܒܙܘܥ ܫܚܬ ܩܪܝ ܠܚ

Examples: words with khwasa and Zqapa

ܐܝ

ܕܐ ܕܐ aeeda ܐܝ

hand

ܒܝ

ܫܐ ܫܐ beesha ܒܝ

bad

ܦܝ

ܠܐ ܠܐ peela ܦܝ

elephant

ܕܝ ܩ

ܫܐ ܫܐ ܕܝ qadeesha ܩ

saint

ܡܚܝ

ܠܐ ܠܐ mkheela ܡܚܝ

weak

ܠܐ ܬܝܐ ܡܠܝ ܪܢܫܐ ܐܝ ܒ

ܠܐ ܝ ܛܐ ܓܒ ܦܪܐ ܫܝ ܢ ܥ ܡ

ܪܐ ܦܝ ܡܐ ܘܫ ܟܡܐ ܠܚܘ

ܠܐ ܠܡܐ ܘܕܡܝܬ ܫܩܝ ܨ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

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ܚܬ ܠܬ ܒ ܫܚܬ :ܩܪܝ ܠܚ

Read the following words

ܪܐ 1 ܪܝ qareera cold ܩ

ܢܐ 2 deena judgment ܕܝ

ܡܐ 3 Psheema sad ܦܫܝ

ܩܐ 4 speeqa empty ܣܦܝ

ܡܐ 5 khleema thick ܚܠܝ

ܪܐ 6 t’meera buried ܛܡܝ

ܪܐ 7 ܝ qweera buried ܩܒ

ܠܢܐ 8 aeelana tree ܐܝ

ܩܐ 9 shteeqa quiet ܫܬܝ

ܩܐ 10 ܕܝ zadeeqa honest ܙ

ܣܢ 11 neesan April ܢܝ

ܩܐ 12 khleeqa locked ܚܠܝ

ܠܐ 13 qdeela key ܩܕܝ

ܪܐ 14 gmeera total ܓܡܝ

ܪܐ 15 ܝ dweera closed ܕܒ

ܚܐ 16 Pteekha open ܦܬܝ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

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ܫܐ 17 neesha target ܢܝ

ܫܐ 18 beesha bad ܒܝ

ܨܐ ܦܠܚܐ ܙܘܥܐ ܕܚܒ ܐܦܐܫ ܡܘ ܢܝ ܐ ܩ ܒܚܠܦܫܡܗ

is used with pronoun: khwasa

: ܝܟ ܐ

ܣܩܐ : ܐܝܠ :ܐ ܝܟ ܣܩܐ ܐ ܕܡ)ܝ( ܦܐܫ ܩܪܝܐ ܐ ܢ ܩ ܐ ܕܢܦܠ ܡ ܟ ܪܝ . ܒܝܬ . ܙܠܡܐ ܝ

ܢܝܐܫܠܝܡܘܢ ) (ܙܘܥܐ ܬܡܝ

my book ktawee ܝ ܟܬܒ

my love khleetee ܬܝ ܚܠܝ

my nation aumtee ܡܬܝ ܐܘ

my country atree ܬܪܝ ܐ

my school madrashtee ܫܬܝ ܕܪ ܡ

my house baitee ܝܬܝ ܒ

my head reshee ܪܫܝ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

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ܫܬ ܕܪ ܡ

ܪܝܐ ܕܡ ܐ ܒܐܙܠܐ ܫܘ ܫܬ ܝܠܗ. ܝܠܘܦ ܕܪ ܪܝܐ ܕܡ ܫܬ. ܫܘ ܕܪ ܐ ܝܢܐ ܕܒ ܐ ܚܕܝ ܫܬ. ܝܠܘܦ ܕܪ ܫܬ. ܐ ܝܢܐ ܐܙܠ ܝܢܐ ܠܡ ܕܪ ܠܡ

ܐ ܪܒܐ ܚ ܫܬ.ܐ ܝܢܐ ܕܒ ܕܝ ܟܠܝ ܝܠܘܦ ܕܪ ܐܙܠܐ ܝܢܐ ܠܡ

ܪܝ ܐ ܫܘ ܪܒܐ ܚܕܝ ܕܐ ܘܒܢܬ ܫܬ ܝܠܗ. ܘܟܠܝ ܝܠ ܕܪ ܐ ܕܡ

ܐ ܝܢܐ ܪܒܐ ܚܕܝ ܕܐ ܘܒܢܬ

ܫܬ. ܝܠ ܕܪ ܝܢܐ ܕܒܐܙܠܐ ܝܢܐ ܠܡ ܫ ܬ ܢ ܠܫܢܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ. ܒܐܗܐ ܫ ܒܬ ܩܪܝ ܕܒ ܒܬ ܩܪܝ ܒܘ

ܫܢܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ.ܙܘܕܐ ܒܠ

ܚܠܗ ܠ ܢ ܝܠܦ ܢ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ.ܟܠ ܫܢ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

37

ܐ ܐܠ ܫܘ

ܝܟܐ ܒܐܙܠܐ ܝܢܐ ܝܠܘܦ ܐ؟ܐ. ܐ ܐ ܝܢܐ ܝܠܘܦ ܐ؟ܒ. ܩܡܘܕܝ ܚܕܝ

ܐ ܝܢܐ؟ܓ. ܡܢܝ ܪܒܐ ܚܕܝ ܕܝ ܒ ܐ ܡܘ ؟ܕ. ܝܠܘܦ ܕܝ ܬ ܥܒ

ܕܝ ܟ ܚܠܗܗ. ܡܘ ܢ؟ ܐ ܩܪ ܠܫܢ

ܪܫܐ ܕܘ

ܢܐ ܡܐܡܪ 0 ܐ.ܝܠܘܦ ܠܩܪܝܬ ܕܐ

ܫܬ ܝܠ ܐ. ܫܘ ܕܪ ܗ.ܪܝܐ ܕܡ

ܫܬ.ܐ ܒ ܒ. ܝܠܘܦ ܕܪ ܐܙܠܐ ܝܢܐ ܠܡ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

38

ܐ ܝܢܐ ܕܒ ܕ ܓ. ܝܠ ܚܕܝ ܐܙܠܐ ܝܢܐ ܐ ܘܒܢܬ

ܫܬ. ܕܪ ܠܡ

ܐ ܒ ܫܢܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ.ܩܪܝ ܒܠ ܕܕ. ܝܠܘܦ

ܚܠܗ ܠ ܢ ܝܠܦ ܢ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ.ܗ. ܟܠ ܫܢ

ܐܠ 4 ܐ ܩܐ ܫܘ ܢܝ ܚܬ.ܬ ܠܕܐ ܐ ܟܬܘܒ ܦܘ

ܚ؟ܕܝ ܒ ܐ. ܡܘ ܕܐ ܝܘ ܥܒ

ܝܟܐ ܒܐܙܠܐ ܝܢܐ ܝܠܘܦ ܐ؟ܒ. ܐ

ܐ ܝܢܐ؟ܕܝ ܓ. ܡܢܝ ܪܒܐ ܚ

ܚܠܗ ܠ ܕܝ ܟܐ ܩܪ ܢ؟ܕ. ܡܘ ܫܢ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

39

ܢܐ ܗܡܙܡܢ 3 ܬ ܕܐ ܐ.ܝܠܘܦ ܠܟܬܒ

ܫܬ ܕܪ ܪܝܐ ܡ ܐܙܠܐܒ ܠ ܐܙ ܫܘ

ܐ ܒ ܬ ܚܕܝ ܬܩܪܝ ܒ ܬܚܕܝܐ ܚܕܝ

ܝ ܠ ܫܢܐ ܐܬܘܪ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܬ ܟܬܒ

ܐ.ܐܬܘܪܝ

ܪܨ ܡܠܐ-ܬܘ ܡ

( ܒܠ ܩܝ ܡܡܛܝ ܫܢܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ)ܓܪ

ܐܠܐ ܬ ܒܠ .ܫܘ ܐ ܐܝ ܫܢܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ؟ܟܡܐ ܐܬܘܬ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

40

ܢܝܐ ܬ .ܦܘ ܐ ܒܠ 44ܐܝ ܝܟ ܐܬܘܬ ܫܢܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ. ܐ ܪܟܐ. ܐ. ܒ. ܓ. ܕ ܘܫ

ܐܠܐ ܬܐ؟ .ܫܘ ܕܝ ܝܠܗ ܐܬܘ ܡܘ

ܢܝܐ ܪܬܐ. .ܦܘ ܬܐ ܝܠܗ ܚܕܐ ܨܘ ܐܬܘ

ܝܟ ܕ ܚ ܡ ܪܟܐ.ܡ ܐ ܬ ܘܫ

ܕܝ ܝܠܗ ܗܡ ܐܠܐ. ܡܘ ܙܡܢ؟ܫܘ

ܢܝܐ. ܗܡ ܨܬܐ ܝܠܗ ܦܘ ܢ ܙܡܢ ܬܪܝ ܢ ܡ ܪܬܢ ܝ ܬ ܦܣܐ.ܙܘܕܐ ܐܬܘܬ ܐ. ܩܐ ܛܘ

ܢ.ܩܐ ܠܐ ܗ ܐ ܝ

ܡܐ.ܝܠܕܐ ܩܪܝ ܫ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

41

ܐ. ܒܪܬܐ ܙܡܘܪ ܟܬܒ

ܬܐ.ܗܡ ܪܫܐ ܐܬܘ ܙܡܢ ܕܘ

ܕܘܪܫܐ

ܟܬܘܒ 0 ܪܬܝܢ ܐܬܘܬ ܙܗܡ ܐ. ܬܠܬ ܐ ܕܬ ܐ.ܡܢ

ܐ.ܐܬܘܬ ܐ ܕܬܠܬ ܗܡܙܡܢ ܒ. ܬܠܬ ܥ ܐܬܘܬ ܓ. ܬܠܬ ܪܒ ܐ ܣܐ ܐ.ܗܡܙܡܢ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

42

ܦܠ 4 ܕ ܡ ܒܪܐ ܓܘ ܚ ܐܡܪܐ.ܡ ܚ ܠܟܠ ܚ

ܪܐ. ܠܢܐ ܛܘ ܝܠܕܐ ܒܪܬܐ ܕܪܬܐ ܐܝ

ܐ. ܦܣܐ. ܟܬܒ ܩܐ ܛܘ ܐ ܝܠ ܗ.ܐܗܐ ܟܬܒ

ܪܐ ܝܠ ܦܝ ܐ ܫ ܗ.ܟܬܒ ܕ ܬ ܠܝ ܚ ܪܐ. ܐܢܐ ܐܝ ܦܝ ܐ ܫ ܟܬܒ

ܡܬ ܡܙ ܚܕܐ ܗ

ܝ[ ܝ ]ܫܠܡܐ ܠܟ ܐܬܘܪ. ܫܠܡܐ ܐܠܟ ܢܐ. ܐܬܘܪܝ

ܢ ܝ ܝܘ ܐܬܘܪܝ ܝܢܐ ܐܬܘܪ. ܕܐܟ ܬ؟ܐ. ܒܫ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

43

ܢ ܝܝ ܝܘ ܐܬܘܪ. ܨܦ ܡܬ ܐ ܣܝ ܬܝ ܒ ܬܝ ܢ. ܗܘܝ ܬܝ؟ ܝ ܝܘ ܕܐܟ

ܢ ܦ ܐܢܐ ܨܦܝܝ ܝܘܢ ܗܘ ܐܬܘܪܝ ܬ ܐ. ܐܘ ܡܐ. ܣܝ ܒ

ܕܝ ܒ ܬܝ؟ܐܬܘܪ. ܡܘ ܐ ܝܘ ܟܬܒ ܢܐ. ܒ ܐ ܕ ܬܘܪܝ ܐ ܝܘܢ ܚ ܐ ܩܐ ܟܬܒ ܟܬܒ

ܒ .ܚ ܪܬܝ ܒ ܝܟܐ ܟܐ ܗܘܝܐ ܚ ܝ؟ܐܬܘܪ. ܐ ܪܬܟ

ܒ ܪܬܝ ܟܐ ܗܘܝܐ )ܚܝܐ( ܓܘ ܐܬܘܪܝܢܐ. ܚ . ܪܡܝ ܐܘ

ܕ ܐ ܬ ܠܝ ܚ ܦ ܐܢܐ ܐܝ ܪܐ ܬܡܐ. ܬܘܪ. ܐܘ ܒ ܚ ܢܐ. ܟܐ ܟܬ ܐ؟ܐܬܘܪܝ ܟ ܟܬܒ ܠܘ ܒ ܕ ܐܬܘܪ. ܗܐ. ܒܟܠ ܪܚܐ ܟܐ ܫ ܐ. ܪܝ ܟܝ ܬܒ

ܪܐ ܝܠ ܒ ܗ.ܪܒܐ ܨܦܝܝ ܚ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

44

ܢܐ. ܒ ܕ ܐܬܘܪܝ ܟ ܚ ܬܠܘ ܚܕܝܐ ܝܘܢ ܕܐܝ ܪܐ. ܒ ܨܦܝܝ ܚ

ܪܣܐ ܩܪܝܐ ܝܬܘ ܢ ܒܠ ܫܢܐ ܐܬܘܪ. ܟܡܐ ܕ ܢ؟ ܕܓܢ

ܢܐ. ܬܠܬ ܪܣܐ ܩܪܝ ܐܬܘܪܝ ܚ.ܕ ܐ ܝܘ ܢ ܩ ܚܢ ܚܪܝ ܐܬܘܪ. ܐ ܪܣܐ ܐ ܝܘ ܥ ܕ ܪܒ ܐ

ܢ.ܒܠ ܫܢܐ ܕܓܢ ܬܘܢ ܐ ܟܐ ܩܪܝ

ܬ ܒܬ ܟܡܐ ܣܥ ܢܐ. ܒܫ ܬܘܪܝ ܢ؟ܫܢܐ ܕܓ ܒܠ ܢ

ܚ ܐ ܒܬ ܟܐ ܩܪ ܐ ܫ ܐܬܘܪ. ܒܫ . ܘܐܕܝ ܬ ܬ ܣܥ

ܝܢܐ.ܠ ܥܕܢܐ ܝܠܗ ܕܐܙ ܫ ܒܫ ܢ. ܦܘ ܝܢܐ ܢܐ. ܪܒܐ ܒܫ ܐܬܘܪܝ

.

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

45

ܕܘܪܫܐ

ܢ 0 ܬ ܕܐ ܐ.ܡܙܡܢ ܗ ܐ ܝܠܘܦ ܠܟܬܒ

ܘ ܚܝ ܘ ܘܢ ܝ ܢ ܝ ܘ ܬܘܢܝ ܬܝ ܝ ܘ ܬ ܝ ܠ ܢܐܝ ܠܗ ܝ ܗ ܝ

ܦܣ ܐܛܘ

ܩܪܝܐ ܒܩܪܝܐ ܝܘܢ ܒ ܝܘܢ

ܩܪܝܐ ܒܩܪܝܐ ܝܘܬ ܒ ܬܝ ܝܘ

ܩܪܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܒܩܪܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܒ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

46

ܚܒ ܩܪܝܐ ܝܘ ܩܪܝܐ ܝܬܘܢܒ ܩܪܝܐ ܝܢܐܒ

ܦܠܚ ܓܘ ܡܐܡܪܐ ܠܗܡܙܡܢ 4 ܐ.ܡ ܘ ܘܢ ܝ ܘܢ ܝ ܬܝ.ܝ ܬܘ ܬ ܝ

ܐ ܝܘ . ܒܟܬܒ ܝܟ ܐ.ܐ ܕ ܟܬܒ ܢ ܚ

ܢܐ ܡܐܡܪ 3 ܐ.ܝܠܘܦ ܠܩܪܝܬ ܕܐ ܒ ܕ ܐ. ܐܕܝܘܡ ܩܘ . ܠܝ ܚ ܪܝ ܒ ܢ ܚ ܐ ܡ ܟܬܒ

ܬ ܕ ܒ. ܐܢܐ ܐܝ ܪܐ. ܠܝ ܚ ܒ ܨܦܝܝ ܚ ܚܒ ܡܐ ܕܡܘ ܣܝ ܬ ܓ. ܗܘܬ ܒ ܟ ܩܬܝ ܒܘ ܪܘ

ܕܪܣ.ܬ ܠܫܠܡܝ ܩܐ ܕ. ܝܗܒ . ܟ

ܗܘ ܐܒ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

47

ܐ ܕܫܢܬ ܩܡ ܪܒܥܐ ܐ ܢܐ ܝܢܐ ܐ ܐ. ܐ ܩܡ ܪܒܥܐ ܐ ܪܚܐ ܘܐ ܪ ܝ ܬ ܠܗ ܬܪܥܣ : ܟܠ ܫܢܬ ܐܝ

ܥܐ ܝ ܐ ܘܣܬܘܐ.، ܪܒ ܝܛܐ. ܬܫܪܝ ܩ

ܬ ܠܗ ܩܡܐ ܐܝ ܪܚܐ ܘܟܠ ܐ ܢܐ ܝܢܐ ܬܠܬ ܝ ܪܚܐ. ܐ ܬܠܬ ܝ ܢ ܕܡܝܐ )ܐ(: ܬܫܪܝ ܢ ܩ ܠܘܠ، ܬܫܪܝ ܐ: ܐܝ ܕܬܫܪܝ

. ܐܚܪܝܐ )ܒ(

ܢ ܡ ܚܐ ܒܩܝܫܐ. ܘܐܝ ܚܐ ܢܝ ܪܐ ܢܝ ܐ ܗܘܐ ܟܐ ܫ ܒܬܫܪܝ ܢܐ ܝܢܐ ܪܕܘ ܐ ܙ ܠܢ ܪܦܐ ܕܐܝ ܕܗܘܐ ܒܩܝܫܐ ܝܠܗ، ܛ

ܪܥܐ: ܘܟܐ ܬܢ ܠ ܐ ܢ(. ܘܒܢܬܪܐ ܥ ܚ )ܐܬܐܠܗ ܬܫܪܝ ܕ ܢܐ ܚ ܐ ܘܡܛܪܬܐ. ܐܝ ܢ ܦܘܚ ܐ ܟܐ ܗܘܐ ܡܠܝܐ ܡ ܬܫܪܝ

ܐ. ܚܠܦܐ ܝܠܗ ܩܐ ܝܠܘܦ ܣܘܕܢܐ ܫܘ

ܬܪܢܐ ܕܓܢܗ ܀ ܬ ܠܗ ܝܘ ܩܡܐ ܐܝ ܀ ܟܠ ܐ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

48

ܐ ܐܠ ܫܘ

ܬܠܗ ܟܠ ܫܢܬ 0 ܪܚܐ ܐܝ ؟ܟܡܐ ܝ

ܬ ܠܗ 4 ܐ ܐܝ ܚܠܦ ؟ܟܠ ܫܢܬ ܟܡܐ ܫܘ

ܐ ܕܫܢܬ 3 ܚܠܦ ܪܒܥܐ ܫܘ ܝܢܝ ܝܢܐ ܐ ؟ܐ

ܪܚܐ ܕܫܢܬ 2 ܝܢܝ ܝܢܐ ܬܠܬ ܝ ؟ܐ

ܐ 5 ܝ ܟܐ ܗܘܐ ܒܬܫܪܝ ؟ܗܘܐ ܕܐܟ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

49

ܪܫܐ ܕܘ

ܐ ܕܐܠܬܚܬ: 0 ܐܠ ܐ ܩܐ ܫܘ ܢܝ ܟܬܘܒ ܦܘ

ܬ ܠܗ ܟܠ ܫܢܬ ܐ ܐܝ ܩܡ ؟ܐ. ܟܡܐ ܐ

ܐ ܕܫܢܬ ܩܡ ܪܒܥܐ ܐ ܝܢܝ ܝܢܐ ܐ ؟ܒ. ܐ

ܚܠܦܐ ܕܟܡܐ ܕܫܢܬ ܝܠܗ ܐ ܫܘ ؟ܓ. ܬܫܪܝ

ܪܚܐ ܕܫܢܬ ܝܢܝ ܝܢܐ ܬܠܬ ܝ ؟ܕ. ܐ

ܐ ܝ ܟܐ ܗܘܐ ܒܬܫܪܝ ؟ܗ. ܗܘܐ ܕܐܟ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

50

ܢܬ ܪܡܝ ܦ

ܬ ܪܣܝ . ܒܘ ܗ ܕ ܦܘ ܐ ܕܚܕܐ ܟܠܣ ܠܐ ܗܘܘ ܝܠܝ ܝܠܘܦ ܚ ܕܐܗܐ ܕ ܓܡܥܠܗܘܢ ܠܚܕܕܐ ܘܐܡܪܗܘܢ: ܡܘܕܝ ܥܒ

ܪܣ ܕܐܕܝܘܡ ܢ ܕ ܚ ܡ ܝܗܝ ܐܡܪܗ: ؟ܕܥܪܩ ܕ ܡܢ ܚ ܕ ܠ ܕܙܓܐ ܡܚܐ. ܚ ܚ ܗ ܚ ܘܠܐ ܐܬ ܬܝܡܘܢ ܦܠܛ

ܪܘܗ ܩܘ ܪܐܠܗ ܒ ܢ ܫܘ ܠܦܢ ܢ ܕܡ ܡ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܐܡܪܗ ܠܐ! ܐܝ ܢܝܘ ܪܣ ܠܐ ܝܘܬ ܬܘ ܚ: ܪܒܝ ܐܗܐ ܕ ܢ ܬܢ

ܪܣ: ܟܠ ܗ ܕ ܢܐ ܒܪܐ: ܐܝ ܢܐ ܠܗܘܢ ܪܒܐ ܚ ܐ ܬܘ ܕܟ ܢ! ܗ ܩܬ

ܪܣ. ܢ ܕ ܚܙܐܠܗܘܢ ܕܠܐ ܡܨܝ ܥܪܩܝ ܡ

ܬ. ܩܡܠܗ ܬ ܗܘܐ ܫܠܝ ܒ ܪܬܐ ܚܕܐ ܒܪܬܐ ܕܝܬܝ ܘܚ ܪܚܐ ܕܩܪܝܬ. : ܐܗܐ ܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܐܘ ܪܘܬܝ ܒ ܘܐܡܪܗ ܚ

ܕ ܚ ܚ ܚ ܘܝܠܦ ܐ ܕܩܪ ܐܟ ܚ ܠ ܐ ܝܘ ܢ ܐܬܝ ܚܢ . ܐ ܡܢܕܝ

ܢ. ܠܦܢ ܚܠܗ ܡ ܢ ܬܢ ܪܣ ܗܝ ܕ ܦܘ ܚ ܝܠܝ ܢ ܠܐ ܝܘ ܘܐܝܗܝ. ܟ ܠܗܘܢ ܠܕܘ ܐ ܝܬܒ ܒܪܐ. ܝܠܘܦ ܢܐ ܚ ܒܐ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

51

ܪܣ ܕܐܕܝܘܡ ܕܥܐ ܝܘܢ ܕ ܠܦܢܐ ܘܐܡܪܗ: ܒܝ ܥܒܪܗ ܡ ܗܝ. ܠܘ ܕܢ ܬܢܝܬ ܥ ܬ ܕܐܗܐ ܒܕ ܥܒ ܣܩܐ ܝܠܗ ܒܘ ܥ

ܗܝ ܝ ܝܢ ܐ ܪܒܐ ܚܕܐܠܗܘܢ ܘܒܥ ܝܗܝ ܝܠܘܦ ܒܪܫ ܠܦܠܗ ܩܬܝܗܝ ܚܕܐ ܢ ܒܪܬܐ ܕܡܘ ܛܥܢܗܘܢ ܡܢܬ ܡ

ܪܣ ܕܟܠܣ. ܢ ܕ ܫ ܨܦܝܝ ܡ ܪܣ ܒܘ ܨܦܝܝ ܕ

ܐ ܀ ܢܐ ܗܡܙܡܢ ܦܠܚ ܒܡܐܡܪܐ ܠܐ ܀ ܡ

ܐܡܪܗܘܢ ...................................

..........................

ܠܗܘܢ ........................ ..................................ܟܬܒ

ܪܩܕܠܗܘܢ ...........................................................

ܚܙܐܠܗܘܢ ...........................................................

ܢܐܠܗܘܢ .......................................................... ܬܘ

ܡܙ ܡܠܗܘܢ .......................................................ܗܘ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

52

ܢܛܪܬܐ ܕܩܢܘܢܐ

ܕ ܘܢ ܐܠܗ ܕܚܕܐ ܡܬ ܒܥ ܐ ܘܒܢܬ ܕ ܝܘܡܐ ܝܠ ܚ ܪܗܡ ܗܘܐܠ ܕܛ ܫܝܐ ܓܢܐ. ܐܒ

ܪܐ ܐܠܝ ܛ ܗ ܓܘ ܕ ܣܬ[ ܘܐ ܕܚ ܕܐ ]ܕ ܕܐ ܕܗܘ ܓܘ ܣܚܩ ܓܘ ܝ

ܕܐ ܐ ܪܗܡܪ ܚ ܓܘ ܒ ܪ ܢܐ. ܐ ܒ ܗܝ ܘܚ ܘܬܘ ܫܝܐ ܠܗ ܙ ܐ ܘܢ ܓܢܝ. ܘܗܝܓܗ ܠܗܘܢ ܘܛܘ

ܣܚܩ ܗܝ ܗܘ ܐܝ ܪܘܬܘ ܒ ܥܘ ܐܠܗ ܘܚ ܝܐ ܘܢ ܛ

ܢܐ ܠܐ ܡܨ ܫܟܚܐ ܠܗ ܒܬܪܝ. ܐܝ ܘܢ. ܝ ܠܗ ܘܢ ܡ ܚܡܢ ܣܚܩ ܬܘ ܢ ܢܗ. ܐܣܩ ܗ ܩܐ ܓ ܡܪ ܗ ܘܐ ܐܝ

ܫܐ ܒܘ ܠܢܐ ܕܚ ܢ ܬܡܐ ܠܐܗܐ ܐܝ ܩܘܡܐ ܕܡ ܕ ܣܩܠ ܢ. ܐ ܢܗܘ ܢ ܚܙ ܡܨ ܡ ܗ ܠܚ ܥܘܐ ܟ ܦ

ܢܥ ܠܢܐ ܘܡ ܩܐ ܠܝܐ ܕܐܝ ܫܘ ܬܡܐ ܗܘܐܠܗ ܓ ܒܐ.ܠܟܠ ܓ

ܐ ܐܝ ܥ ܝ ܪܒ ܟܬܒ

53

ܕ ܝ ܣܚܩ ܟ ܥܘܐ ܚܙܐܠ ܐܝ ܠ ܦ ܐ ܥ ܒ ܕ ܗ ܚ ܬܝ ܢ ܢܒܠܐ ܥܠܠ ܡ ܟܐ ܘܣܡܘܩܐ ܟܘ ܫܐ ܝ ܒܘ ܚ ܫܛܐ ܠܗ ܡܗ. ܦܘ ܐ ܕܦܘ ܝ ܪܫܗ. ܨܠܐܠܗܘܢ ܡ

ܒܐ ܠ ܕܗ ܘܓܘ ܫ ܐܝ ܒܘ ܪܐ ܠܗ ܐܗ ܠܚ ܘܫܘ ܢ ܒܬ ܒܩܪܛ ܘܐ ܡܚܝܐ ܗ ܪ ܟܠ ܩܪܛܐ ܕܒ ܗ. ܡ

ܝ ܪܩܘ ܫܐ ܫ ܒܘ ܡ ܗ ܗ ܠܚ ܥܡ ܗ ܘܐ ܦܘ ܢ ܛ ܗ ܡ

ܡܐ. ܣܝ ܒ