thomas manns death in venice exilic schi(1)

8/16/2019 Thomas Manns Death in Venice Exilic Schi(1)

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Gary B. Wack

Dr. Klara Lutsky

GENG 635

March 9, 2011

Thoas Ma!!"s Death in Venice, E#$l$c %ch$s a!& th' Myst'r$u (o!$u!ct$o!$s

)arol& Bloo o!c' r'*'rr'& to Thoas Ma!!+s Death in Venice as a -l'!& o*

yth a!& sycholo/y $th a! art$st sch'!-ach4 cau/ht $!s$&' a s$r$tual cr$s$s 154.

)' /o's o! to su//'st that th$s s$r$tual cr$s$s $s th' '**'ct o* a tor! sych', or a

stru//l' -'t''! th' rat$o!al a!& 'ot$o!al 14. %$/u!& r'u&+s t'r *or th$s oul&

-' th' Dy!a$cs o* 7'r'ss$o! h'r' o!'+s h$&&'! &'s$r's 'r'at' -'!'ath th'

sur*ac' o* th' co!sc$ous s'l* $!s$&' th' u!co!sc$ous, o!ly to -u--l' -ack to th' sur*ac'

$'rc$!/ th' co!sc$ous s'l* a!& a!$*'st$!/ $!s$&' th' sych' as a r$al *orc' r'al$8'&

514. B'yo!& r'u&, th'r' $s a! ''! &'''r, or' 'ras$', $!*lu'!c' h$&&'! $th$!

Thoas Ma!!+s Death in Venice. Th$s &'''r $!*lu'!c' '#$sts $th$! th' '#$l$c sch$s o*

th' charact'r sch'!-ach as h' stru//l's $th$! h$s s'l*:$os'& lack o* 'rso!al

*r''&o, h$ch a!$*'sts $ts'l* $!s$&' h$s sych' $! th' *or o* a! alch'$cal u!$o! o*

oos$t's. Th$s alch'$cal u!$o! o* oos$t's $s th' ;u!/$a! co!c't o* th' Myst'r$u

(o!$u!ct$o!$s.

(arl ;u!/ &'scr$-'s th' Myst'r$u (o!$u!ct$o!$s $!$t$ally as a -l'!& o* hys$cal

'l''!ts astly &$**'r'!t u!t$l


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a**a$r $!ol$!/ a s'l*:k!ol'&/' -rou/ht a-out -y a sych$c sy!th's$s o* u!r'lat'&

st$ul$, h$ch $! tur! '!t'rs a ch'$cal roc'ss $th$! th' u!co!sc$ous that *ors

to/'th'r to cr'at' th' '!& ro&uct o* th' !atural 'ss'l or hua! atr$# 2904.

Thoas Ma!!+s Death in Venice $!cororat's th' Myst'r$u (o!$u!ct$o!$s

r'a&$ly throu/h th' co!!'ct$o! o* to u!l$k' charact'rs, that o* th' a/$!/ sch'!-ach a!&

th' you!/ Ta&8$o. W$th$! th' story, Death in Venice, o!' ca! s'' thr'' '#a!&$!/ l''ls

o* th' Myst'r$u (o!$u!ct$o!$s. Th' *$rst l''l $s th' hys$cal or coror'al, th' !'#t $s

th' co!sc$ous or sycholo/$cal, a!& th' *$!al $s th' u!co!sc$ous or th' s$r$tual. ;'a!:

>aul %artr' also allu&'s to th' thr'' &$'!s$o!s o* co!sc$ous!'ss as th' thr'' 'cstat$c

&$'!s$o!s Being and Nothingness 2214. Th$s $s to say, %artr'+s tra!sc'!&'!c' o* th'

charact'r '-o&$'s a r'*l'ct$o!, or s'l*:r'*l'ct$o! that -r$!/s a-out a u!$ty o* -'$!/

&'s$t' th' lack o* *r''&o o!' $/ht hol& o'r o!'+s o! &'st$!y. ?! su, o!' ca!

aly a!& s'' s$$lar$t$'s -'t''! th' ;u!/$a! Myst'r$u (o!$u!ct$o!$s a!& th' '#$l' o*

th' s'l* *ro all thr'' l''ls. Th' co!!'ct$o! -'t''! th' u!$o! o* oos$t's that

cor$s' th' Myst'r$u (o!$u!ct$o!$s a!& th' %artr' &'s$/! o* hua! s'l*:&$sco'ry

'sch's a cl'ar ath toar& o!$!/ o!'+s &'st$!y $! th' *or o* l'asur' a!& a$!. E'!

r'&r$ch N$'t8sch' su//'sts that th' u!$o! o* oos$t's $s a !'c'ssary o''!t toar&

hat h' calls th' h$/h'r !atur' o* hua!k$!&, h'r' to oos$!/ alu's coal'sc' a!&

&r$' th' a!ta/o!$s o* th' hua! co!&$t$o! $! or&'r *or ro/r'ss a!& 'olut$o! to tak'

*or On the Genealogy 2@4. ?! co!t$!ua!c' o* th' a$! $&'a, Thoas Ma!!+s Death in

Venice rocr'at's th$s $&'a $th$! th' u!$o! o* oos$t's Au$t' 'll as '-o&$'& $th$!

th' Myst'r$u (o!$u!ct$o!$s.

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W$th$! th' hys$cal or coror'al l''l o* th' Myst'r$u (o!$u!ct$o!$s ' ca! s''

th' hys$cal or co!cr't' lac''!t o* sch'!-ach $th$! h$s '#$l' *ro h$s lac' o*

r's$&'!cy. Th$s $s to say sch'!-ach $s &$sco!t'!t $th$! h$s hys$cal lac' o* -'$!/

h$ch &r$'s h$ *ro Mu!$ch to C'!$c' 'arly $! th' story. )$s u!r'st $th$! th'

hys$cal -'$!/ ca! -' s''! 'arly $! th' story. )' ha& sou/ht -ut !ot *ou!& r'la#at$o! $!

sl'' thou/h th' 'ar a!& t'ar uo! h$s syst' ha& co' to ak' a &a$ly !a or' a!&

or' $'rat$' a!& !o u!&'rtook a alk, $! th' ho' that a$r a!& '#'rc$s' $/ht s'!&

h$ -ack r'*r'sh'& to a /oo& ''!$!/+s ork Ma!! 34. lthou/h h$s u!r'st s''s

c'r'-ral, h$s hys$cal &$sco!t'!t $th$! h$s lack o* sl'' $!$t$at's hat $ll -'co' h$s

'#o&us *ro th' hys$cal surrou!&$!/s o* Mu!$ch $!to th' u!*a$l$ar, r'*r'sh$!/, a!&

$!$/orat$!/ t'rr$tory o* C'!$c'.

&&$t$o!al hys$cal as'cts o* th' Myst'r$u (o!$u!ct$o!$s that touch th'

charact'r o* sch'!-ach ar' th' u!$o! o* oos$t's -'t''! h'alth a!& s$ck!'ss as 'll

as sac' a!& t$'. )'alth a!& s$ck!'ss ar' th' co!trast o* sch'!-ach+s '#$st'!c' $th$!

th' story that *urth'r '#ac'r-at's h$s l$/ht *or s'l*:k!ol'&/' a!& $llu$!at$o!. W$th$!

th' story, th' oos$t' $' o* h'alth a!& s$ck!'ss s'' to tra!sos' th's'l's uo!

sch'!-ach as 'll as th' story l$!' a!& h$s surrou!&$!/s. sch'!-ach stat's $th$! th'

story, that tra'l $s a !'c'ssary '$l, to -' '!&ur'& !o a!& a/a$! $lly:!$lly *or th' sak'

o* o!'+s h'alth Ma!! 64. &&ly '!ou/h, $t oul& -' h$s tra'l to C'!$c' that oul& -'

h$s ''!tual u!&o$!/ $th r'/ar& to h$s h'alth. )' /o's o! to say that h' y'ar!s to *l''

h$s surrou!&$!/s to &$sta!t sc'!'s h'r' h' ca! o-ta$! th$s r'l'as' *ro th' &a$ly /r$!&

a!& '!t'r th' ass$o! o* $uls' Ma!! 64. Th$s ass$o! o* $uls' $s th' u!ra'l$!/ o*

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h$s hys$cal sc'!'ry a!& u!'$l$!/ o* h$s '!l$/ht'!'!t /or/$!/ h$s $!& $th$! a !'

art$st$c s'l*:k!ol'&/'.

Th' hys$cal s'!s' o* sac' a!& t$' '!t'r th' storyl$!' $th$! th' u!$o! o*

oos$t's, that o* youth a!& a/$!/. sch'!-ach r'$!$sc's $th$! th' story o* h$s r$t$!/

a!& h$s youth, $!&''&, th' !atur' a!& $!ost 'ss'!c' o* th' l$t'rary /$*t ha& -''!, to h$,

th$s 'ry scruulos$ty *or $t h' ha& -r$&l'& a!& t''r'& h$s s'!s$-$l$t$'s, k!o$!/ *ull

'll that *''l$!/ $s ro!' to -' co!t'!t $th 'asy /a$!s a!& -l$th' hal*:'r*'ct$o!s Ma!!

=4. sch'!-ach '#la$!s th$s *urth'r, %o !o, 'rhas, *''l$!/, thus tyra!!$8'&, a'!/'&

$ts'l* -y l'a$!/ h$, r'*us$!/ *ro !o o! to carry a!& $!/ h$s art a!& tak$!/ aay

$th $t all th' 'cstasy h' ha& k!o! $! *or a!& '#r'ss$o! Ma!! =4. Lat'r $! th' story,

h'! h' ''ts th' -oy Ta&8$o, ' s'' th's' l$!'s -y sch'!-ach as hat ay ha' -''!

th' r'lu&' to h$s y'ar!$!/ *or you!/'r &ays, you!/'r a/', a!& a! 'cstasy *ora/'&

throu/h a


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sch'!-ach ca! la!/u$sh $!s$&' h$s u!co!sc$ous tor'!t *or hat h' &'s$r's o* a!& *or

th' '-o&$'!t o* Ta&8$o.

!oth'r '#al' o* th' hys$cal Myst'r$u (o!$u!ct$o!$s l''l o* sac' a!&

t$' $s sch'!-ach+s lu//a/'. )$s lu//a/' sy-ol$8's a hys$cal a!$*'stat$o! o* h$s

u!r'st $th$! h$s lac' o* -'$!/. To t$'s $th$! th' story, h$s lu//a/' $s $slac'& a!&

h' $s *orc'& to r'a$! $th$! th' c$ty o* C'!$c'. W$th$! -oth '$so&'s, h$s s'!sual a!&

s$r$tual sat$s*act$o! *or -'$!/ !'ar Ta&8$o -'co's a r'*l'ct$o! o* h$s ''!tual &'$s'.

)$s lu//a/' $s a hys$cal a!$*'stat$o! o* h$s $ll to r'a$!, althou/h s''$!/ly

u!la!!'&, $t $s 'lco'& a!& acc't'& as *at' *or hat as 'a!t to -' Ma!! 34. ?t

$s !o acc$&'!t that h$s co!u!&ru *or r'a$!$!/ lay $! h$s lost lu//a/', *or $t $s alays

-a//a/' that hol&s o!' -ack *ro th' ursu$t o* ha$!'ss a!& 'sca' *ro th' r''at o*

*a$lur'. ?t s''s that ''! th' lu//a/' $s *or'ar!$!/ sch'!-ach o* h$s ''!tual

&'$s'. )a!!'lor' Mu!&t ot$o!s th' $&'a that l$k' th' lu//a/', h$s


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&'scr$-'& $! o!' assa/' as 'r/$!/ o! th' /rot'sAu', h$l' $! a!oth'r assa/', Ta&8$o $s

a&or!'& *or h$s utt'r -'auty Ma!! 194. Th$s stat' o* a**a$rs *or sch'!-ach -r$!/s h$

to a co!sc$ous!'ss that &'l$-'rat's -oth $th h$s s'!sual a!& lato!$c $'s o* Ta&8$o

th'r'-y r'clu&$!/ a!y r's$sta!c' h' ay ha' ha& to r''l th' t'tat$o! o* ursu$t *or

Ta&8$o. urth'r '!ha!c$!/ th' $&'a o* sch'!-ach+s $sh to 'r/' $th Ta&8$o ca! -'

s''! $! h$s r''at'& $s$ts to th' -ar-'r a!& th' al$cat$o! o* ak'u ask$!/ h$s $&&l'

a/'& *ac', $! '**'ct, try$!/ to 'ulat' th' Ta&8$o h' ca! !''r -'hol&. W$th$! th$s

sycholo/$cal t$st o* *at', ' !o '!t'r th' s'co!& l''l o* th' Myst'r$u

(o!$u!ct$o!$s.

Th' s'co!& l''l o* th' Myst'r$u (o!$u!ct$o!$s $s that o* th' co!sc$ous or

sycholo/$cal. W$th$! th$s l''l, ' *$rst s'' h$s -r'ak $th r'al$ty o! th' arr$al a!&

a'ara!c' o* th' r'&:ha$r'& a! $th$! th' story. Early $! th' story, a r'&:ha$r'& a!

startl's sch'!-ach a!& 'ok's a co!sc$ous!'ss a!& sycholo/$cal h$rl$!& o*

&'scr$t$o! a!& $!t$$&at$o!. sch'!-ach &'scr$-'s th' r'&:ha$r'& a! as &$st$!ctly

'#ot$c, /r$ac$!/ $! $sa/' a!& a sych$cal $!*lu'!c' that ca' to lay Ma!! 54. Th'

r'&:ha$r'& a! h' calls a $l/r$, a stra!/'r that stok's h$s *a!tasy $&'!$!/ h$s

-arr$'rs a!& caus$!/ u!r'st a!& $!ok's $th$! h$ a s'!s' o* lo!/$!/ *or a youth*ul

sc'!' Ma!! 54. Th' r'&:ha$r'& a! ay r'r's'!t to sch'!-ach, hat h' l'ast &'s$r's

$th$! h$s'l*. Th$s $s to say, sch'!-ach ay s'' th' u!attract$' hys$cal a!& sych$c

'l''!ts o* th' r'&:ha$r'& a! as ak$! to h$s'l* a!& $sh's to ut &$sta!c' -'t''!

h$s'l* a!& th' stra!/'r that tau!ts h$ *urth'r -'cko!$!/ h$s '#$l' *ro th' ol& lac' to

th' !' or ol& s'l* to th' !'.

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?! a&&$t$o! to th' sych$c u!$o! o* oos$t's o* th' r'&:ha$r'& a!, ' also s''

th' sycholo/$cal clash$!/ o* &'s$r's sch'!-ach *''ls *or th' you!/ -oy Ta&8$o.

sch'!-ach $s -oth t$t$llat'& a!& r'uls'& -y h$s *''l$!/s *or th' you!/ Ta&8$o. ?!

sol$tu&', sch'!-ach $s $s'ra-l', -ut th' sol$tu&' surs th' lo!/$!/ *or hat $s !ot

acc'ta-l', tol'ra-l' or &'c'!t. )' *urth'r '!t$o!s that, %ol$tu&' /$'s -$rth to th'

or$/$!al $! us, to -'auty u!*a$l$ar a!& 'r$lous to o'try Ma!! 2@4. But $th$! th$s

o'try, th'r' lay so'th$!/ &ark a!& 'ras$', so'th$!/ u!'!t$o!a-l', a!& so'th$!/

sych$cally a-sur&. sch'!-ach '!&s h$s $s$o! o* o't$c $!s$rat$o! -y say$!/, But

also, $t /$'s -$rth to th' oos$t'F to th' 'r'rs', th' $ll$c$t, th' a-sur& Ma!! 2@4.

W$th$! sch'!-ach+s us$!/ o'r o't$c $!s$/ht, h' r'c$$tat's h$s $s's a!& r'clu&'s

a!y a-$l$ty to 'sca' th' y'ar!$!/ $uls's as art or o'try &o's $!&''& $$tat' l$*' $th$!

h$s 'rot$c &r'a. sch'!-ach+s o! soul t'ars asu!&'r as h$s $s$o!s 'scalat' $!s$&' a

r'l'as' o* h$s s$l'!t r'r'ss$o!. E'! C'!$c'+s &'ath /r$ uo! h$ a!& th' &a!/'r o*

&$s'as' *$lt'r throu/h h$s &r'as, too *a$l$ar s'll o* ou!&s, u!cl'a!!'ss, a!&

&$s'as' surrou!&'& h$ Ma!! 664. urth'r &o! th' assa/' o* h$s &r'al$k' stat', h'

$s '!thrall'& -y th' /o&h'a& $th a h$rl$!/ lust cra$!/ all h$s soul to


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succu-s to h$s 'ot$o!s a!& los's h$s 'Au$l$-r$u o* s'!sual$ty a!& oral$ty $th$!

h$s lur$& &r'a $s$o! to 'cl$s' th' a! h' as a!& r'lac' h$ $th a 'r' ath't$c

oy'ur sol$tary a! &'st$!'& *or a o$!tl'ss &'ath 964.

Toar& th' '!& o* h$s '#ot$c a!& 'rot$c &r'a, h' -'co's th' /o&h'a& as th'

stra!/'r /o& as h$s o! Ma!! 6=4. Th$s o''!t o* sch'!-ach to $'rso!at'

a!& '!'lo' th' /o&h'a& $s h$s u!co!sc$ous sr$!/$!/ *orth to sallo th' *or'r

/o&h'a& Ta&8$o a!& assu' Ta&8$o+s lac' as th' '-o&$'!t o* youth a!& $r$l$ty.

Mor'o'r, art a!& o'try ar' 'o'r'& -y th' you!/ -'auty that Ta&8$o r'r's'!ts. ?s

th$s sych$c $!t'rlu&' -'t''! th' a/$!/ sch'!-ach a!& th' youth*ul Ta&8$o lato!$c

)$s &'scr$t$o!s o* Ta&8$o+s /o&l$k' s'r'!$ty h$l' coar$!/ h$ to 'r*'ct$o! s''

to $llustrat' that $t $s lato!$c Ma!! 254. ?t $s !ot u!t$l ' s'' th' $!t'rlac'& or&s o*

hall$c /'stur's that ' -'/$! to $a/$!' a or' s'#ual allur' a!& *asc$!at$o!. !'

'#al' $s th' truth that -'co's aar'!t $th$! sch'!-ach+s h'art as h' $a/$!'s

s'ak$!/ to Ta&8$o. *t'r a -r$'* s$l'!c' $th$! h$s o! $!&, a rush o* r'& a!& *lush o*

*''l$!/ '!t'r h$s -o&y as $* a s'#ual '!cou!t'r. )' *'lt th' ratur' o* h$s -loo&, th'

o$/!a!t l'asur', a!& r'al$8'& that $t as *or Ta&8$o+s sak' th' l'a'tak$!/ ha& -''! so

har& Ma!! 394. W$th$! th$s co!sc$ous sych$c co!!'ct$o! that sch'!-ach -'l$''& h'

ha& $th Ta&8$o, th'r' co!t$!u's a r'lat$o!sh$ that $s a co!t$!ual attract$o! a!& r'uls$o!,

ush a!& ull u u!t$l th' 'ry '!&. Th$s u!$o! o* oos$t's $s or' tha! 'r' strata o*

$s$!t'rr't'& a!& $su!&'rstoo& sych$c $-'s $t $s s'!sual lo'Hhat' a!&'rlust o*

a//r'ss$o! a!& su-$ss$o! to a o&'l stru//l' *or r'&'t$o! a!& s'r'!$ty. Th$s l'a&s to

th' last Myst'r$u (o!$u!ct$o!$s, th' u!co!sc$ous a!& s$r$tual l''l.

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W$th$! th' u!co!sc$ous a!& s$r$tual l''l o* th' Myst'r$u (o!$u!ct$o!$s or

u!$o! o* oos$t's, o!' ca! r'a&$ly s'' th' r$s' o* o!' Go& a!& th' *all o* a!oth'r. ;os'h

(a-'ll r'*'rs to th$s u!$o! o* oos$t's as th' tra!s*'r'!c' o* o!' h'ro $th that o*

a!oth'r $! a! alch'$cal tra!sutat$o! o* charact'r$st$cs that *or/' a!& -r$&/' th' /a

-'t''! ara&$s' a!& th' *all 304. Th$s $s to say, th' r$s' o* o!' h'ro a!& th' *all o*

a!oth'r. ;os'h (a-'ll /o's o! to r'*'r to Thoas Ma!!+s usa/' th'r'$! as th' &oor

o* th' co!c$&'!c' o* oos$t's or th' tra!sutat$o! o* th' 'arthly s'l* $!to that o* th'

s$r$tual s'l* coul'& $th ass$o!, sorro, $ol'!c', a!& lo' 304. Mor' to th' o$!t,

th' to h'ro's o* sch'!-ach a!& Ta&8$o r'r's'!t to s$&'s o* a r$*t, that o* th' olar$ty

o* '#'r$'!c' a!& that o* th' $-ala!c' o* t'oral t$'. urth'ror', th's' to h'ro's

'-o&y hat o!' has a!& th' oth'r lacks. Th$s $s to say, sch'!-ach '!$s$o!s h$s'l*

th' *a$l$!/ h'ro, r'&r$ck, ho *alls $! th' ak' o* h$s a**l$ct$o! *or th' a$! a!&

$!s$rat$o! o* h$s ass$o! Ma!! 104. )' thou/ht o* h$s'l* as, Th' !' ty' o* h'ro,

o!' ho as, Th' co!c't$o! o* a! $!t'll'ctual a!& $r/$!al a!l$!'ss *or ho

cl'!ch'& th' t''th a!& $'rc'& th' s$&' o* a!y &'o! $! &'*$a!c' o* &'*'at Ma!! 114. ?t

as, as h' sa$&, s$r$tu'l a!& rou/ht $th &a!/'r a!& ass$$ty, -'auty a!& tortur', *or

th' ost -'aut$*ul sy-ol h' '!t$o!s $s th' art as a hol' Ma!! 114. Th$s $s to

say, sch'!-ach '!$s$o!'& h$s'l* as th' a/'& a!& '#'r$'!c'& h'ro ho oul& cl$-

th' slo' o* s'l*:k!ol'&/', k!o$!/ h' oul& *all *ro /rac' $! th' '!&. )' 'ry 'll

k!' h$s h'ro$c &''& o* stay$!/ $! C'!$c' oul& a!& coul& 'rhas caus' h$ to *all r'y

to th' chol'r$c s$ck!'ss a!& &$' as so a!y oth'rs ha&, -ut h' stay'& to ursu' that

coul$!/ $th th' oth'r h'ro -oth hys$cally a!& s$r$tually. s such, $! th' oos$t' ol'

o* h'ro$c $a/$!$!/, sch'!-ach sa Ta&8$o as h$s alt'r '/o a!& h$s ''!tual &'$s'.

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)'/'l &'scr$-'s th$s '!& a!& ''!tual &'$s' as th' 'ss'!c' o* ur' co!sc$ous!'ss a!&

th' '!& o* a lo!/ su**'r$!/ *ro th' a!t$th's$s -'t''! uros' a!& $ts r'al$ty toar&

a! 'th$cal su-sta!c' ark'& -y th' *$!al stat' o* ur' co!sc$ous!'ss 2534. Th$s $s to

say, th' '**'ct o* th' coul$!/ o* sch'!-ach a!& Ta&8$o, -oth hys$cal a!& s$r$tual,

-rou/ht a-out a s'!s' o* ur' co!sc$ous!'ss *or sch'!-ach


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B'tt$!a K!a -r$!/s suat$o! to a lo!/:l$'& a!& *a$l$ar arch'ty', that

h$ch sh' calls, th' tra!s*orat$' arch'ty' 1@4. %h' /o's o! to say that $!s$&' th'

sych' th'r' '#$sts a structur', that o* th' u!$o! o* oos$t's that attract a!& r''l 'ach

oth'r *or th' sak' o* r''sta-l$sh$!/ a -ala!c' 154. Th' Myst'r$u (o!$u!ct$o!$s

'-o&$'s th$s u!$o! o* oos$t's $th th' a&&$t$o! o* '#a!s$o! o* th' h'ro arch'ty',

cla$!/ at th' alls o* th' u!co!sc$ous, '!'trat$!/ th' r$or&$al a!& -$rth$!/ throu/h

th' ca!al o* th' hys$cal or coror'al, th' co!sc$ous or sycholo/$cal a!& th' u!co!sc$ous

or s$r$tual. %artr' '!t$o!s th$s art$cular *ul*$ll'!t a!& r'-ala!c' o* th' s'l* a!& soul

as th' o$!t h'r' a! $ll *ul*$ll h$s'l*, !ot $! tur!$!/ toar& h$s'l*, -ut $! s''k$!/

outs$&' o* h$s'l*, a /oal that $s l$-'rat$o! Existentialism 514. Th$s l$-'rat$o! '#$sts

throu/h '#a$!at$o! o* th' $!!'r a!& out'r s'l*, th' !at$' -ou!& a!& th' '#$l'&

Existentialism 514.

7$char& %u// /o's ''! *urth'r -y su//'st$!/ that Ma!! tur!s a ytholo/$cal

th'' $!to a! $!ar&ly /u$&'& assa/' -'t''! oos$t's to th' r'r's'!tat$o! o* th'

sycholo/$cal 'taorhos$s o* a! art$st co$!/ to a! '!&, a *$!al $s$t to a la!& o* !o

r'tur! ==4. %u// r'/ar&s Ma!! as th' cr'ator o* hat l$'s $th$! a!& $thout. Th'

k'y, h' su//'sts, $s th' ro/r'ss$o! that l$'s $! th' str'ss o* th' $!ar&


12/12

Works ($t'&

Bloo, )arol&. Thomas Mann. N' IorkF (h'ls'a )ous', 196. >r$!t.

(a-'ll, ;os'h. The Masks of God: Creative Mythology N' IorkF >'!/u$! Grou,

1991. >r$!t.

)'/'l, G. W. ., a!& . C. M$ll'r. !egel"s #henomenology of $%irit . (a-r$&/'F

(a-r$&/' J>, 200. >r$!t.

;u!/, (. G. The Essential &'ng . E&. !tho!y %torr. >r$!c'to!, N;F >r$!c'to! J>, 193.

>r$!t.

K!a, B'tt$!a L$'-o$t8. Exile and the (riter: Exoteric and Esoteric Ex%eriences : )

&'ngian )%%roach. J!$'rs$ty >ark, >F >'!!syla!$a %tat' J>, 1991. >r$!t.

Ma!!, Thoas. Death in Venice* and $even Other $tories. Tra!s. ). T. Lo':>ort'r. N'

IorkF C$!ta/', 199. >r$!t.

Mu!&t, )a!!'lor'. +nderstanding Thomas Mann. (olu-$a, %(F J!$'rs$ty o* %outh

(arol$!a, 200@. >r$!t.

N$'t8sch', r$'&r$ch. On the Genealogy of Morals. N' Iork, NIF Bar!'s No-l',

2006. >r$!t.

%artr', ;'a!:>aul. Being and Nothingness. N' IorkF Wash$!/to! %Auar', 1956. >r$!t.

:::. Existentialism and !'man Emotions. N' IorkF ($ta&'l, 19=. >r$!t.

%hooka!, Ell$s. Thomas Mann"s Death in Venice: ) Novella and ,ts Critics. 7och'st'r,

NIF (a&'! )ous', 2003. >r$!t.

%u//, 7$char& >. &'ngian -iterary Criticism. Ea!sto!, ?LF North'st'r! J>, 1993.

>r$!t.

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thomas manns death in venice exilic schi(1)

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