THOMAS JEFFERSONApril 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826

Here is buried Thomas Jefferson, Author of the Declaration of Independence, of the Statute of

Virginia for religious freedom, and the Father of the University of Virginia

What is missing? WHY?

THOMAS JEFFERSON

AND THE EXPANDING NATION

Who is Thomas Jefferson? Educated – College of William and Mary

Drafted Declaration of Independence

Secretary of State under President George Washington

Vice President under John Adams

Elected President of the U.S. in 1800 until 1809

How does Jefferson Change the Presidency and the United States? Believed in simplifying

government

- Walked to his inauguration

- Wore work clothes and slippers to greet guests

Goal: Shrink government influence (reduce central power) HOW?

- Reduced the size of the army

- Froze the expansion of the navy

- Lowered costs of government functions

- Supported free trade without the influence of

the government

Jefferson and the Louisiana Territory

The French Revolution enables Napoleon Bonaparte to rule France

Bonaparte forces Spain to return the Louisiana Territory to France

Dreams of a European empire cause Napoleon to sell territory

Jefferson questions constitutionality of the purchase

Senate ratifies treaty and U.S. purchases Louisiana- Doubles the size of

the U.S. for $15 million

- Roughly, four cents an acre

Lewis and Clark

Jefferson asks Congress to grant $2500 to explore the territory

Enlists his secretary, Meriwether Lewis to head the journey

May 14, 1804 – September 23, 1806

The Unnecessary WarWar of 1812

War hawks call for war against Britain. WHY?- Impressment- Embargo Act of 1807- Battle of Tippecanoe – Gen. William Henry Harrison defeats the N.A. Confederacy (Chief Tecumseh) * Harrison becomes a national hero

* N.A. fighting with British arms

* John C. Calhoun of S.C. & Henry Clay (KY) lead “war hawks” battle cry “On to Canada?”

Congress declares war in 1812- Democratic-Republican James Madison elected in 1808 – calls for war- Key – “Star Spangled Banner” as U.S. defeat the

British at Ft. McHenry- Battle of New Orleans

* British casualties: 2000

* American casualties: 21

* Andrew Jackson - victorious, after

war has ended

Star Spangled Banner

Oh, say, can you see, by the dawn’s early light, What so proudly we hail’d at the twilight’s last

gleaming?Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thro’ the perilous

fight,O’er the ramparts we watch’d, were so gallantly

streaming?And the rockets’ red glare, the bombs bursting in air,Gave proof thro’ the night that our flag was still there.

O say, does that star-spangled banner yet waveO’er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

Treaty of Ghent

Signed on Christmas Eve, 1814 Re-opens trade between the U.S. and

Britain Ignores issues of impressment and

shipping rights Does not resolve internal tension in

the U.S.

Results of War of 1812

Second war for independence Increases feelings of nationalism Beginning of the end of the Federalist

Party Andrew Jackson becomes a national

hero