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Following the American frontier for 3000 miles through Native American Country DON POLLACK PAINTINGS INSTALLATION PERFORMANCE N O T E M P T Y T H I S L A N D I S

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Page 1: This Land is Not Empty_web

Following the American

front ier for 3000 miles through

Native American Country

D O N P O L L A C K

P A I N T I N G S

I N S T A L L A T I O N

P E R F O R M A N C E

N O T E M P T Y T H I S L A N D I S

Page 2: This Land is Not Empty_web

D O N P O L L A C KTHIS LAND IS NOT EMPTY

P A I N T I N G S

I N S T A L L A T I O N

P E R F O R M A N C E

Following the American

front ier for 3000 miles through

Native American Country

September 9 – October 22, 2016

Bridgeport Art CenterCircle Line Gallery1200 W. 35th St . 5th FloorChicago, IL 60609773.843.9000

Page 3: This Land is Not Empty_web

This work comes from a 3000 mile journey traveled

from Lake Michigan to the Pacific coast. Moving

through this landscape, the presence of history

saturated the experience. In these works in oil on

canvas, performance, and installation,— past

traumas and revelations speak to the violent conflict

on perspectives of the land, the spaces we inhabit,

inextricably forget that we are a part of, we conquer,

and we picture. Through a physical journey, the

measures of this exhibition attempts to make a space

for knowing the North American landscape.

2

Taking Measure Across The American Landscape: Frontiers, Borders, & Barriers

CROSS ING THE GREAT D IV IDE

I L L I N O I S I O W A M I N N E S O T A S O U T H D A K O T A

NORTH DAKOTA MONTANA IDAHO WASH INGTON OREGON

[ top]

CROSSING THE GREAT DIVIDE ROUTE

Lake Michigan to

Pacif ic Ocean

June 20- August 18

[above]

Beaverhead Co. ,Montana

2015

T H I S L A N D I S N O T E M P T Y

POTAWATOMI

MISHGAMAW

SAUKFOX

DAKOTA

PONCA

ARIKARA

LAKOTA

HIDATSA

CHEYENNESHOSHONE

CROW

NEZ PERCE

NUMUCHINOOK

MENOMINEE

SALISH

WAILEPTU

3

Page 4: This Land is Not Empty_web

CROSSING THE GREAT DIVIDE, began as a North American landscape project

dedicated to taking history to heart. Traveling for 2 months from Chicago at

Lake Michigan to the Pacific Ocean, the journey followed the paths of Lewis

and Clark and Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer among others. In

order to be more connected and intimate with the landscapes, histories and

local cultures, a small team and I decided to take this journey under human

power,— we traveled via bicycle for over 3000 miles. Leaving from Rogers

Avenue in Chicago or Indian Boundary Line (1816) at Lake Michigan, we ar-

rived at Cape Disappointment, Washington by the Pacific Ocean 2 months

later. ‘CROSSING THE GREAT DIVIDE’ involved both crossing the physical

landmass of the Rocky Mountains and the cultural divide that stands between

people and the historic trauma with Native America.

As I moved westward, I found myself confronting the violent legacy of Manifest

Destiny,—the 19th century belief that U.S. expansion throughout the continent

was inevitable and justified by Darwinist reasoning. It led to war with Mexico

and endorsed a policy of total annihilation of Native American tribes. This im-

perial policy met with political dissension and internal conflict in the United

States. Continental expansion meant an expansion of slavery and the vehe-

ment displacement of Native peoples. In 1824, the War Department created

the Bureau of Indian Affaires which set the tone for aggressive treatment of

Native people. A history of broken treaties and massacres proclaimed as hon-

orable battles ensued. To eliminate the Native American presense on valued

land, genocide of the original people became policy. The term, ‘final solution’

meaning total anihilatation [of the Native population] was first coined by

General William Tecumseh Sherman. The ensuing tragedies and holocaust

must not be forgotten.

I set out to re write my relationship to this history by Re-Surveying the U.S.

as a landscape for tolerance. Each Re-Survey marker is a benchmark mark

dedicated to undoing the destructive policies and attitudes of the 19th, 20th,

and 21st centuries treatement of Native peoples. Beginning in Chicago and

moving westward, 15 locations were GPS recorded and marked at historic

sites of trauma along the Missouri, Yellowstone, Tongue, Bighorn, Little Bighorn,

4

Powder Rivers, and the Pacific Ocean. [Places like the remote conjunction

of the Powder River and the Yellowstone in eastern Montana for example is

where Custer staged his assault into Lakota Sioux territory.]

In order to extend this work, I am asking people to take one of the clay survey

markers as part of the global database of the people listed as allies to the of

Re-Surveying project of North America. In order to ‘Cross the Great Divide’,

I kindly ask for your participation and would be greatly honored if you would

accept one of these markers. – 6.12.16 www.CrossingTheGreatDivide.net

MEASURE OF TOLERANCE

BENCHMARK, TREATY ROCK

Survey marker

Indian Boundary Park,* Chicago

2016

L A K E M I C H I G A N

India

n Boundary

Lin

e

C H I C A G O

Ft .Dearborn

Il l inois River

39 miles

Chic

ago River

Rogers Avenue

O T T A W A C H I P P E W A

P O T A W A T O M I

UN

IT

ED

S

TA

TE

S

18

16

C R O S S I N G T H E G R E A T D I V I D E

*

route

MENOMINEE HONORING

DANCE, TREATY ROCK

Indian Boundary Park,* Chicago

2016

5

Page 5: This Land is Not Empty_web

1. Indian Boundary Line, Peterson Garden Project site, Rogers Avenue and W. Birchwood, Chicago 42.0188N, 87.6712W, 586.39’ altitudeSite of Indian Boundary Line, the border between Native America and the US in 1816. Our journey of reconciliation begins at this location of the ‘Peterson Community Garden’ where the seeds of the ‘Three Sisters’ (corn, beans squash) were planted. The planting of these three main crops important to native peoples was done as a sign of growth and a gesture of reconciliation with all peoples. Indian Bound-ary Line was a survey whose goal was to give Lake Michigan access to non Native people. Cutting through Potawatomi, Objibwa, and Ottawa country, it was later rescinded after Chief Black Hawk’s war and Illinois’ statehood. All Illinois Native peoples were then relocated west of the Mississippi. Some of these same seeds from the garden were hand carried across the country in an East-West gesture of healing along a 3000 mile path of the American frontier.

2. Indian Boundary Park, Chicago, IL 42.0091N, 87.6922W, 599.93’ altitudeSite of the treaty stone that marks Indian Boundary Park in Chicago. The border on Rogers Avenue was sur-veyed by George Rogers Clark and his brother, William Clark. William earlier had co-captained the Corps of Discovery with Meriwether Lewis and was responsible for mapping and opening up the west to development. Unfortunately, the Native spirit of hospitality was met with antagonism and bloodshed within 50 years of their first encounter with the Corps. This site symbolically marks the beginning of our cross country journey of reconciliation.

3. Reconciliation Park, Mankato, MN 44.1674N, 94.0030W, 825.58’ altitudeThis site in Mankato, Minnesota is the location of the hanging of 38 Dakota people after the uprising of 1862. The Dakotas were being starved out by unscrupulous government agents managing their physical survival and internal affairs when conflict broke out on the plains and several hundred settlers were killed. Eventu-ally captured, 38 Dakotas and later 2 more were hung and all other innocent Native tribes were forcibly removed from the state. This site of heartbreak and tragedy marks the largest US mass execution and has become a sacred place of healing for Native and non Native people. It reminds us of its mission with the inscribed words: ‘forgive everyone everything’.

4. La Framboise Island, Missouri River, Pierre, SD 44.3612N, 100.3618W, 1426.13’ altitudeThis site marks the journey of reconciliation at the Lewis and Clark trail by Pierre, South Dakota. Pierre is situated near the mouth of the Bad and the Missouri Rivers and it is here where Lewis and Clark had their first encounter with the Lakota Sioux. That first meeting as well a second nearly broke out into warfare due to a lack of a good interpreter on the part of the Corps.

5. Ft. Abraham Lincoln, Bismarck, ND 44.3612N, 100.3618W, 1426.13’ altitudeColonel George Armstrong Custer utilized this location as a staging area for the war against the Lakota Sioux in 1876. Lewis and Clark also passed through this area in 1804 and encountered the Mandan people on a high bluff overlooking the Missouri River. The Mandan had lived at this location for nearly four centu-ries but were nearly wiped out in 1781 by a Smallpox epidemic.

6. Yellowstone River, Glendive, MT 47.1082N, 104.7176W, 2060.37’ altitudeIn January of 2015 approximately 30,000 gallons of crude oil spilled into the Yellowstone River at this his-toric location of the Lewis and Clark trail due to a leeking pipeline.

7. Yellowstone and Powder River confluence, west of Terry, MT 46.7386N, 105.4283W, 2225.63’ altitudeLewis and Clark camped at this area on their return trip as well as Colonel George Armstrong Custer in his pursuit of the Lakota Sioux and their leaders, Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse. This location was the staging area for the six year war against the Lakotas in the 1870’s.

SURVEY MARKER SITES MEASURE OF TOLERANCE

6

1. Indian Boundary Line, Peterson Garden Project site, Rogers Avenue and W. Birch-wood, Chicago42.0188N, 87.6712W, 586.39’ altitude

2. Indian Boundary Park, Chicago, IL42.0091N, 87.6922W, 599.93’ altitude

3. Reconciliation Park, Mankato, MN44.1674N, 94.0030W, 825.58’ altitude

B L A C K H AW K WA R S

D A K O TA U P R I S I N G

I L L I N O I S

F T. D E A R B O R NB L A C K H AW K WA R SK E L L O G ’ S G R O V E , S T E P H E N S O N C O .I N D I A N C R . M A S S A C R E , L A S A L L E C O .

I O WA

S P I R I T L A K EB L A C K H AW K WA R S , TA M A C O .

W I S C O N S I N

W I S C O N S I N H E I G H T S , D A N E C O .I N D I A N C R . L A S A L L E C O .W I N N E B A G O WA RB A D A X E L A K E

M I N N E S O TA

A N O K A C O .B I G S T O N E C O .B L U E E A R T H C O .B R O W N C O .C A R V E R C O .C H I P P E WA C O .C H I S A G O C O .C O T T O N W O O D C O .C R O W W I N G C O .D A K O TA C O .D O D G E C O .FA R I B AU LT C O .F I L M O R E C O .F R E E B O R N C O .G O O D H U E C O .G R A N T C O .

H E N N E P I N C O .H O U S T O N C O .J A C K S O N C O .K A N D I Y O H I C O .L A C Q U I PA R L E C O .L E S U E U R C O .L I N C O L N C O .M C C L E O D C O .M E E K E R C O .M O W E R C O .M U R R AY C O .N I C O L L E T C O .O L M S T E A D C O .O T T E R TA I L C O .P O P E C O .R A M S E Y C O .

R E D W O O D C O .R E N V I L L E C O .R I C E C O .S C O T T C O .S I B L E Y C O .S T E A R N S C O .S T E E L C O .T R AV E R S E C O .WA B A S H A C O .WA S E C A C O .WA S H I N G T O N C O .WAT O N WA N C O .W I L I K I N C O .W I N O N A C O .W R I G H T C O .Y E L L O W M E D I C I N E C O .

S O U T H D A K O TA

C R O W B U T T E SB L A C K H I L L SC A M P C L A R K B R I D G EC A M P C O L L E RC A M P C O O KC A M P S H E R I D A NC A M P S T U R G I SC A M P W H I T N E YH O R S E M E AT M A R C HC U S T E R B AT T L E F I E L D H W YD U L L K N I F E ’ S R A I DI N D I A N B AT T L E SWA R O F T H E O U T B R E A K

N O R T H D A K O TA

G R A N D C O T E AUB I G M O U N DD E A D B U F FA L O L A K ES T O N Y L A K EW H I T E S T O N E H I L LK I L L D E A R M T.B A D L A N D SM I N O TK I D D E R C O .B U R L E I G H C O .D I C K E Y C O .D U N N C O .M E D O R A S E N I N E L B U T T E

M O N TA N A

A L K A L I C R .D R Y C R .H AY F I E L D F I G H T1 6 M I L E C R .M A R I A S M A S S A C R EB I G H O R NP O W D E R R .R O S E B U DL I T T L E B I G H O R NC E D A R C R .W O L F M T.M U D DY C R .B I G H O L EC A N Y O N C R .B E A R PAWP U M K P I N C R .M I L K R .P O P L A R R .C R O W A G E N C Y

S I O U X WA R S

R E D C L O U D ’ S WA R S

M A R I A S C R .C U S T E R & Y E L L O W S T O N EG R E AT S I O U X WA R SG R E AT S I O U X WA R SG R E AT S I O U X WA R SG R E AT S I O U X WA R SG R E AT S I O U X WA R SG R E AT S I O U X WA R SN E Z P E R C E WA R N E Z P E R C E WA RN E Z P E R C E WA RS I O U X WA R SS I O U X WA R SS I O U X WA R SC R O W WA R

O R E G O N

R O G U E WA R R O G U E VA L L E YM O D O C WA R N E Z P E R C E WA R WA L L O WA VA L L E YB A N N O C K WA R C A M A S VA L L E YC AY U S E WA R W I L L A M E T T E VA L L E Y

WA S H I N G T O N

YA K I M A WA RT O P P E N I S H C R .P U G E T S O U N D WA RW H I T E R . M A S S A C R EW H I T E R . , P U YA L L U P R .U N I O N G A PT W I N B U T T E SS T. J O S E P H ’ S M I S S I O NB R E N N A N ’ S P R A I R I EWA L L A WA L L AS E AT T L EM U C K L E S H O O T P R A I R I EC O N N E L L’ S P R A I R I EC A S C A D E S M A S S A C R ES AT U S C R .2 N D WA L L A WA L L AC H I E F L E S C HP O R T G A M B E E

C O L U M B I A & YA K I M A R .T O P P E N I S HP U G E T S O U N DC A S C A D E M T S .YA K I M A VA L L E YYA K I M A VA L L E YYA K I M A VA L L E YA H TA N U M C R .AU B U R NF R E N C H T O W NP U G E T S O U N D

W H I T E RC H O P C R .T H E D A L L E SWA L L A WA L L AG R E E N R .P U G E T S O U N D

PA R T I A L L I S T O F C O N F L I C T S I T E S W I T H N AT I V E A M E R I C A

4. La Framboise Island, Missouri River, Pierre, SD44.3612N, 100.3618W, 1426.13’ altitude

5. Ft. Abraham Lincoln, Bismarck, ND44.3612N, 100.3618W, 1426.13’ altitude

6. Yellowstone River, Glendive, MT47.1082N, 104.7176W, 2060.37’ altitude

7. Yellowstone and Powder River confluence, west of Terry, MT46.7386N, 105.4283W, 2225.63’ altitude

G R E AT S I O U X WA R S

G E N E R A L G . A . C U S T E R C A M PA I G N R O U T E

L A K O TA C O N F L I C T S

L E W I S & C L A R K W E S T WA R D R O U T E

B L A C K H I L L S

I L L I N O I S

F T. D E A R B O R NB L A C K H AW K WA R SK E L L O G ’ S G R O V E , S T E P H E N S O N C O .I N D I A N C R . M A S S A C R E , L A S A L L E C O .

I O WA

S P I R I T L A K EB L A C K H AW K WA R S , TA M A C O .

W I S C O N S I N

W I S C O N S I N H E I G H T S , D A N E C O .I N D I A N C R . L A S A L L E C O .W I N N E B A G O WA RB A D A X E L A K E

M I N N E S O TA

A N O K A C O .B I G S T O N E C O .B L U E E A R T H C O .B R O W N C O .C A R V E R C O .C H I P P E WA C O .C H I S A G O C O .C O T T O N W O O D C O .C R O W W I N G C O .D A K O TA C O .D O D G E C O .FA R I B AU LT C O .F I L M O R E C O .F R E E B O R N C O .G O O D H U E C O .G R A N T C O .

H E N N E P I N C O .H O U S T O N C O .J A C K S O N C O .K A N D I Y O H I C O .L A C Q U I PA R L E C O .L E S U E U R C O .L I N C O L N C O .M C C L E O D C O .M E E K E R C O .M O W E R C O .M U R R AY C O .N I C O L L E T C O .O L M S T E A D C O .O T T E R TA I L C O .P O P E C O .R A M S E Y C O .

R E D W O O D C O .R E N V I L L E C O .R I C E C O .S C O T T C O .S I B L E Y C O .S T E A R N S C O .S T E E L C O .T R AV E R S E C O .WA B A S H A C O .WA S E C A C O .WA S H I N G T O N C O .WAT O N WA N C O .W I L I K I N C O .W I N O N A C O .W R I G H T C O .Y E L L O W M E D I C I N E C O .

S O U T H D A K O TA

C R O W B U T T E SB L A C K H I L L SC A M P C L A R K B R I D G EC A M P C O L L E RC A M P C O O KC A M P S H E R I D A NC A M P S T U R G I SC A M P W H I T N E YH O R S E M E AT M A R C HC U S T E R B AT T L E F I E L D H W YD U L L K N I F E ’ S R A I DI N D I A N B AT T L E SWA R O F T H E O U T B R E A K

N O R T H D A K O TA

G R A N D C O T E AUB I G M O U N DD E A D B U F FA L O L A K ES T O N Y L A K EW H I T E S T O N E H I L LK I L L D E A R M T.B A D L A N D SM I N O TK I D D E R C O .B U R L E I G H C O .D I C K E Y C O .D U N N C O .M E D O R A S E N I N E L B U T T E

M O N TA N A

A L K A L I C R .D R Y C R .H AY F I E L D F I G H T1 6 M I L E C R .M A R I A S M A S S A C R EB I G H O R NP O W D E R R .R O S E B U DL I T T L E B I G H O R NC E D A R C R .W O L F M T.M U D DY C R .B I G H O L EC A N Y O N C R .B E A R PAWP U M K P I N C R .M I L K R .P O P L A R R .C R O W A G E N C Y

S I O U X WA R S

R E D C L O U D ’ S WA R S

M A R I A S C R .C U S T E R & Y E L L O W S T O N EG R E AT S I O U X WA R SG R E AT S I O U X WA R SG R E AT S I O U X WA R SG R E AT S I O U X WA R SG R E AT S I O U X WA R SG R E AT S I O U X WA R SN E Z P E R C E WA R N E Z P E R C E WA RN E Z P E R C E WA RS I O U X WA R SS I O U X WA R SS I O U X WA R SC R O W WA R

O R E G O N

R O G U E WA R R O G U E VA L L E YM O D O C WA R N E Z P E R C E WA R WA L L O WA VA L L E YB A N N O C K WA R C A M A S VA L L E YC AY U S E WA R W I L L A M E T T E VA L L E Y

WA S H I N G T O N

YA K I M A WA RT O P P E N I S H C R .P U G E T S O U N D WA RW H I T E R . M A S S A C R EW H I T E R . , P U YA L L U P R .U N I O N G A PT W I N B U T T E SS T. J O S E P H ’ S M I S S I O NB R E N N A N ’ S P R A I R I EWA L L A WA L L AS E AT T L EM U C K L E S H O O T P R A I R I EC O N N E L L’ S P R A I R I EC A S C A D E S M A S S A C R ES AT U S C R .2 N D WA L L A WA L L AC H I E F L E S C HP O R T G A M B E E

C O L U M B I A & YA K I M A R .T O P P E N I S HP U G E T S O U N DC A S C A D E M T S .YA K I M A VA L L E YYA K I M A VA L L E YYA K I M A VA L L E YA H TA N U M C R .AU B U R NF R E N C H T O W NP U G E T S O U N D

W H I T E RC H O P C R .T H E D A L L E SWA L L A WA L L AG R E E N R .P U G E T S O U N D

PA R T I A L L I S T O F C O N F L I C T S I T E S W I T H N AT I V E A M E R I C A

ROUTE

marker sites

eastern sect ion

2016

MEASURE OF TOLERANCE

BENCHMARK

Survey marker

Bridgeport Art Center,

Chicago

2016

12

3

4

56

7

7

Page 6: This Land is Not Empty_web

8. Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, Crow Agency, Montana. 45.5664N, 107.4249W, 3231.63’ altitudeThe “Peace Through Unity” Indian Memorial honors Native Americans who fought to preserve the land and a way of life and also those who died on the sacred ground on June 25 and 26, 1876. “If this memorial is to serve its total purpose, it must not only be a tribute to the dead; it must contain a message for the living...power through unity...” ~ Enos Poor Bear, Sr., Oglala Lakota Elder

9. Little Bighorn River, Sarpy Creek Rd., MT 45.7353N, 107.5665W, 2732.94’ altitudeThe Little Bighorn Battlefield takes its name from the river by the Lakota campsite where Colonel George Armstrong Custer met his demise at the hands of the Lakota, Cheyenne and Arapaho forces led by Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull, and Gall. Though a Native victory was realized, it marked the beginning of the end for this last generation of Native people to live freely on the Great Plains.

10. Bozeman Pass, MT 45.6671N, 110.8109W, 5630.16’ altitudeCaptains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark relied on the generosity of the Native tribes and Sacajawea (Shoshone). In 1806 on the return journey from the Pacific, Sacajawea led Clark’s group over this old buffalo path frequented by the local native peoples. By 1860 gold seekers had moved onto Indian land illeagaly and Native objection were seen as an impediment to progress. Local tribes were classified as hostile and the Pass was eventually named after an early entrepreneur frontiersman, John Bozeman.

11. Big Hole Pass, MT 45.3292N, 113.3284W, 7402.80’ altitudeChief Joseph of the Nez Perce escaped through this Pass on the way to Canada attempting to avoid conflict with General Gibbons and the US Army. Gold was discovered on Nez Perce Reservation and the tribe was given 30 days to move onto a reservation 10% of its original size. Any Natives unaware of this policy or in direct disagreement with its tenants were considered hostile and subject to military force.

12. Nez Perce Big Hole National Battlefield, MT 45.6361N, 113.6438W, 6297.99’ altitudeChief Joseph negotiated with the US to stay in his homeland but a reversal in policy created a hostile environment for the tribe. While trying to avoid conflict with the US Army by moving to Canada, the Nez Perce encountered a predawn surprise attack on their village by General Gibbons. It didn’t stop their escape but it yielded tremendous losses to the tribe however with a greater proportion of those being women and children.

13. Lolo Trail-Nez Perce Trail, MT-ID 46.7464N, 114.1710W, 3174.85’ altitudeThis route was passable only with the prior aid and knowledge of Native American elders who assisted Lewis and Clark on their journey west. The Nez Perce’s generosity was mentioned in the journals and was critical to the explorer’s survival. Late in the nineteenth century, Chief Joseph saw to it that his people vow never to make war on the incoming settlers. They never broke their promise and unfortunately 50 years after Lewis and Clark passed through this area, the Nez Perce were being hunted down in their own country. The dis-covery of gold on their Reservation forced the Nez Perce to evacuate their homeland while simultaneously fleeing attacks from the US Army.

14. Portland, OR 45.56227N, 122.8529W, 258.22’ altitudeThis is the coordinates for the west coast Geannopoulos garden that received the seeds of the ‘Three Sisters’ (corn, beans squash). These were hand carried from the ‘Peterson Community Garden’, Chicago in the spirit of unity across country as an East-West gesture of healing along a 3000mile American frontier.

15. Cape Disappointment, WA 46.2817N, 124.0571W, 58.69’ altitudeThis is the Pacific Ocean endpoint camp for Lewis and Clark and site of the Chinook ‘Walk to the Cedars’. The Chinook Native people in this area were very friendly and hospitable to Lewis and Clark’s Corps but contact with outsiders extracted a steep price. Later, an outbreak of smallpox and influenza devastated the Chinook for which they had no natural immunities.

8

7. Yellowstone and Powder River confluence, west of Terry, MT46.7386N, 105.4283W, 2225.63’ altitude

8. Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, Crow Agency, Montana. 45.5664N, 107.4249W, 3231.63’ altitude

9. Little Bighorn River, Sarpy Creek Rd., MT45.7353N, 107.5665W, 2732.94’ altitude

10. Bozeman Pass, MT45.6671N, 110.8109W, 5630.16’ altitude

11. Big Hole Pass, MT45.3292N, 113.3284W, 7402.80’ altitude

12. Nez Perce Big Hole National Battlefield, MT45.6361N, 113.6438W, 6297.99’ altitude

13. Lolo Trail-Nez Perce Trail, MT-ID46.7464N, 114.1710W,3174.85’ altitude

15. Cape Disappointment, WA46.2817N, 124.0571W, 58.69’ altitude

14. Portland, OR45.56227N, 122.8529W, 258.22’ altitude

G R E AT S I O U X WA R S

N E Z P E R C E WA R S

L E W I S & C L A R K R E T U R N R O U T E

R E D C L O U D ’ S WA R S

C R O W WA R S

L E W I S & C L A R K R O U T EPA C I F I C O C E A N C A M P : C A P E D I S A P P O I N T M E N T

I L L I N O I S

F T. D E A R B O R NB L A C K H AW K WA R SK E L L O G ’ S G R O V E , S T E P H E N S O N C O .I N D I A N C R . M A S S A C R E , L A S A L L E C O .

I O WA

S P I R I T L A K EB L A C K H AW K WA R S , TA M A C O .

W I S C O N S I N

W I S C O N S I N H E I G H T S , D A N E C O .I N D I A N C R . L A S A L L E C O .W I N N E B A G O WA RB A D A X E L A K E

M I N N E S O TA

A N O K A C O .B I G S T O N E C O .B L U E E A R T H C O .B R O W N C O .C A R V E R C O .C H I P P E WA C O .C H I S A G O C O .C O T T O N W O O D C O .C R O W W I N G C O .D A K O TA C O .D O D G E C O .FA R I B AU LT C O .F I L M O R E C O .F R E E B O R N C O .G O O D H U E C O .G R A N T C O .

H E N N E P I N C O .H O U S T O N C O .J A C K S O N C O .K A N D I Y O H I C O .L A C Q U I PA R L E C O .L E S U E U R C O .L I N C O L N C O .M C C L E O D C O .M E E K E R C O .M O W E R C O .M U R R AY C O .N I C O L L E T C O .O L M S T E A D C O .O T T E R TA I L C O .P O P E C O .R A M S E Y C O .

R E D W O O D C O .R E N V I L L E C O .R I C E C O .S C O T T C O .S I B L E Y C O .S T E A R N S C O .S T E E L C O .T R AV E R S E C O .WA B A S H A C O .WA S E C A C O .WA S H I N G T O N C O .WAT O N WA N C O .W I L I K I N C O .W I N O N A C O .W R I G H T C O .Y E L L O W M E D I C I N E C O .

S O U T H D A K O TA

C R O W B U T T E SB L A C K H I L L SC A M P C L A R K B R I D G EC A M P C O L L E RC A M P C O O KC A M P S H E R I D A NC A M P S T U R G I SC A M P W H I T N E YH O R S E M E AT M A R C HC U S T E R B AT T L E F I E L D H W YD U L L K N I F E ’ S R A I DI N D I A N B AT T L E SWA R O F T H E O U T B R E A K

N O R T H D A K O TA

G R A N D C O T E AUB I G M O U N DD E A D B U F FA L O L A K ES T O N Y L A K EW H I T E S T O N E H I L LK I L L D E A R M T.B A D L A N D SM I N O TK I D D E R C O .B U R L E I G H C O .D I C K E Y C O .D U N N C O .M E D O R A S E N I N E L B U T T E

M O N TA N A

A L K A L I C R .D R Y C R .H AY F I E L D F I G H T1 6 M I L E C R .M A R I A S M A S S A C R EB I G H O R NP O W D E R R .R O S E B U DL I T T L E B I G H O R NC E D A R C R .W O L F M T.M U D DY C R .B I G H O L EC A N Y O N C R .B E A R PAWP U M K P I N C R .M I L K R .P O P L A R R .C R O W A G E N C Y

S I O U X WA R S

R E D C L O U D ’ S WA R S

M A R I A S C R .C U S T E R & Y E L L O W S T O N EG R E AT S I O U X WA R SG R E AT S I O U X WA R SG R E AT S I O U X WA R SG R E AT S I O U X WA R SG R E AT S I O U X WA R SG R E AT S I O U X WA R SN E Z P E R C E WA R N E Z P E R C E WA RN E Z P E R C E WA RS I O U X WA R SS I O U X WA R SS I O U X WA R SC R O W WA R

O R E G O N

R O G U E WA R R O G U E VA L L E YM O D O C WA R N E Z P E R C E WA R WA L L O WA VA L L E YB A N N O C K WA R C A M A S VA L L E YC AY U S E WA R W I L L A M E T T E VA L L E Y

WA S H I N G T O N

YA K I M A WA RT O P P E N I S H C R .P U G E T S O U N D WA RW H I T E R . M A S S A C R EW H I T E R . , P U YA L L U P R .U N I O N G A PT W I N B U T T E SS T. J O S E P H ’ S M I S S I O NB R E N N A N ’ S P R A I R I EWA L L A WA L L AS E AT T L EM U C K L E S H O O T P R A I R I EC O N N E L L’ S P R A I R I EC A S C A D E S M A S S A C R ES AT U S C R .2 N D WA L L A WA L L AC H I E F L E S C HP O R T G A M B E E

C O L U M B I A & YA K I M A R .T O P P E N I S HP U G E T S O U N DC A S C A D E M T S .YA K I M A VA L L E YYA K I M A VA L L E YYA K I M A VA L L E YA H TA N U M C R .AU B U R NF R E N C H T O W NP U G E T S O U N D

W H I T E RC H O P C R .T H E D A L L E SWA L L A WA L L AG R E E N R .P U G E T S O U N D

PA R T I A L L I S T O F C O N F L I C T S I T E S W I T H N AT I V E A M E R I C A

15. Cape Disappointment, WA46.2817N, 124.0571W, 58.69’ altitude

14. Portland, OR45.56227N, 122.8529W, 258.22’ altitude

L E W I S & C L A R K R O U T EPA C I F I C O C E A N C A M P : C A P E D I S A P P O I N T M E N T

I L L I N O I S

F T. D E A R B O R NB L A C K H AW K WA R SK E L L O G ’ S G R O V E , S T E P H E N S O N C O .I N D I A N C R . M A S S A C R E , L A S A L L E C O .

I O WA

S P I R I T L A K EB L A C K H AW K WA R S , TA M A C O .

W I S C O N S I N

W I S C O N S I N H E I G H T S , D A N E C O .I N D I A N C R . L A S A L L E C O .W I N N E B A G O WA RB A D A X E L A K E

M I N N E S O TA

A N O K A C O .B I G S T O N E C O .B L U E E A R T H C O .B R O W N C O .C A R V E R C O .C H I P P E WA C O .C H I S A G O C O .C O T T O N W O O D C O .C R O W W I N G C O .D A K O TA C O .D O D G E C O .FA R I B AU LT C O .F I L M O R E C O .F R E E B O R N C O .G O O D H U E C O .G R A N T C O .

H E N N E P I N C O .H O U S T O N C O .J A C K S O N C O .K A N D I Y O H I C O .L A C Q U I PA R L E C O .L E S U E U R C O .L I N C O L N C O .M C C L E O D C O .M E E K E R C O .M O W E R C O .M U R R AY C O .N I C O L L E T C O .O L M S T E A D C O .O T T E R TA I L C O .P O P E C O .R A M S E Y C O .

R E D W O O D C O .R E N V I L L E C O .R I C E C O .S C O T T C O .S I B L E Y C O .S T E A R N S C O .S T E E L C O .T R AV E R S E C O .WA B A S H A C O .WA S E C A C O .WA S H I N G T O N C O .WAT O N WA N C O .W I L I K I N C O .W I N O N A C O .W R I G H T C O .Y E L L O W M E D I C I N E C O .

S O U T H D A K O TA

C R O W B U T T E SB L A C K H I L L SC A M P C L A R K B R I D G EC A M P C O L L E RC A M P C O O KC A M P S H E R I D A NC A M P S T U R G I SC A M P W H I T N E YH O R S E M E AT M A R C HC U S T E R B AT T L E F I E L D H W YD U L L K N I F E ’ S R A I DI N D I A N B AT T L E SWA R O F T H E O U T B R E A K

N O R T H D A K O TA

G R A N D C O T E AUB I G M O U N DD E A D B U F FA L O L A K ES T O N Y L A K EW H I T E S T O N E H I L LK I L L D E A R M T.B A D L A N D SM I N O TK I D D E R C O .B U R L E I G H C O .D I C K E Y C O .D U N N C O .M E D O R A S E N I N E L B U T T E

M O N TA N A

A L K A L I C R .D R Y C R .H AY F I E L D F I G H T1 6 M I L E C R .M A R I A S M A S S A C R EB I G H O R NP O W D E R R .R O S E B U DL I T T L E B I G H O R NC E D A R C R .W O L F M T.M U D DY C R .B I G H O L EC A N Y O N C R .B E A R PAWP U M K P I N C R .M I L K R .P O P L A R R .C R O W A G E N C Y

S I O U X WA R S

R E D C L O U D ’ S WA R S

M A R I A S C R .C U S T E R & Y E L L O W S T O N EG R E AT S I O U X WA R SG R E AT S I O U X WA R SG R E AT S I O U X WA R SG R E AT S I O U X WA R SG R E AT S I O U X WA R SG R E AT S I O U X WA R SN E Z P E R C E WA R N E Z P E R C E WA RN E Z P E R C E WA RS I O U X WA R SS I O U X WA R SS I O U X WA R SC R O W WA R

O R E G O N

R O G U E WA R R O G U E VA L L E YM O D O C WA R N E Z P E R C E WA R WA L L O WA VA L L E YB A N N O C K WA R C A M A S VA L L E YC AY U S E WA R W I L L A M E T T E VA L L E Y

WA S H I N G T O N

YA K I M A WA RT O P P E N I S H C R .P U G E T S O U N D WA RW H I T E R . M A S S A C R EW H I T E R . , P U YA L L U P R .U N I O N G A PT W I N B U T T E SS T. J O S E P H ’ S M I S S I O NB R E N N A N ’ S P R A I R I EWA L L A WA L L AS E AT T L EM U C K L E S H O O T P R A I R I EC O N N E L L’ S P R A I R I EC A S C A D E S M A S S A C R ES AT U S C R .2 N D WA L L A WA L L AC H I E F L E S C HP O R T G A M B E E

C O L U M B I A & YA K I M A R .T O P P E N I S HP U G E T S O U N DC A S C A D E M T S .YA K I M A VA L L E YYA K I M A VA L L E YYA K I M A VA L L E YA H TA N U M C R .AU B U R NF R E N C H T O W NP U G E T S O U N D

W H I T E RC H O P C R .T H E D A L L E SWA L L A WA L L AG R E E N R .P U G E T S O U N D

PA R T I A L L I S T O F C O N F L I C T S I T E S W I T H N AT I V E A M E R I C A

ROUTE

marker sites

western sect ion

2016

[L]

ALONG ROUTE

Lolo Pass,

Nez Perce Trai l , Idaho

[R]

WOOD FIRING

Survey markers

[for distr ibution]

2016

10

11

9

8

12

13

14

15

9

Page 7: This Land is Not Empty_web

The American frontier is a landscape historically rooted in archetypal west-

erns and traumatic change. These spaces still hold that memory and the

historic evidence is very much alive in places such as Big Hole, Montana.

Here, I was met with a magnanimous Nez Perce greeting. It beckons all by

suggesting that there are no strangers in their homeland,—and states we are

all here together and honoring the ancestors and listening to their stories.

It is in simple places such as these and at Crow Agency where I saw that the

connections between peoples must be taken care of with great patience and

understanding. This is a relationship that holds a reciprocity and it is fragile.

It is not only a reciprocity between ourselves but between our perspectives,

each other, and our relationship to the landscape.

A PHOTOGRAPH OF GRAND TETON, WYOMING

ENCOUNTERS A NATIVE AMERICAN BLANKET.

A stripe gives way to a triangle that abstracts a mountain, and I wrap myself

with wool. My body is warm and I am surrounded by the beauty of a weaving

and am captivated by the mountain symbols that engulf me. The blanket is

a document and an article of clothing that protects me from the cold. I am

somehow inside the landscape and again under the gaze of the mountain. The

photograph of the Teton Range also shifts my space but my creative process

moves me differently. I see the two dimensional representation and it ap-

pears similar to the outside picture. By looking, I eventually gravitate towards

the dichotomies that form their own natural conclusions, such as,—how the

notion of ‘wilderness’ contains within it the notion of ‘containment’ and how

a reverential depiction of nature depends on technique; and how all of this

reveals that I have created nature in my own image. I find that it is possible to

mistake this landscape for an empty space free of origninal inhabitants. This

Land is not Empty.

CHANGING SENTIMENTS AT THE LITTLE BIGHORN BATTLEFIELD where

Native warriors fell are now honored alongside 7th calvary soldiers. Next

10

to the white marble headstones in Montana are now red marble headstones

inscribed with statements such as, ‘Elk Stands On Top, Sans Arc Sioux,—fell

here while defending his homeland and the Sioux way of Life’. It is time to

rewrite a new history and to survey a new landscape of respect, inclusion,

and tolerance. Tolerance is also a survey term that I gladly accept as meta-

phor,—it is term used to connote an aspect of truth in the measurement of

a map in order to gain a higher standard. It is here in this new map where

I wish to achieve the higher standard of tolerance by extending this project

beyond me. I am asking allied people locally and around the world for their

participation by accepting an unfired clay survey marker.

MARKER CASE

glass, wool, felt ,

leather, clay, wood

2016

MARKERS

clay

[ for distr ibution]

Bridgeport Art Center

2016

11

Page 8: This Land is Not Empty_web

RED EARTH WHEEL

red earth clay

Bridgeport Art Center

2016

THE MAP OF THE EMPIRE NO LONGER SATISFIED

performance,

with Gunther’s Survey Chain

and grid project ions based on, ‘Museum,

On Exacti tude in Science’ , by Jorge Borges

Bridgeport Art Center:

Jul ia Pollack, Anders Pollack, Don Pollack

SOUND

performance, Anders Pollack

2016

12

RED EARTH, SITES

Kellog’s Grove [ IL] Sauk, Blackhawk

Bad Axe River [WI] Sauk, Blackhawk

Mankato [MN] Santee Sioux

New Ulm [MN] Santee Sioux

Medicine Rock [MT] Sioux, Sitt ing Bull

Dead Buffalo Lake [SD] Santee, Yankton, Yanktonai and Teton Sioux

Stony Lake [SD] Santee, Yankton, Yanktonai and Teton Sioux

Powder River [MT] Cheyenne, Sioux

Fort Smith [MT] Sioux, Red Cloud

Kil ldear Mountain [ND] Sioux, Gall , Sitt ing Bull

Crow Agency [MT] Crow, Sword Bearer

Bighorn [MT] Crow

Litt le Bighorn [MT] Sioux, Cheyenne, Arapaho, Sitt ing Bull , Crazy Horse, Gall

Big Hole [MT] Nez Perce, Chief Joseph

Clearwater [ ID] Nez Perce, Chief Joseph, Looking Glass

Walla Walla [WA] Cayuse, Yakima

The Dalles [WA] Cayuse

Forgive Eveyone Everything13

Page 9: This Land is Not Empty_web

[opposite above]

THOMAS INSTRUCTED ME TO TAKE

COPIOUS NOTES, BERNHEIM, KY

oi l on canvas, 48x48”

2016

[opposite below]

I COULD BARELY SEE THE SKY ,

BERNHEIM, KY

oil on canvas, 48x48”

2016

LANDSCAPE AND MEMORY COLONIAL DIRECTION OF TRAVEL

image

landscape

June 20

Lake Michigan

stripes

landscape

August 18

Pacif ic Ocean

melt ing

landscape

July 17

Litt le Bighorn

←←

Native

west

European

east

14 15

Page 10: This Land is Not Empty_web

[2 months process drawing on oak]

INSTALLATION

Bridgeport Art Center

2016

16

OAK ROBE FIRST PHASE ,

[2 months process drawing on oak]

oi l , mixed media on canvas, 58x96”

2016

17

Page 11: This Land is Not Empty_web

VISION QUEST

oi l on canvas, 58x96”

2016

18

ELK DREAM UPPER MISSOURI

oi l and gunpowder on canvas, 58x96”

2016

19

Page 12: This Land is Not Empty_web

MONTANA

oil on canvas, 36x48”

2016

MAP 1

graphic, paper, on canvas, 18x24”

2016

20

FRONTIER MAP

graphic, paper, and mixed media

on board, 18x48”

2016

MAP 2

graphic, paper, on canvas, 18x24”

2016

21

Page 13: This Land is Not Empty_web

DON POLLACK

M.F.A., Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio B.F.A., University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois

SELECTED SOLO EXHIBITIONS

2016 Bridgeport Art Center, “This Land is not Empty”, Chicago, Illinois Carnegie Museum for Art and History, Bernheim Arboretum, New Albany, Indiana2013 Perimeter Gallery, “34 Days to Washington”, Chicago, Illinois2011 Newzones Gallery, “Far from Home”, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Marcia Wood Gallery, “Far from Home”, Atlanta, Georgia2010 Perimeter Gallery, “Mysterious Island”, Chicago, Illinois Marquette University Law Library, laying the foundation [a Lincoln Portrait], Milwaukee, Wisconsin2009 Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum, “The Lincoln Project”, Springfield, Illinois The Union League Club, “The Lincoln Project”, Chicago, Illinois 2007 Newzones Gallery, “The Sheltering Sky”, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Merwin and Wakeley Galleries, Illinois Wesleyan University, American Inheritance, retrospective], Bloomington, Illinois Marcia Wood Gallery, “Night”, Atlanta, Georgia2006 Margaret Thatcher Projects, “American Gothic, Past Imperfect”, New York, New York Perimeter Gallery, “Improvisation”, Chicago, Illinois

SELECTED GROUP EXHIBITIONS

2015 Architectural biennial, Brininstool and Lynch, Chicago, Illinois2014 “Black and White”, Perimeter Gallery- Chicago, Chicago, Illinois2012 Art Miami, Perimeter Gallery- Chicago, Miami, Florida Group Show, Perimeter Gallery, Chicago, Illinois2011 Art Chicago, The Merchandise Mart, Perimeter Gallery, Chicago, Illinois Group Show, Kenise Barnes Gallery, Larchemont, New York2010 “Pull”, Marcia Wood Gallery, Atlanta, Georgia “Memory is a Metaphor”, Kenise Barnes Gallery, Larchmont, New York2009 “Nature Satisfies by its Loveliness”, Kenise Barnes Gallery, Larchmont, New York “The Exquisite Corpse”, Renaissance Society, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois2008 “This Just In”, Marcia Wood Gallery, Atlanta Georgia “Curator’s Choice”, Contemporary Art Institute of Detroit, Detroit, Michigan “Art Chicago”, The Merchandise Mart, Perimeter Gallery, Chicago, Illinois

SELECTED AWARDS

2016 Enrichment grant, School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois2015 Sabbatical grant, Illinois Institute of Art, Chicago, Illinois2014 Bernheim Arboretum, Artist Residency, Louisville, Kentucky2012 Illinois Institute of Art, Faculty of the Year award, Chicago, Illinois2010 Marquette University Law Library, commission award, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Sabbatical grant, Illinois Institute of Art-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois2009 Order of Lincoln, bicentennial edition, State of Illinois award, Springfield, Illinois School of the Art Institute of Chicago, faculty grant, Chicago, Illinois

[above]

INSTALLATION

Bridgeport Art Center

2016

22

SELECTED PUBLIC COLLECTIONS

Philbrook Museum of Art, Tulsa, Oklahoma Fidelity, Charlotte, North CarolinaAllston & Bird, Washington, D.C. Corboy, Demetrio, and Clifford, Chicago, IllinoisPoco Petroleum, Calgary, Alberta, CanadaBurnett, Duckworth, and Palmer, Calgary, Alberta, CanadaEvans, Martin, and Wilson, Calgary, Alberta, CanadaMetropolitian Life Insurance Company, New York, New YorkAmerican Telephone and Telegraph Company, Chicago, Illinois

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Jenna Esarey, bernheim art on display at Carnegie Center, Courier-Journal, February 6, 2016 Lauren Viera, “Don Pollack, Mysterious Island, Chicago Tribune, March 5, 2010Jason Mojica, “Don Pollack: Improvisation”, Time Out Chicago, February 2-9, 2006Edward Gomez, “Reimagining the Landscape”, Art and Antiques, Atlanta, Georgia, October, 2003Alan Artner, “Don Pollack”, Chicago Tribune, March 21, 2003

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

2013 “34 days to Washington”, Perimeter Gallery, Chicago, Illinois, catalog2012 Perimeter Gallery, Chicago, Illinois, catalog2010 Art Chicago International Exposition, Mart Center, Chicago, Illinois, catalog “Marquette Law Review”, vol. 93, number 4, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, catalog2009 “The Lincoln Project”, Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library & Museum, Springfield, Illinois, catalog “Design School Confidential, Extraordinary Class Projects from International Design Schools, Steven Heller & Lita Talarico, Rockport Publishers, Beverly Massachusetts

TEACHING

School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, Adjunct Associate Professor, Visual Communications Design Department, September 2005-present

LECTURES

Northwestern University, Slivka College, Evanston, Illinois,“Crossing the Great Divide”, February 1, 2016Bronx, City College of New York, Bronx, New York, “Crossing the Great Divide”, December 10, 2015Fluid, Society for Literature, Science, & Art Conference, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas “Crossing the Great Divide, Trying to Understand the Collage of My Landscape”, October 9, 2014 - October 12, 2014Postnatural, Society for Literature, Science, & Art Conference, Notre Dame University, South Bend, Indiana “34 Days to Washington”, October 3, 2013 - October 6, 2013

INTERVIEWS

WCTV, Addison, Illinois, “The Lincoln Project”, February 7, 2013

KYW News Radio 1060, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, “Taking Measure Across America”, August 9, 2010

Fox/NBC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, “Taking Measure Across America”, August 9, 2010

WGRZ NBC Buffalo, New York, “Taking Measure Across America”, July 28, 2010

WTTW, Chicago, Illinois, arts across illinois, “Looking for Lincoln”, June 19 & 21, 2009

WFLD-Fox News Chicago, Springfield, Illinois, “The Lincoln Project”, February 12, 2009

WAND-NBC News Decatur, Springfield, Illinois, “The Lincoln Project”, February 8, 2009

WCIA-CBS News Champaign, Springfield, Illinois, “The Lincoln Project” February 7, 2009

WICS-ABC News Springfield, Springfield, Illinois, “The Lincoln Project”, February 7, 2009

23