this website is updated every six months, - project...
TRANSCRIPT
This WebSite is updated every six months,
this information is for a 36 month
period
Updated: December 31, 2017
Saving lives, through research
and learning
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Are we taking VICTIMS
to the scene
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The “MAYDAY” Project is a
comprehensive study of “mayday”
incidents, responses, and
prevention.
Funded for one year (2015) by a private
foundation grant to:
CERT
Command Emergency Response
Training, Glendale, Arizona
Don & Bev Abbott
Dr. Vinton Bennett Dr. Jason Bebermeier
Dr. George Grant Capt/Dr. Phillip Stuart
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Participation in this project is
voluntary and confidential,
department names or individual
names are not released or used
in this project without
their written permission.
We thank all these departments,
Chiefs, Officers and Firefighters
for their time and interest in
furthering firefighter safety.
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Mayday Project Surveys
Component 1: Survey of department
information; organization, number
members, apparatus, runs, response
type/numbers, SOPs, and training.
(88 questions)
Component 2: Upon the completion of
Component 1, Component 2 will be
sent, it deals with all the identified
components of your Mayday, size-up,
critical factors, IAP, communications,
response, etc.
(162 questions)
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Component 3: Upon completion of
Component 2, Component 3 will be sent, it
deals with the department’s handling
post action response, critique, follow-up
Training, etc.
(96 questions)
“In order for a firefighter to survive the
dangers of firefighting, he must know how
other firefighters have died or been
seriously injured.”
Vinny Dunn, Deputy Chief FDNY (ret.)
In the Volunteer Section we have
659 Dispatch Audio Tapes,
71 Dash /Helmet Cam Tapes
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We hope that this “Mayday Project”
will be the most complete informational
analysis on “maydays” ever conducted
and proven recommendations on
communications, command/
operations, response, training, and
follow-up.
We have a twenty-four person Advisory
Board that is preparing a “Project
Mayday” Report with recommendations
for prevention, training, response and
follow-up.
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. MAYDAY ….
anytime a firefighter(s) cannot
safely exit a IDLH hazard zone
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“Mayday, Mayday, Mayday”
RED ALERT
PERSONAL EMERGENCY
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Initiation or transmission of a firefighter
distress signal, “Mayday, Mayday, Mayday”
produces more stress and potential chaos
than any other single type of incident we
may encounter throughout our careers.
A trapped or disoriented firefighter
has two factors working against them.
1) Limited air supply and, 2) flame
impingement barring the fact that
direct physical trauma is not involved.
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If YOGI BERRA had been a
firefighter,
he would have said ….
“Mayday is ninety percent mental
and the other half is physical”
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YEAR REPORT
2015 – 2017.6
VOLUNTEER
“Mayday” reports from 2,439 Volunteer
Fire Departments representing 47 states
Completed Components
Component 1: 2,213
Component 2: 1,974
Component 3: 1,563
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NOT
ALL
MAYDAYS
ARE CREATED
EQUAL
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We believe the following information
on “Maydays” represents ONLY
8 to 10 % of actual “Maydays”
taking place each year in the fire
service
Component 1: Department Manning
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COMPONENT ONE: Department Staffing
FD Staffing
< 24
25 - 35
36 - 45
46 - 55
56 - 75
76 - 100
> 101
(7)
(488)
(359)
(286)
(734)
(122)
(38)
17.2% 20.2%
37.3%
6.2% 13.5%
4.4% 1.2%
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COMPONENT TWO: Mayday Victim(s) Age
18 - 22
23 - 32
33 - 42
43 - 52
53 - 62
63 - 70
> 71
(391)
(398)
(98)
(543)
(288)
(21)
(274)
13.4% 18.2%
19.7%
12.7%
25.1%
4% 1.1%
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COMPONENT TWO: Mayday Victim(s) Years of Service
5-Jan
10-May
15-Nov
16 - 20
21 - 25
26 - 30
> 30
1 - 5
21.3%
6 – 10
11 - 15
(485)
(157)
(78)
(365)
(420)
(227)
(258)8%
11.5% 4% 17.5%
13.1%24.6%
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COMPONENT TWO: Time of Day of Mayday
0001-0300
0300-0600
0600-0900
0900-1200
1200-1500
1500-1800
1800-2100
2100-2400
13.3%
(185)
(97)
(82)
(153)
(388)
(47)
(445)
(410)
4.2% 19.4%2.4%
20.8%7.8%
22.4% 19.6%
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COMPONENT TWO: Day of Week of Mayday
(194)
(244)
(191)
(277)
(331)
(386)
(349)
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
17.6% 10%
19.5%
16.7% 14%
9.6%
12.4%
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Units Involved in Maydays - On-Scene Information
1st Unit
2nd Unit
3rd Unit
4th Unit
5th Unit
6th Unit
56%
22%
14%
5%
2%
1%
Apparatus Involved in Mayday
97%
2%
.8%
.2%
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Crew Size:
- 2 person …….. 30%
- 3 person …….. 49%
- 4 person …….. 21%
COMPONENT TWO:
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Number of FF on the scene at the
time of the Mayday
9 – 15 ….. 31%
16 – 22 … 44%
23 – 29 … 15%
30 – 36 … 8%
37 – 42 … 2%
43 > … .8%
COMPONENT TWO:
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Number of Apparatus on the
Scene at the time of the Mayday
Engines: Ladders: Rescues: Batt.Chiefs:2 … 45% 1 … 51% 1 … 79% 1 … 86%
3 ... 29% 2 … 17% 2 … 11% 2 … 9%
4 … 16% 3 … 1% 3 … 6%
5 … 5% *
6 … 2%
*
COMPONENT TWO:
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SIZE UP / INITIAL RADIO REPORT
360: NO 360: …….. 76%
Incomplete … 12%
Completed … 12%
ADDRESS CONFIRMED:
NO: …………. 51%
YES: ………… 47.6%
COMPONENT TWO:
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Building Description:
- Size (small, medium, etc.): 41%
- Height (stories): 65%
- Construction Type: 19%
(block, lightweight, etc.)
- Occupancy Type: 44%
(residential, apartment, commercial, etc.)
COMPONENT TWO:
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360 Completed: 12%
- Confirm Size: 71%
- Life safety issue: 56%
(basement, etc.)
- Significant hazards: 45%
(down power lines, angry dogs, etc.)
- Smoke/Fire from new location: 41%
- Changes to original strategy: 15%
COMPONENT TWO:
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Problem Description:
- Smoke / Fire Conditions 47*%
- Actual Location of F & S 45*%
Initial Incident Action Plan
(reported by 1st unit on-the-scene)
- Task(s) 29%
- Supply Line 45%
- S & R (NO hose line) 9%
- S&R/FA Hose line 41%
- Location 40%
- Objectives 27%
COMPONENT TWO:
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Assume and Name Command:
- Passed Command to next unit 4%
- Assumed command 66%
- Named command 48%
- In-coming units given assignment, 43%
location, tasks
- Mobile Command 57%
- Stationary Command 44%
RIT established:
- YES: 35% - RIT Exception: 57%
- 2nd RIT established: 8%
COMPONENT TWO:
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Declare Strategy:
- Offensive 58%
- Defensive 7%
- NO strategy declared 35%
Additional Resource:
- 1st Alarm 15%
- 2nd Alarm 1.8%
COMPONENT TWO:
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RIC must be adequately staffed, well trained,
properly equipped, and under the direction of
a competent leader.
NFPA … 1407, 1404, 1407, 1500, 1521, 1561, 1710,
1720, and soon 1700
OSHA … 29CFR1910, Subpart I PPE and FP
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Accountability Location:
- Location established 30%
Transfer of Command:
- Announced new command location 27%
- Transfer of IAP 19%
- Confirm transfer and strategy 21%
Strategic Shift:
- CAN Reports 23%
- Notified dispatch (emergency tones) 29%
- Announce shift of strategy 22%
- Announced abandon structure 54%
- PARs conducted after abandon structure 49%
COMPONENT TWO:
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Additional Information: Initial Operation
- Utilities Controlled: 50%
- Forcible Entry required (announced) .4%
- Ventilation:
- Vertical 18%
- Horizontal 17%
- PPV 21%
- Door Control 1%
- Hydraulic 7%
- None 36%
COMPONENT TWO:
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Average Percentage Involvement of the Structure
On Arrival (estimated average)
Residential ……. 22%
Apartment ……… 7%
Commercial ……. 28%
COMPONENT TWO:
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A MAYDAY is like being awake during surgery
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To measure risk, it was thought,
humans simply multiplied the
probability of something happening
by the consequences of it happening
RISK = PROBABILITY = CONSEQUENCE
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COMPONENT 2: ELAPSED TIME TO MAYDAY
1 - 5mins
5 - 10mins
10 - 15mins
15 - 20mins
20 - 25mins
25 - 30mins
30 - 35mins
35 - 40mins
40 - 45mins
45 - 60mins
> 60mins
(1)
(129)
(88)
(49)
(49)
(62)
(28)
(77)
(116)
(173)
(106)
2015 – 2016 744
After Marking on the Scene
14.2% 23.2%
12.8% 15.5%
11.8% 10.3%
8.3% 4.9% 6.5%
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COMPONENT TWO: Injuries from Maydays
Perm.Disb.
Hosp >72hrs
ER Obs
Treated at theScene
(260)
(769)
(410)
(532)
39% 20.8%
27%
13.2%
MAYDAY PROBLEMS
PERMANENT DISABILITY
- Quadriplegic …. 7
- Paraplegic …… 14
- Spinal injuries ….. 23
- Head Injury ….. 33
- PTSD ….. 29
- 3rd degree burns… 30 to 50% of the body ….. 27
- 3rd degree burns…50 to 70% of the body ….. 25
- 3rd degree burns…> 70% of the body ….. 16
- 2nd degree burns...> 30% of the body ….. 41
- multi-fractures lower body ….. 39
MAYDAY PROBLEMS
DOES NOT
WORK
2 IN
2 OUT
• Temporal distortion (time)
• Disorientation
• Reluctance to relinquish personal
control of ones situation
• Loss of situational awareness
• Attempting to fix the problem before
calling for help
• Pride
• Denial
MAYDAY PROBLEMS
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Fireground
Firefighter
Fatalities
Fireground
Injuries
Fireground
Permanent
Disability
2015 NFPA Fireground Fatalities and Injuries Data
3% 141% 219%
MAYDAY PROBLEMS
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COMPONENT TWO: Types of Maydays
Air Problem
Lost/Sep fromHoseFalls from Roofs
Falls intoBasementsNo Comm
Trapped, Unableto MoveMedical
Other
(276)
(98)
(481)
(90)
(307)
(382)
(280)
(59)
14.2% 19.4%
24.3%4.6%5%
15.6% 14%
3%
MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
(307)
- Heart Attacks ….. 219
….. over fifty ….. ( 137)
….. previous known heart condition ….. (106)
….. on high pressure or blood thinner meds …
(131)
….. stroke ….. (28)
- Seizures ….. 15
- Diabetic emergency ….. 33
- Unknown ….. 47
(15.6%)
MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
- Apparatus accident ….. 11
- Struck by vehicle ….. 43
Types of Air Problems (276)
- Low Air* 46.3%
- Out of Air* 25.3%
- Facepiece problem 23.7%
- Regulator problem 4.7%
(14%)
- Was cylinder full at the time of entry? ….. 86%
- Has facepiece been bench tested ….. 11%
within the last year?
- Has regulator been bench tested
within last year? ...... 13%
Average Air Usage: 80L/min to 100L/min, when
involved in a Mayday, usage increase 110L/min
to 140L/min.
Low on Air:
Why did you run low on air (low air alarm)?
- Did not conduct air checks during incident…..
73%
- Went farther into the structure, did not estimate
exit air time? ….. 75%
- Physically fatigued, tired, used more air than
normal. 71%
Out of Air:
• Why did you run out of air?
- Thought I had enough air to exit? 71%
- Other members had air, I thought I
was okay? 85%
- Had a search to conduct ….. 4%
• 30 minute cylinder ….. 22%
• 45 minute cylinder ….. 66%
• 60 minute cylinder ….. 12%
Facepiece Problem:
- facepiece displaced 31%
- facepiece damaged 6%
Regulator Problem:
- regulator malfunctions 5%
- regulator damaged .4%
PASS Unit:
- PASS unit malfunction 2%
Average Age of SCBA: 12.6yrs
- Residential ……………………… 32 ….. 39.6%
- Apartments …………………...... 21 ….. 16.4%
- Commercial ……………………... 37 ….. 44%
FALLS FROM THE ROOF
(98)(5%)
- Falls off the roof ….. 31 ….. 30.3%
- Falls through the roof ….. 44 ….. 43.1%
- Falls off a ladder to the roof ….. 23….. 22.5%
FALLS FROM THE ROOF
- Roof Travel 68.2%
- Vent Point 31.8%
- Inspection Hole 41%
- Vent Hole Cut 59%
NUMBER OF FF ON THE ROOF:
1 FF…..89…. 2 FF…. ….. 7 FF….. 2 4 FF….. 0
TYPES OF ROOFS (98)
- Peaked…..56….54.8%
-Asphalt 71.6%
-Wood 15.4%
-Tile 7.8%
-Metal 5.2%
-Flat Roofs …..42….41.2
- Rubber coated 44.4%
- Membrane 36%
- Asp/Gravel 38%
LADDERS: (98)
- Ground Ladder 79 ….. 75.4%
- Aerial 21 ….. 24.6%
- Stick 39%
- Tower 61%
STRUCTURES:
- Residential …… (56.2%)
- Apartments … (12.4%)
- Commercial … (31.4)
Roof Travel: 8
Did the roof crew know the location of the 18%
fire prior to roof operations?
Was the roof sounded by all members
on the roof? YES 6% NO 94%
Operations Daytime 61% Nighttime 39%
Had the vent hole already been cut, prior to
“Mayday”? YES 9%
Had multi-vent holes been cut, prior to the
“Mayday” YES 0%
Roof Travel:
Had water been applied to the fire, prior to
roof operations? 43%
Roof Vent Operations:
Did the roof crew know the location of the fire?
YES 17%
Did the roof vent crew have a hose line?
YES 9%
Was a roof ladder used during vent cut?
YES 2%
Fell through the Roof:
How far did you fall?
- Half-way through the hole? 44%
- To the rafters? 47%
- To the floor? 9%
Half-way through hole:
- did you self-rescue? 54%
- did you need assistance? 46%
To the Rafters:
- Did you breakthrough the ceiling? YES 66%
- What happen to your facepiece?
Dislodged 88% Damaged 17%
To the Rafters:
- Did you lose your helmet? YES 61%
- Could you self- rescue? 18%
- How were you handled in your rescue?
Good 45% Roughly 55%
- Did you have flame or heat impingement?
Flame 34% Heat 66%
Comments:
- Difficult to get to radio
- Get to a position, where you can punch
a hole in the ceiling
- Had difficulty repositioning facepiece and
tightening straps
- Make sure you report possible injuries
- RIT “ it took a crew of 8 for attic removal
TRAPPED UNABLE TO MOVE
280(14.2%)
- Wires, ductwork, etc. ….. 54.4%
- Ceiling, floor, roof collapse ….. 39.3%
- Structure shift ….. 6.3%
Occurred during salvage/overhaul ….. 35%
TRAPPED UNABLE TO MOVE
Trapped by wires, duct work, drywall, etc.
If trapped by wires, did you have wire
cutters (etc.)? 19%
- Were you able to reach it, in whatever
pocket you had it in? 14%
TRAPPED UNABLE TO MOVE
Residential …… 171 ….. 61%
Apartments ….. 50 ….. 18%
Commercial …... 59…... 21%
COMPONENT 2: Lost, Separated from Hose Line –
MAYDAYP
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(19.4%)Lost, Separated from Hose Line 352
- Lost (NO HOSE LINE) ………120 ….. (34.2%)
- Separated from Hose Line ... 232 ….. (65.8%)
- 150ft…(1 ½-1 ¾) ………………41 …. (17.6%)
- 200ft…(1 ½-1 ¾) ………………75 …. (32.4%)
- 250ft…(1 ½-1 ¾) ……………....64*… (19%)
- 300ft…(2 ½-3) ……………...... 41* … (12.3%)
- 200ft…(21/2-3) ………………. 30 … (13.1%)
- 250ft…(21/2-3) ……………… 13 … (5.6%)
LOST:
• Why enter a building without a hose line?
- SOP/SOG allows entry … YES ….. 15%
- CO has the authority to make the call …
YES ….. 11%
• Were tag lines used instead of hose?
YES ….. .4%
General Comments:
• Easier to make a quick search
• Faster crew deployment
• Allows for multi-task actions
Separated from Hose Line:
• Why did you leave the hose line?
- To search a larger area (rooms/floors) ….. 85%
- Faster completion of search area ….. 62%
- Split into (two person) teams …. 39%
- Given a specific assignment by the CO ….11%
• How often have you left a hose line?
- 87% of the time
• Was tag used during separation … YES ….. 0%
• What do you think the average amount of time
during your hose separation? ….. 2-3 mins
- Residential …… 141 ….. 47%
- Apartments ….. 56 ….. 16%
- Commercial …. 130 ..... 37%
Component 2: NO Communications “Mayday”
NO Communications ….. 67
- Radio OFF…………… 11 ….. (16.4%)
- Off Channel ………… 29 ..... (43.2%)
- Lost Radio …………. 8 …. (11.9%)
- Dead Battery ………. 12 ….. (17.9%)
- Wet Radio ………….. 9 ….. (13.4%)
- Simplex …… 41 ….. (61.1%)
- 800 ………… 26 ….. (38.8%)
(9.1%)
2015-16
(24.3%)
COMPONENT 2: Falls into Basement
Fall into Basement/Trapped ….. 481 ….
- Floor above Basement (Collapsed) ... 224 ( 46.6%)
- Floor above Basement (Hole) ….. 198 …. ( 41.3%)
- Basement Stairway Collapse ….. 58 …. (12.1%)
- Basement Visible during 360 …. 84%*
COMPONENT 2: Falls into Basement
- Basement
- NO exterior windows …. 23%
- Had a second exit ……... 4%
- Finished interior………... 54%
w/ multi-compartments 62%
- Bedroom (s) ……………. 31%
- Basement Stairway
- exposed steps ………. 77%
- enclosed stairway ….. 15%
- stairway had landing.. 28%
COMPONENT 2: Falls into Basement
• Was a basement identified prior to your entry?
YES …. 24%
• Was floor sounded/tapped during entry?
YES …. 16%
• Were you standing up at the time of the floor
collapse? YES …. 83%
• How many FF were on the floor at the time of the
collapse? (1) …. 62% (2) …. 29% (3) …. 9%
(4) …. 0
• Was a TIC used to identify fire in the basement?
YES …. 18%
COMPONENT 2: Falls into Basement
• Basement collapse conditions:
- When you fell into the basement, how did you
land …. - face down …. 24%
- face up …. 43%
- on side …. 33%
- Was there fire in the basement? YES …. 89%
- could it be controlled by a single handline
YES …. 67%
- debris (furniture, etc.) came on top of us after
we fell in the basement … YES …. 64%
- were you able to self-rescue? YES …. 39%
- was stairway in tack? YES …. 44%
COMPONENT 2: Falls into Basement
• Was victim packaging required? YES …. 27%
• Concerns while trapped in basement?
- power was still on …. YES …. 49%
- potential further collapse …. YES …. 87%
- fire control …. YES …. 61%
- being able to move to a safe position … YES …. 54%
- identified possible injuries, reported them to
the IC …. YES ….81%
- able to give instructions to rescuers .. YES… 67%
- lost radio .. YES …. 18%
- facepiece dislodged .. YES …. 89%
- lost helmet .. YES …. 48%
COMPONENT 2: Falls into Basement
Other: 59 …..
- Holdup (drugs) ………. 3 ….. (7%)
- Assaults ……………….. 15 … (39%)
- Gunshots/Shootings … 11 ….. (37.8%)
- Drug Lab ……………….. 2 ….. (16.2%)
3%
HOARDER
HOUSES
36
Residential
Apartments
Commerical
56.7%
27.3%
16%
(1,119)
(540)
(315)
1,974
(71)
(228)
(81))
(107)
(116)
(93)
Residential Construction/Occupancy
579
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< 1,500sqft
1,501-2,400sqft
2,401-3,200sqft
3,201-4,500sqft
4,501-5,600sqft
> 5,600sqft
(111)19.1% 20.2%
18.4%16.2%
13.9% 12.2%
42.2%• Define Size (small, medium, large, mega)
• Modern construction
- non/ compartalized construction vs fire behavior
- temperature / heat release
- influences on fire growth
- reading smoke
- building materials (strength and weakness)
COMPONENT 2: TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION/
OCCUPANCY
COMPONENT 2: Residential Construction/
Occupancy
(71)
(228)
(81))
(107)
(116)
(93)
Residential Construction/Occupancy
579
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< 1,500sqft
1,501-2,400sqft
2,401-3,200sqft
3,201-4,500sqft
4,501-5,600sqft
> 5,600sqft
(111)19.1% 20.2%
18.4%16.2%
13.9% 12.2%
42.2%
< 1,500sqft
1,501-2,400sqft
2,401-3,200sqft
3,201-4,500sqft
4,501-5,600sqft
> 5,600sqft
(244)
(277
(66)
(323)
(128)
(81)
Hoarder Houses 402
AB/VA 31.4%
(1,119) 56.7%
402
HOARDERHOUSES
402
(416)
(284)
(213)45.5%
45.5%
23.3%
AB/VB
38.4%
HOADER
HOUSE…77
Size Numbers 1 Story 2 Story 3 Story Basement
< 1,500sqft (244) 244 91
1,501-2,400sqft (323) 207 116 213
2,401-3,200sqft (277) 156 71 50 174
3,201-4,500sqft (128) 81 33 14 82
4,501-5,600sqft (81) 23 31 27 64
> 5,600sqft (66) 7 24 35 57
Smoke Detectors:
- None …. 11%
- Present, not working…. 15%
- Working (1-2) …. 58%
- Working ( > 3) …. 18%
Residential Sprinklers:
- Yes (voluntary) …. .6%
- Yes (mandatory) …. .05%
Water Supply:
- Hydrants …. 52%
- Water Tender/Tanker …. 46%
RESIDENTIAL: Fire Protection
COMPONENT 2: Apartment Construction/Occupancy
(26)
(108)
(103)
(31)
(93)
28.1%
Apartment Construction/Occupancy
361
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< 800sqft
801-1,200sqft
1,201-2,000sqft
1,201-2,800sqft
>2,800sqft
27.7%
29.9%
28.5%25.7%
8.5% 7.4%
< 800sqft
801 - 1,200sqft
1,201 - 2,000sqft
2,000 - 2,800sqft
21.4%10.2%
26.5%
42%
(315) 16%
(32)
(132)
(83)
(67)
SIZE NUMBER 1story 2story 3story 4story< 800sqft (32) 24 6 2
(4units-8,8units-18
16units-6)
800-1,200sqft (132) 106 16 10
(4units-4,8units-78
16units-32,24units-18)
1,200-2,000sqft (83) 12 56 10 6
(4units-36,8units-24
16units-23)
2,001-2,800sqft (67) 15 31 16 5+
(4units-27,8units-10
16units-11, 16+units-11)
Apartment: Fire Protection
Smoke Detectors:
- None …. 9%
- Present, not working…. 11%
- Working …. 80%
Sprinklers:
- Yes …. 41%
- Connect FDC
1st E … 3% 2ndE … 4% 3rdE … 9%
4thE… 11% 5thE …. 17% 6th E> … 22%
NO FDC … 34%*
Water Supply:
- Hydrants …. 74%
- Water Tender/Tanker …. 26%
• When dealing with apartment fires
we struggle with …..
- getting crews in the apartment above the
fire
- working the side with the most exposure
- working mirrored apartments backside
- working center enclosed utility chases
- apartments with center hallways, attempting
to make one end with a stairway as smoke
free as possible for occupants exit
- advancing lines over balconies and pulled
to the fire floor
COMPONENT 2: Commercial Construction /
Occupancy
(77)
(91)
(93)
(86)
(84)
17.9% 21.8%
14.4%
Commercial Construction / Occupancy
431
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< 35,000sqft
35,001-50,000sqft
50,001-100,000sqft
100,001-150,00sqft
> 150,001
21.5% 19.4%
21.1%
19.9% 17.8%
2015 .5
COMPONENT 2: Commercial Construction /
Occupancy
< 35,000sqft
35,001-50,000sqft
50,001-100,000sqft
100,001-150,000sqft
> 150,000sqft
26.4%
(142)
(98)
(141)
(90)
(56)
16.7%
26.2%
10.4%
18.3%
540
27.3%
COMPONENT 2: Commercial Construction /
Occupancy
Smoke Detectors:
- None …. 2.6%
- Present, not working…. 4%
- Working …. 93.4%
Sprinklers:
- Yes …. 75%
- Connect FDC
1st E … 0% 2ndE … 2% 3rdE … 5%
4thE… 9% 5thE …. 18% 6th E> … 23%
NO FDC … 43%*
Water Supply:
- Hydrants …. 74%
- Water Tender/Tanker …. 26%
COMPONENT 2: Commercial Construction /
Occupancy
Warehousing: 31
Manufacturing: 34
Churches: 19
School: 5
Storage: 44
Retail: 72 (46-Strip Malls)
AB/VA
21.4%
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COMPONENT 2: Commercial Construction /
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- Entanglement, 200ft hose line
- Ceiling Collapse, 150ft hose line (3”)
- SCBA Regulator problem, 200ft hose line
- Separated from hose line, 250ft hose line
- Shelving collapse, (2), 200ft hose line
- Flashover, (4) 200ft hose line
- Fell through Roof (2)
- Lost off hose line, 200ft hose line
- Medical (diabetic)
- Separated from hose line, 250ft hose line
- Flashover
- Fell into Pit
- Out of Air, 250ft hose line
- Lost off hose line, 200ft hose line
- Ceiling collapse
- Loss communication
- Separated from hose line, 300ft hose line
- Overhead door came down
- Facepiece problem
- Low alarm, 250ft hose line
- Lost off hose line, 250ft hose line
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FIRE DEPARTMENT
SOPs/SOGs
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SOP / SOG
- Written “Mayday” SOPs/SOGs 66%
- SOPs/SOGs reviewed at least
every three years 15%
- Mutual Aid departments having
matching/different SOPs/SOGs 11%
Fire Department SOPs / SOGs Training
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FIRE DEPARTMENTSOP / SOG
Most fire departments (39%) do not offer definitions
of the following:
- Emergency traffic
- Priority traffic
- Emergency evacuation signal
- Alert tone
- (EA) Emergency Action Button
Establish the Common Terminology:
- Priority Traffic
- Urgent
- Emergency
- Emergency Traffic
- MAYDAY
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FIRE DEPARTMENTSOP / SOG
Many fire departments (41%) do not list the
requirements of their dispatch/communication
during a Mayday
Fire Department SOPs / SOGs Training
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FIRE DEPARTMENTSOP / SOG
Communication/Channel for Mayday
operations
- Remain on original fireground channel 33%
- Switch to different tactical channel 56%
- Switch to Safety channel 11%
Fire Department SOPs / SOGs Training
After ActionP
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FIRE DEPARTMENTSOP / SOG
Communication/Dispatch
• Fire Department 21%
• Third Party 13%
• Law Enforcement 66%
Fire Department SOPs / SOGs Training
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FIRE DEPARTMENTTRAINING
The trick is to embed firefighter’s behavior in
the subconscious, so that it becomes automatic
this is only done by repeated and realistic training
with measured competencies every six months.
Fire Department SOPs / SOGs Training
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PRE – MAYDAY ACTIVITIES
Training:
- Did you participate in Mayday training
in the last 24 months… YES…31%
in the last 12 months…YES…24%
- multi-company: ….. 19%
- night Mayday exercise: ….. 69%
- rescue/recovery/packaging/removal: ….. 17%
- sound effects/obstacle: ….. 11%
- training/Mayday run by BC: ….. 8%
- accountability tags/PARs: ….. 16%
- package handoff to EMS (involvement): …..
1.3%
- does your FD conduct air consummation
assessment annually? YES ….. 1.4%
Fire Department SOPs / SOGs Training
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MAYDAY ACTIVITIES
Training:
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Training you had or conducted on Maydays
- Did you attend Mayday drills? YES …64%
- Did you participate in them as an IC? YES … 6%
- What was your position?
Mobile: … 77% Stationary: … 23%
- Was the entire drill played out (entry, Mayday,
response, rescue, packaging, removal, load for
transport) YES … 4%
- Did you practice for two Mayday’s: YES: … 0%
- Did you have communication issues: YES: … 83%
- Did your drills relate to the actual Mayday event?
YES: … 9%
- Do you do simulation training annually? YES …4%
- Does your department practice accountability ALL
of the time? (REAL ACCOUNTABILITY)YES…19%
Fire Department SOPs / SOGs Training
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- Were you trained in RIT team operations?
YES … 64%
- The training occurred: 2017 …. 26% .. 2016 …. 22%,
2015 …. 17%, 2014 …. 13%, 2013 …. 6%
How often do you retraining? Every year …. 6%
two years …. 5% three years …. 14%
- How many members of your RIT?
3 … 26% 4 … 31% 5 …. 0% 6 …. 0%
- How many RIT bags were on the scene for your
Mayday? 0 … 1%, 1 …. 91%, 2 …. 7%, 3 …. 0%
- Was a physical rescue performed? YES …. 5%
- What equipment did you special call for:
Pry bar …. 2% Stokes Basket (carrier) …. 13%
Folding Ladder …. 18% Chain Saw …. 10%
Fire Department SOPs / SOGs Training
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- Did your RIT team have a Mayday?
YES … 17%
- Reason:
Took short cut
Did not follow hose line
Not good instruction from the IC
Victim moved from original location
Fire Department SOPs / SOGs Training
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LUNER
GRAB LIVES
NUCAN
PCAN
UCAN
LIP
LAPN
Fire Department SOPs / SOGs Training
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In the last four years !!!!!!
We have killed 1 FF, disabled 7 FF,
and injured 51 more….
PERFORMING THIS DRILL
Fire Department SOPs / SOGs Training
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Was basement drills conducted as part of RIT training
21%
Fire Department SOPs / SOGs Training
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MAYDAY RESCUE
(730)
(532)
(78)
(473)
(157)
Self-Rescue
Mayday Crew
Interior Crew
RIT / RIC
Other
37%
24%
27%
8% 4%
New PlateauNew Plateau
Plateau
Unknown
DROP
DROPDROP
“ You will not rise and stay to an
occasion, but will sink to the
level of your training” Josh Medcalf
Path to Mastery
ZVC / PZVCP
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ZVC
PZVC
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INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL SURVEY – MAYDAY VICTIM
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INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL SURVEY – MAYDAY VICTIM
INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL SURVEY – MAYDAY VICTIM
In each individual personal survey – Mayday
victim were instructed that the surveys were
confidential, department name or victim’s name
would NOT be shared with anyone. It was
requested that all information be factual and
honest
A request was made to each fire department for
permission, that each mayday-victim complete
the individual personal survey – mayday victim.
1,731
Male: 1,660 Female: 106
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• Situation Awareness ….. 27%
• Decision Making ….. 33%
• Human Error/Individual Actions …. 39%
• Communication ….. 11%
• Not Enough Resources …. 41%
• Structural issues ….. 3%
• Unsafe Act Performed ….. 53%
INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL SURVEY – MAYDAY VICTIM
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INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL SURVEY – MAYDAY VICTIM
- Collect your thoughts and control your
breathing
- Call the MAYDAY
- Advise the IC of your intentions
- Make noise without wasting air
- It’s difficult to hear and talk (PASS alarm /
Low air alarm)
- Monitor distance into the structure
- Be accountable to someone
AIR = TIME = SURVIVAL
MANY MAYDAYS (44%) OCCUR BEFORE
A FORMAL RIT TO IS ESTABLISHED
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INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL SURVEY – MAYDAY VICTIM
Sleep deprivation/restriction research is showing
us that there is both a mental effect and physical
effect.
The recent information about sleep duration
influences firefighter’s activity level, lower the
body’s ability to recovery from some activities by
as much as 50%.
Some research shows during duty periods when
sleep is disrupted, when a call occurs, also suggest
that sleeping with “one ear open” may disrupt
sleep even more if no call occurs, this leads to
some of the same problems, performance impair-
ment and adverse health outcomes.
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INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL SURVEY – MAYDAY VICTIM
Enroute to Incident involved in the MAYDAY
- Did you wear your seatbelt? NO … 64%
- Did a discussion take place amongst the crew
about the incident prior to arrival? YES … 13%
- Was specific orders given to crew members by
the CO ?… 35%
- Was there a pre-plan for your “mayday”
(commercial building) ? YES … 2.1%
- Did each member of the crew have a radio?
YES … 19%
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INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL SURVEY – MAYDAY VICTIM
- Did you donn your turnouts before entering the
the hazard zone? … YES … 41%
- Was a water supply line layed and charged by
by first engine on the scene ? … YES … 33%
- Was accountability started by first engine on the
scene? … YES … 3.2%
- Was a 360 conducted by the first engine? …
YES … 11%
- Was there any signs of a confirmed rescue?
(dispatch information, someone on the scene,
etc. … YES … 3%
- Was there cars in the driveway, lights on in the
house, etc.) … YES …11%
- Did the structure show signs of being vacant?
YES … 26%
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INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL SURVEY – MAYDAY VICTIM
- Did the CO stay outside the structure to be the
IC? … YES … 24% (crew size)
- Was a quick attack made from the outside?
YES … 9%
- Was forcible entry required? … YES … 16%
- Was a handline charged before entry? … YES …
81%
- How often do you check the nozzle stetting prior
to entry? … Always … 19%
Most of the time … 23%
Seldom … 58%
- Where you masked-up prior to ?
Always … 66%
Most of the time … 33%
Seldom … 5%
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INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL SURVEY – MAYDAY VICTIM
- Was RIT established prior to your entry? …. YES…
29%
- Did you enter standing-up? … YES … 86%
- How long after your entry, did you go to your
knees? … average 5/7 minutes …
- How often do you leave your hoseline by more
than 10 feet, in near zero visibility? …
Most of the time … 81%
- Was ventilation performed prior to you mayday?
YES … 7%
Vertical … 13% Horizontal … 58%
- Was there an effort to control the entry door in
regards to air flow? … YES … 5%
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INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL SURVEY – MAYDAY VICTIM
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INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL SURVEY – MAYDAY VICTIM
- Did you know the location of the fire in the
structure? … YES 33%
- Did you sound the floor during S/R and/or FA?
YES … 5%
- When conditions changed, were they immediately
reported? … YES … 41%
- Did you request a second crew for assistance?
YES … 21%
- Was water applied to the fire prior to your mayday?
YES … 31%
- Was an air check conducted prior to your mayday?
YES … 16%
Estimated amount of air at the time of your
mayday? … 1030psi
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- Was this your first mayday? 100%
- Did you consider calling your mayday earlier?
YES … 64%
- Did you delay calling your mayday, because you
thought you could fix the problem? … YES 71%
- What does your FD use for initial mayday or
personal assessment?
LUNER … 38%
GRAB LIVES …. 7%
CAN/PCAN … 25%
NUCAN … 7%
LIP … 5%
Other … 18%
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- Did you know your exact location in the structure?
- area of room … 31%
- direction facing … 37%
- Were you able to help rescuers locate you?
YES … 64%
- Did rescuers verbally communicate with you when
found?
- how trapped / or type injuries… YES … 36%
- did they listen to your report … YES … 56%
- Were you told who was coming to get you?
YES … 68%
PERCEPTIONS vs REALITY
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- During your mayday, did you …
… make noise … YES … 17%
… wave/turn off/on your flashlight … YES … 15%
… moved to an outside wall/door … YES … 9%
… don’t remember what I did … 26%
- How were you handle by your rescuers?
Good … 48% Roughly … 52%
- Did rescuers have the proper equipment for your
rescue? … YES … 26%
- If packaging was required, did they proper
package you, before exiting? … YES … 5%
- Did you have on all your PPC on? … YES … 77%
hood … 75% gloves … 98%
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- Did you carry personal tools?
- wire cutters ….. 23%,
could you reach them ….. YES ….. 39%
- rescue rope ….. 7%
- extra flashlight ….. 9%
- gloves ….. 18%
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INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL SURVEY – MAYDAY VICTIM
Did you have confidence in your…
- Company Officer ….. 77%
- Incident Commander ….. 83%
- RIT ….. 41%
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INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL SURVEY – MAYDAY VICTIM
What happens in our brain as the floor gives
way? Fear guides our reactions in every
station of the survival arc. In the beginning
of the deliberation phase, fear is typically at
its peak, once we grasp the danger we face,
we have less fear and more control.
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INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL SURVEY – MAYDAY VICTIM
- Should have more people on the line or backing
us up.
- I was afraid of the consequences of calling a
mayday.
- To much radio traffic.
- IC didn’t ask the right questions.
- Could not put into order some of the things I had
been taught or practiced in mayday training.
- Rescuers did not listen to what I had to say.
- Radio traffic gave me more fear.
- Should be more aware of my environment.
- My crew stayed with me as long as they could.
- Never leave the hoseline
YOUR COMMENTS
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- Deteriorating conditions;
- came faster than expected
- couldn’t react fast enough
- crew passing on situation awareness was slow
or never came to all crew members
- moved faster than we should have
- got off hose line, farther than I should have
- spacing off the hose line was to far
- when we fell into the basement, someone
should have passed us a line
- TIC didn’t work as expected on the first floor
with fire in the basement
- There should have been ladders at a third
floor window for escape, instead of jumping
YOUR COMMENTS
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- Emergency Stress …
Normal – 75hpm – you will react clearly and
manage complex motor skills…
after 145 hpm
most people begin to deteriorate voice
command, volume , begin shakes, lower
motor kills, vision, hearing, and depth
perception can also decline, if stress intensifies
people will usually experience a form of amnesia
after the event.
Considerations / Recommendation
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INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL SURVEY – MAYDAY VICTIM
• The three most common reasons firefighters need
to be rescued:
- inadequate fire experience
- inadequate fire training
- poor leadership at the company level
• Lack of situational awareness
• 27% of mayday problems, are not reported as
MAYDAYS!
Considerations / Recommendation
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INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL SURVEY – MAYDAY VICTIM
• The EA button is when you can’t talk. Don’t press
the button if you can talk.
• BIGGER the structure = more MAYDAYs
more square footage, more challenges, distance to
the fire, larger are to search, more twist and turns,
longer operations.
• Most MAYDAYs occur 9 - 11 minutes after arrival of
first company
• Most MAYDAYs (41%) occur before a formal RIC (4
person team is established)
• Don’t expect a FF to accomplish a manipulative
skill learned in a few hours, especially if the task
was learned months ago.
Considerations / Recommendation
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INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL SURVEY – MAYDAY VICTIMConsiderations / Recommendation
• At a certain point a person must accept they need
help and must know and follow the procedures to
do so.
• WHY DO WE WAIT SO LONG?
- tunnel vision, become to focus on the wrong
things.
- under estimate existing conditions and NOT
forecasting what they could become.
• YOU CALLED A MAYDAY … NOW WANT?
- collect your thoughts, control your breathing
- what are you intentions?
- can you do those things ask by the IC?
- keep mask on
- have a plan when you start to run low on air!
- exercise your Mayday call (LUNER, GRAB LIVES..
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• Be realistic with your training needs, what is your
weakest area, then work hard with your training.
• Become the rescuer that you want to be … that
would rescue yourself
• When working with a new officer or crew, under-
stand they expectations.
• As a officer have fire ground rules that your crew
must follow.
• FF in distress will over compensate – they will not
be able to feel safe enough.
Considerations / Recommendation
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INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL SURVEY – MAYDAY VICTIM
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INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL SURVEY – IC
1,744
Male: 1,653
Female: 91
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DEMANDS OF THE INCIDENT
CAPABILITIES
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INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL SURVEY – ICHow well command manages
the “Mayday” and how well
crews interact with one another
will determine the success or
failure of the toughest types
of incidents we will ever work
• Activate the RIT
• Get a RIT for the RIT
• Start another alarm assignment
• Add another Chief Officer
• Ensure everybody stays on task
• Ensure accountability is accurate
• Call for medical resources
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INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL SURVEY – IC
In route to the Incident - the IC
- Were you able to hear all the radio traffic in route?
YES: … 65%
- Were you a Mutual Aid IC? YES: … 53%
- Did you order additional resources prior to your
arrival? YES: … 33%
- Was this your first Mayday incident? YES: … 99.6
- Command transferred Once….73%
Twice…..21% Three…. 6%
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On Scene – Mayday Incident
- Were you able to position yourself to see two sides
of the structure? YES: … 64%
- Was the initial 1st engine, strategy correct
(offensive/defensive) YES: … 71%
- Had there been 360 conducted prior to your
arrival? YES: … 15% Second 360… 6%
- Had RIT been established prior to your arrival?
YES … 21%, then do you establish one…. YES
… 62%
- Had accountability been established prior to your
arrival YES … 11% (Actual Accountability)
- Do you have enough resources for the incident,
prior to the Mayday? YES: … 41%
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On Scene – Mayday Incident
- Could you have predicted a major problem during
the incident? YES: … 31%
- Should you have changed strategy earlier?
YES: … 39%
- Did you receive timely and good interior reports?
YES: … 17%
- Did you receive time checks from dispatch during
the incident? YES: … 6%
- Were you able to track personnel/tactics on a
FD worksheet? YES: … 18%
- At the time of the Mayday was major progress
being made on the fire? YES: … 38%
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On Scene – Mayday Incident
- Was there too much radio traffic during the
incident? ….. YES 55%
- Did you feel you had adequate crew and line
placement? ….. YES 48%
- Did you switch radio channels for the Mayday?
YES 77%
- Did you appoint another officer to run the Mayday
for Fire Operations?
- I kept Fire Operations, passed on Mayday
Rescue. ….. YES 11%
- I kept Mayday Rescue and passed Fire
Operations. …. YES 17%
- I kept doing both. ….. YES 72%
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Post Mayday Incident:
- Did you conduct an on-scene briefing of the
incident with all participates? ….. YES 17%
- Was PPE & SCBA worn by Mayday personnel
secured for inspection? ….. 6%
- Was a critique conducted of the incident and
shared with the department members? …. YES 19%
- Was a report written on the incident and audio
radio traffic reviewed? ….. YES 5%
- If mutual aid was involved was this information
shared with them? ….. YES 56%
- Were there any changes made to SOP’s as a
result of this incident? ….. YES 7%
- Rules in handling Mayday ?
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Your Comments:
- “ Let your gut and experience help drive your
decision”
- “ Poor PTSD evaluations”
- “Manage work cycles”
- “The overwhelming majority of ICs believe they’re
are prepared for a Mayday event, when they are
NOT”
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Your Comments:
- “ Think before you speak on the radio, its hard to
take back”
- “Forecast the structure, the fire behavior and the
resources you have to work with”
- “Nobody wanted to listen, CO were just as bad
as the firefighter. Putting everyone together to
regroup was a bad idea. Pick an officer who will
DO THEIR JOB, stand their ground and not let
anyone go back in”
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Your Comments:
- “STAY COOL, speak calmly and offer assurance
- “ Assign an officer to run the rescue as soon as
possible”
- “Expect mutinies, react to them and control them”
- “Get a second RIT formed as quickly as possible”
- “The simple truth is nothing in the collective set of
experiences in commanding fires translates into
commanding a mayday event”
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Your Comments:
- When a Mayday occurs:
- Command should assign a Chief Officer or
Senior Captain to be in-charge of the Mayday
Rescue.
- The IC should maintain control of the fire attack,
gather additional resources.
- Stay on original channel
- Conduct a silent PAR
- IC NEED REHAB
Strategic Decision Making ModelP
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Size- Up of
Critical
Factors
RISK
MANAGEMENT
STRATEGY
Incident
Action
Plan
Tactical
Objectives
FORECAST
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INCIDENT ACTION
PLANIdentify the Correct Strategy
Provide Resources
Stabilize the Incident
Firefighter Safety
Fire Status vs Resource Needs
HOPE IS NOT A PLAN
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Does the AHJ have a “After Mayday Plan”
• On-site debriefing
• Family notification and support
• Relief schedule for affected crews
• CISD
• Internal investigation (Chief Officer/Training)
• PIO
After the MAYDAY
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PREDICTABLE
Is
PREVENTABLE
PRECEPTION
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COMMENTS / RECOMMENDATION
• Expect emotional mutiny, react quickly and control
freelancing, re-enforce this with company officers
and other command officers.
• IRIT/RIT/RIC whatever, if it’s a two or three
person crew … good luck! You have checked off
the box and made a joke of any rescue attempt.
It really will take 4,6 or 12 people.
• Never switch sides/division/sector names …
unless necessary
• Estimate a time factor for rescue
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COMMENTS / RECOMMENDATION
• Control radio communication, yelling and
screaming becomes epidemic, confirm all
radio reports.
• BIGGER the structure = more MAYDAYs
• Don’t make every Mayday drill a rescue event
have a body recovery, pull everyone out, do a
PAR, regroup.
• Most IC’s knew who the firefighter would be
that would call a Mayday, they had a attitude,
training, or experience deficiencies prior to
the fire, it was predictable.
COMMENTS / RECOMMENDATION
• Be proactive with ladders and lighting
• Call an additional alarm when you have a mayday.
• Always expect … the unexpected
• Ensure manageable span of control throughout
the incident.
• Do not flood the inside with people, when NOT
necessary.
• Forecast and review, be prepared to switch
strategy.
• Maydays are HIGH priority rescues
• Have a heighten awareness with vacant,
abandon, hoarder structures, especially when
deciding strategy.
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COMMENTS / RECOMMENDATION
• If we what safe and effective incident operations
we must connect and align the three operational
levels (strategic, tactical and task). This allows
the IC to control and position all operating
resources.
• Two types of Maydays
Strategic and localized task level
Strategic mayday result s from operating in
offensive positions under defensive fire
conditions, normally kills firefighters in bunches.
Task level maydays are localized events that
occur to a firefighter or crew. These are situations
typically involve becoming lost, trapped or
missing.
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COMMENTS / RECOMMENDATION
• As the IC enforce fire ground SOPs/SOGs
• As the IC conduct tailboard debriefings after each
structure fire. When there is a problem or things
don’t go as expected, re-walk each companies
actions in the fire structure.
• Listen to audio dispatch/fire alarm reports, re-
visit the communications and seek improvements
as necessary.
• On occasion have crews visit a burn center as a
reminder of the worst consequences that can
occur with poor personal decision making.
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COMMENTS / RECOMMENDATION
• Watch for operational delays
• Unidentified or uncontrolled flow paths
• Lost of compartment integrity
• Protect means egress
• Smoke (angle of smoke plume – wind driven)
• Commercial buildings with no sprinklers should
highly dangerous operations
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COMMENTS / RECOMMENDATION
• Do NOT flood interior with RIT crews
• Monitor air supplies during RIT operations
• Unconscious or injured firefighters require extra
time
• Update information for rescue plans
• Maintain strong control at entry points
• Each Mayday will come with its own set of
problems and critical factors
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COMMENTS / RECOMMENDATIONP
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IC
Worksheet
COMMENTS / RECOMMENDATION
• Maydays are the precursors to firefighter LODDs
These incidents ruin firefighter’s careers and
destroy fire departments.
Really good, professional fire departments
manage themselves in a way that reduces or
eliminate maydays from occurring in the first
place. Using a true tactical level and a standard
company work cycle that supports air management
and sustaining the fire attack allows us to
complete the tactical priorities without killing
ourselves.
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AFTER THE MAYDAY
AFTER THE MAYDAY
• Mayday personnel recovered,
re-identified, removed
• RIT members all accounted for
• PAR for all workers in the Hazard
Zone
• Consider CSID
Your CommentsP
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Rescue Team, RIT, Mayday Officer
Survey
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Rescue Team, RIT, Mayday Officer
Survey
Rescue Team Officer, RIC Officer,
Mayday Officer
Personal Survey
1,278
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Rescue Team, RIT, Mayday Officer
Survey
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Rescue Team, RIT, Mayday Officer
Survey
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IRIC, RIC, RIT OperationsP
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IRIC, RIC, RIT OperationsP
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2 in / 2 outOur research, based onVictims, ICs, IRIC/RICDOES NOT WORK …
It has not produced anydesired results …
- to few people
- not properly dressed
- NO RIC bag
- mentally unprepared
- NO plan
- NO back-up plan or team
Component 2: Rescue Team, RIT, Mayday OfficerP
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(3) 49% (4) 45% (5+) 6%
Component 2: Rescue Team, RIT, Mayday OfficerP
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RIT Bag Useage:
- Air ……………………………. 67
- low air ….. 59
- out of air ….. 6
- Facepiece replacement…… 14
- Regular replacement ……... 2
- Wire Cutters ………………… 31
- Bolt Cutters …………………. 7
- Stoke Basket/Mega Mover, etc ……… 213
- Folding ladder ………………… 219
Component 2: Rescue Team, RIT, Mayday Officer
MAYDAY RESPONSE:
- Were you the initial rescue group: YES …. 11%
- The initial response was:
- Mayday crew: …. 44%
- Another Interior crew: …. 49%
- RIC: …. 7% ….. On-deck (8%)
- Did you have difficulty locating Mayday victim?
YES …. 63%
- Did entanglement occur? YES …. 12%
- Did victim require packaging? YES ….. 17%
Component 2: Rescue Team, RIT, Mayday Officer
- Was this your first real Mayday? YES ….. 99.5%
- Were you able to communicate with Mayday
victim? YES …. 66%
- Did you know the location of the Mayday victim
prior to entry? YES …. 56%
- How long did RIT physical rescue take: average
19 – 25 mins
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RIT POST MAYDAY - Comments
- What was some of the problems that occurred
during the rescue:
- recommend, turning pass unit off and on for
short periods of time
- have a backup plan
- don’t except much help from the victim
- we took short cuts and cut corners, without
regard for our own safety
- more training, with sounds, debris, and radio
traffic.
- know your needs before you go
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• Equipment for a IRIC/RIT/FAST can be divided
into two categories:
- personal gear carried by a RIT member
- team resources staged and ready
• Have a tarp, pre-marked with equipment location,
everything that may be required for a RIT rescue
(it will be noted what’s needed, missing or being
used for the next RIT.
COMMENTS / RECOMMENDATION
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COMMENTS / RECOMMENDATION
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COMMENTS / RECOMMENDATION
RIT
1ST RIT TEAM
RIT _____ TIME ______
RIT TL 360
RIT BAG CHECKED
TIC
RIT TARP CHECKED
RIT PLAN
2ND RIT TEAM
RIT _____ TIME ______
RIT TL 360
RIT BAG CHECKED
TIC
RIT TARP RE-SUPPLIED
RIT PLAN
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• Listen to radio communication as what may be
required for rescue, more air cylinders, special
equipment.
• Don’t take short cuts and become another mayday
• RIT officer should know the strength and weakness
of crew members, making sure each person has
the right assignment.
COMMENTS / RECOMMENDATION
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• Locating a firefighter in distress:
- stop, listen, at times cease all activities
- look for discarded tools and equipment, hose
- check ceiling for beams of light
- use a TIC
COMMENTS / RECOMMENDATION
Rapid Rescues are
NOT rapid ….slow down, do it RIGHT the first time, be aware of
your environment, don’t be surprised by anything.
Be calm and reassuring, take the time to think
through anything that you have never done before
or hadn't been trained to do. There is a first time for
everything.
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COMMENTS / RECOMMENDATION
Captain
1st FF
2nd FF
Checks out RIT bag
3rd FF
Sets tarp, retrieves stokes, saw, folding ladder, etc.
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RECOMMENDATION
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Thanks to the following departments ororganizations for their donations.
• Montana Mutual Aid Association, MT
• Hurricane Valley FD, UT
• Johnson County, TN
IF YOU WISH TO SUBMIT A “MAYDAY”
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If you wish to view the 2015 Annual “Project Mayday” General Report,
click on either CAREER or VOLUNTER REPORT.
2015
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2015
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“PROJECT MAYDAY”
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