this course has been supported by the president’s emergency plan for aids relief (pepfar) through...

This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02

Building Design and Engineering Approaches to Airborne Infection Control

1

AEROSOL FILTRATIONPresented by:Tobias van ReenenCSIR


2

Overview

Background

Standards

Filter Selection

Testing and Maintenance=25 Slides


3

HEPA Filters in History

~1942 1962 1982 2002 2012


4

Types of Filters (Dust)

Course Filters

Medium Filters Aerosol Filters

G1-G4 M5-M6E10-E12

FineFilters

F7-F9

EN 779:2012 EN 1822:2009

H13-H14

U15-U17

Averagearrestance (Am)of synthetic dust

%

Averageefficiency (Em)

for 0.4 μm particles

%

Integral efficiency

MPPS

Minimumefficiency (ME)


%

Integral and Local efficiency

MPPS


5

Application of Filters (Dust)

Course Filters

Medium Filters Aerosol FiltersFine

Filters

Used to protect building services from

Atmospheric dust

Used to keep interior spaces free of bio-

aerosols and microscopic dust

Used to keep interior spaces

visibly clean


6

Principles of Filtration• A HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate

Air) filter with an H13 Classification has an overall filter efficiency of 99,95 % according to EN1822.

• The filter penetration should therefore not exceed 0,05%

• 99,95% + 0,05% = 100%

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Efficiency / Arresta

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= 99,95%

Penetration = 0,05%

http://www.umm.edu/imagepages/19338.htm


7

Principles of Filtration

Camfil Farr


8


Images: Trox Filtration and Camfil Farr


9

Principles of FiltrationGroup Filter Class

EN1822

Integral Value Local Value

MPPS Efficiency %

MPPS Efficiency %

HEPA H13 99.95 % 99.75 %

H14 99.995 % 99.975 %

ULPA U15 99.999 5 % 99.997 5 %

U16 99.999 95 % 99.999 75 %

U17 99.999 995 % 99.999 975 %


10


Images: Trox Filtration and Camfil Farr

• MPPS = Most Penetrating Particle Size

• MPPS ≠ 0.3µm

• MPPS efficiency ≠ 0.3µm efficiency


11

Aerosol Filtration Standards

MIL-STD-282:1995.ANSI/UL 586:2004ANSI N45.8 ASME N509ASME/ANSI N510ASME AG-1-2003.MIL-STD-282 IEST-RP-CC007.1:1992<Testing ULPA Filters>IEST-RP-CC001.3:1993<HEPA and ULPA Filters> IEST-RP-CC-006.2:1993< Testing Cleanrooms>.IEST-RP-CC001.4 <HEPA and ULPA Filters> IEST-RP-CC021IEST-RPCC034.2<HEPA and ULPA Filter Leak Tests>

USA Europe

EUROVENT 4/4: 1984EUROVENT 4/8:1985

EN1822: 2009ISO 29463-1:2011

ISO14644-2 <Continued Compliance with Part1>ISO14644-3 <Test methods>

Stan

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12The EN779EN779:2012 Classification of air filters1)

Group Class Final pressuredrop (test)

Pa

Averagearrestance (Am)

of synthetic dust%

Averageefficiency (Em)


%

Minimumefficiency MEfor 0.4 μm particles

%

Coarse G1 250 50≤Am<65 - -

G2 250 65≤Am<80 - -

G3 250 80≤Am<90 - -

G4 250 90≤Am - -

Medium M5 450 - 40≤Em<60 -

M6 450 - 60≤Em<80 -

Fine F7 450 - 80≤Em<90 35

F8 450 - 90≤Em<95 55

F9 450 - 95≤Em 70NOTE The characteristics of atmospheric dust vary widely in comparison with those of the synthetic loading dust used in the tests. Because of this, the test results do not provide a basis for predicting either operational performance or service life. Loss of media charge or shedding of particles or fibres can also adversely affect efficiency.

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EN-7

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http://www.camfilfarr.com/Filter-technology/Specifications-and-Regulations/EN-779/


13The EN1822

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EN-7

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Filter Class

Collection Efficiency % Penetration % Collection

Efficiency % Penetration %

E10 85 15 - -

E11 95 5 - -

E12 99,5 0,5 - -

H13 99,95 0,05 99,75 0,25

H14 99,995 0,005 99,975 0,025

U15 99,9995 0,0005 99,9975 0,0025

U16 99,99995 0,00005 99,99975 0,00025

U17 99,999995 0,000005 99,9999 0,0001

Stan

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http://www.camfilfarr.com/Filter-technology/Specifications-and-Regulations/EN-779/


14

Aerosol Filtration Standards

Proceedings of Clima 2007: Bin Zhou, Jinming ShenStan

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15

Filtration Standards - SA

Course Filters

Medium Filters Aerosol FiltersFine

Filters

EN 779:2012 EN 1822:2009

SANS 1424: Filters for use in air-conditioning and general ventilation

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16

Filter Selection

Image: Filtration Handbook, Ken Sutherland

Considerations• Levels of Filtration• Filter Classification• Stability of efficiency• Dust holding capacity • Resistance (Pa)• Cost of ownership…

G4 F9 H13

Filte

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Filter Selection

Image: Filtration Handbook, Ken Sutherland

Cost of Ownership• Cheap to buy

≠ Cheap to own• Running costs (kWh)

• Initial resistance• Final resistance• Expected life

• Replacement costs

G4 F9 H13

Filte

r Sel

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18

Filter SelectionFilter Gaskets

Type Advantages Disadvantages

Gel and Knife-Edge Excellent sealReusable

Difficult installationDegradation of fluids = low service life

One-Piece Moulded Polyurethane Gasket.

Reliable and durable seal

Seals can perish and harden.Correct clamping force critical

Adhesive Neoprene Strips

Cheap Poor seal, Low service life, Unreliable, Often relies on MS4 Compound (lubricant) for seal

Filte

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19

Filter Testing & MaintenanceInstalled filter leak test:• The installed filter challenge tests (ISO14644-3:B6) should

not be confused with the manufacturer’s efficiency classification tests (EN1822-4)

EN 1822:2009

ISO 14644-3

Filter manufacturer’s QC test

Installed filter in-situ testing, proving absence of leaks

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20

Filter Testing & MaintenanceInstalled filter leak test:

• ISO14644-3, B6: is based on the IEST-RP-CC034.2

• B6.2: Aerosol Photometer Test (DOP)• For filters with integral efficiency ≤ 99.997% (E10-H14)

• B6.3: Discrete Particle Counter Test (DPC)• For filters with integral efficiency ≤ 99.999 997%

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Filter Testing & Maintenance

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mlAerosol Photometer Procedure

• ISO 14644-3 B6.2 Acceptance criteria:• Penetration >0.01% constitutes a local

failure• “Different penetrations of filters and/or

response times of photometers may require consideration of different designated leak criteria, refer to IEST-RP-CC034.2”

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http://www.c-vac.com/testing.html


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mlAerosol Photometer Procedure

• Agree filter test criteria according to installed filter’s unique arrestance of 0.3µm particles or ISO14644-3 D6.2.3

• Aerosol photometer tests must be in accordance with manufacturers recommendations

• Ensure tests are performed by suitably qualified person

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http://www.c-vac.com/testing.html


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Aerosol Photometer Procedure• Ensure tests are witnessed by person independent from

filter installer/supplier• Ensure that all test equipment is currently in calibration

before starting tests• Anemometer• Aerosol generator• Photometer

• Confirm upstream challenge concentration frequently during tests

• Confirm filter concentrations are recorded on worksheet during test

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24


ISO

1464

4-3

B 6.

2.4

Installed Filter Test Procedure Discreet Particle Count Method (DPC) B6.3:

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Thank you

25

References: and further reading

ISO 14644 (Parts 1-3) & 4SANS 1424:2008EN779:2012EN1822:2009Comparison Of HEPA-ULPA Filter Test Standards Between America and Europe: Bin Zhou, Jinming ShenFilters and Filtration Handbook 5th Ed: K Sutherland, Elsevierhttp://www.camfilfarr.com/Filter-technology/

http://www.camfilfarr.com/Filter-technology/

this course has been supported by the president’s emergency plan for aids relief (pepfar) through...

Documents

disease control prevention

aids relief pepfar

terms of u2gps002710

presidents emergency

hepa filters

principles of filtration

local efficiency mpps

efficiency arrestance