this presentation covers the basic concepts of …...this presentation covers the basic concepts of...
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This presentation covers the basic concepts of lockout and tagout (LOTO).
This presentation does NOT cover performing a specific lockout/tagout
procedure.
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LOTO is an OSHA-required program for all business where the risk of injury
exists during machine service and maintenance, installation and set-up,
adjustment and other activities.
LOTO was created to ensure that machine operators and maintenance
personnel are protected from unexpected:
• Energization
• Startup of equipment
• Release of hazardous energy.
The LOTO standard has specific training requirements for all employees in a
machine shop. Records of training must be kept.
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This is an example of a lockout kit. It includes:
• A lock. The lock should be easily recognizable and have only 1 key
issued to the owner of the lock.
• A tag. The tag should be specific to the employee trained and authorized
to use it.
• A locking device. The device shown is just one example of the locking
devices available.
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Hazardous energy refers to energy that is released unexpectedly from a
machine. This is the energy that we control through LOTO.
Any type of energy is potentially hazardous!
Common forms of hazardous energy include:
• Electrical
• Gravitational
• Hydraulic
• Kinetic – such as residual movement in moving parts
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Anyone working on machinery may be exposed to injuries from energy
surges, machine startup, or release of energy stored in the equipment.
Based on national data, in metal fabrication:
• 10% of fatalities are due to failure to use LOTO procedures
• 15% of serious trauma cases are also LOTO-related
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The LOTO standard designates two classes of employees: “authorized” and
“affected”
An “authorized” employee:
• Must receive special training in LOTO procedures
• Is allowed to lock out a piece of equipment
• Is allowed to restart a locked out machine
• Has a LOTO lock with only one key
• Has a LOTO tag with their picture and name on it
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An “affected” employee:
• Has no LOTO responsibilities
• Must recognize when LOTO is in progress
• Is not allowed to remove locks and tags
• Is not allowed to bypass locks and tags
YOU will be an “affected” employee unless trained in LOTO.
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OSHA requires that all “authorized” and “affected” employees receive
training.
Employers must provide this training.
Re-training must be provided when there is a change in:
• Job assignment
• Machinery or processes that present a new hazard
• Energy-control or LOTO procedures
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When a LOTO procedure is about to be implemented on a piece of
equipment, the affected employee will be notified that:
• LOTO is about to occur.
• The machine cannot be operated until the person who locked it says it is
safe to do so.
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Do not use a machine from the time you are told it is being shut down until
you are told it is safe to use.
If you see a lock or a tag:
• Do not bypass it.
• Do not try to remove it.
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If you are not sure whether a piece of equipment is locked or tagged, be sure
to ASK.
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This is an example of a lockable disconnect. You will notice this on most
newer machines.
Lockable disconnects should be:
• In plain view from your workstation
• Present for each source of energy powering the machine
If you notice that a disconnect was missed while a LOTO procedure is set-up
or in progress, speak up!
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When the LOTO procedure is completed, you – the “affected” employee will
be notified that:
• The equipment will be restarted. You must be safely positioned out of
harm's way during reactivation.
• All LOTO devices have been removed.
The “authorized employee” must test the equipment to be sure it is safe,
before YOU can use it.
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Ideally LOTO procedures should be posted on or near each piece of
machinery.
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The photo on the left shows a press blocked open. This is dangerous
practice, because the block of wood can be crushed unexpectedly.
A steel block or other specifically-designed piece should be used instead.
Remember, never attempt to do maintenance work or change dies on a
press without checking that the all energy sources have been locked and
bled (if needed).
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In summary:
� A shop must have a written LOTO program with step-by-step LOTO
procedures for each machine.
� LOTO training must be provided to all “affected” and “authorized”
employees.
� Only “authorized” employees can implement LOTO procedures.
� YOU will be an “affected” employee – unless you receive specific LOTO
training.
� Never remove or bypass locks or tags!
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