thoothukudi draft tsdf pfr - 17.6.15 r3environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/online/... ·...

Pre Feasibility Report for the Proposed CHWTSDF at SIPCOT, Thoothukudi by IWMA

1RamkyEnviroEngineersLimited

Contents

1.0. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 3

1.1. About Thoothukudi ........................................................................................................ 4

1.2. Location of the Project ................................................................................................... 4

1.3. Major Industries located in SIPCOT ............................................................................. 6

2.0. INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT/BACKGROUND INFORMATION .............. 6

2.1. Identification of the project and Project Proponent ....................................................... 7

2.3. Need for the Project and its Importance to the Country and or Region ......................... 8

3.0. PROJECT DESCRIPTION WITH PROCESS DETAILS ............................................ 9

3.1. Type of the Project ......................................................................................................... 9

3.2. Need for the Project ....................................................................................................... 9

3.3. Justification of Project ................................................................................................... 9

3.4. Location of the Project ................................................................................................. 10

3.5. Land Area Breakup ...................................................................................................... 10

3.6. Required Manpower .................................................................................................... 11

3.7. Water Requirement & Waste Water Generation ......................................................... 11

3.8. Power and Fuel Requirement ....................................................................................... 11

3.9. Project Cost .................................................................................................................. 12

3.10. Project Description ...................................................................................................... 12

3.11. Alternate Fuel & Raw Material Facility (AFRF) ......................................................... 25

4.0. SITE ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................ 37

4.1. Site Connectivity ......................................................................................................... 37

4.2. Physiography ............................................................................................................... 37

4.3. Geology ........................................................................................................................ 38

4.4. Soil classification ......................................................................................................... 39

4.5. Meteorological information ......................................................................................... 39

5.0. PLANNING BRIEF ..................................................................................................... 40

6.0. PROPOSED INFRASTRUCTURE ............................................................................. 42

7.0. REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT (R&R PLAN) ................................... 43

8.0. PROJECT SCHEDULE AND COST ESTIMATES ................................................... 43

9.0. ANALYSIS OF PROPOSAL (FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS) ............................. 43



List of Tables Table 1: Land Area Breakup 10

Table 2: Manpower Details 11

Table 3: Water & Wastewater Generation Details 11

Table 4: Power and Fuel Requirement 12

Table 5: Detailed Breakup of Project Cost 12

Table 6: Proposed capacity of the TSDF 13

Table 7: Stabilization Mechanism based on Waste Characteristics 19

List of figures

Figure 1: Location of the Project Site ................................................................................................ 5

Figure 2: 10 km Radius Map ........................................................................................................... 10

Figure 3: Flow Pathway of Wastes .................................................................................................. 15

Figure 4: Landfill Cross Section ........................................................................................................ 22

Figure 5: AFRF Process Flow Chart ............................................................................................... 36



PRE FEASIBILITY REPORT

1.0. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Tamilnadu has seen a steady growth of industries in the recent years. The Government of

Tamilnadu, while positively encouraging the industrial growth, is also conscious about the

environmental considerations of the industries. In view of the same, it had taken steps to

establish Common facilities for treatment and disposal of Hazardous Waste.

During the Budget Session 2014 -2015, the Honorable minister of Industries, has made an

announcement while moving the Demand for Industries Department, on 14-07-2014, that

States Industrial Promotional Corporation of Tamilnadu (SIPCOT), will set up Hazardous

waste treatment and storage facility in an area of 20 acres in Thoothukudi Industrial

complex and Perundurai Industrial Growth Centre vide G.O (D) No: 96, dt 18.07.2014

enclosed in Annexure 1. At present only one site at Gummidipoondi, near Chennai is

available to cater to the needs of entire Tamilnadu. In order to reduce the transportation

cost and also SIPCOT wants to provide it as an infrastructure to facilitate the growth, it

was decided to have two more disposal sites.

As per the instruction of Supreme Court monitoring committee, TNPCB has formed a core

committee to identify a site and service provider to facilitate the Hazardous Waste disposal

in Tamil Nadu, in the year 1996. The core committee has later formed as a special purpose

vehicle designated as Industrial Waste Management Association (IWMA) in 2002. The

organization has already operating a scientific landfill facility in SIPCOT Industrial

Complex, Gummidipoondi, Chennai and is complying with all the statutory requirements

as stipulated by the regulatory authorities in respect of the Air Act, Water Act and

Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 1989. Since the hazardous waste

generated by industries in Tamil Nadu cannot be accommodated at Gummidipoondi alone,

another TSDF has been proposed at SIPCOT, Thoothukudi, which will help in the

disposal of hazardous waste within various industrial premises in and around

Thoothukudi. The facility is located strategically at SIPCOT, Thoothukudi, which is a

major industrialized zone and SIPCOT has provided land for the development of Common

Hazardous Waste Management Facility (CHWMF) as referred in Annexure 1. SIPCOT

has identified IWMA as the nodal agency to establish CHWTSDF at Thoothukudi and to



provide services and operate to that of CHWTSDF, Gummidipoondi. To this effect

SIPCOT has authorized IWMA to obtain necessary environmental clearances as required.

The proposed facility will cater to environmentally and economically sound disposal of

waste generated in this region, minimizing long distance haulage of waste.

As per EIA Notification S.O.No 1533 dated 14th Sep 2006 and its subsequent

amendments the proposed project is falling under Project / Activity 7 (d) Common

Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility (TSDFs), Category “B” (All

facilities having landfill only) and requires environmental clearance from State Level

Expert Appraisal Committee, Tamil Nadu.

1.1. About Thoothukudi

Thoothukudi is known as Thoothukudi. Thoothukudi is a city in Tamilnadu state of

southern India. It is the headquarters of Thoothukudi District. Thoothukudi is surrounded

on the north by the districts of Tirunelveli, Virudhunagar and Ramanathapuram, on the

east and south-east by Gulf of Mannar and on the west and south-west by the district of

Tirunelveli.

Thoothukudi is a main Port city of India. The major harbor of Thoothukudi is well known

as pearl diving, fishing centre and shipbuilding. The city is also known as "Pearl City” and

in regional language known as "Muthu Nagar”. Thoothukudi is famous for pearl fishing,

production of salt, fishing and other related business. Totally 70% salt is manufactured in

Thoothukudi.

1.2. Location of the Project

The Proposed CHWTSDF is located at Survey Nos 269 (Part), 270 & 272 (Part),

Mellavittan Village, SIPCOT Industrial Complex Phase – I, Thoothukudi District, Tamil

Nadu measuring about 20 Acres.



Figure 1: Location of the Project Site



1.3. Major Industries located in SIPCOT

Sterlite Industries [I] Ltd

Kilburn Chemicals Ltd.

KOG - K.T.V. Foods Product (India) Ltd.

Maris Corporation.

Amulya Sea Foods.

2.0. INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT/BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The primary objective of this project is to provide a common facility for the collection,

transportation, treatment and disposal of hazardous waste generated in and around

Thoothukudi. IWMA will identify a suitable service provider for design, finance,

construction & operation of the CHWTSDF. The system so designed is reliable for

present and for the foreseeable future. The overall objective consist the following.

To ensure that the environmental impacts are minimized

To ensure that resource conservation is maximized

To ensure techno-economic feasibility of the project

To enable the TSDF to handle the hazardous wastes in a lawful manner

To prevent accumulation of the hazardous wastes at the facility

To establish an administrative framework and recommend the necessary

infrastructure to ensure proper collection, transport, transit storage, treatment and

disposal of the hazardous wastes

To minimize the health effects associated with hazardous waste handling and

management activities

To ensure the technical reliability of the adopted technology in terms of safety,

flexibility and sustainability under local conditions

To ensure compliance with regulatory requirements at every stage of hazardous

solid waste handling.



2.1. Identification of the project and Project Proponent

In view of increasing industrial activity in the state leading to an increasing industrial

waste load, industries and TNPCB encouraged formation of a special purpose vehicle

designated as IWMA.

IWMA is an umbrella organization of industries generating hazardous waste formed in the

State of Tamil Nadu primarily addresses the issues of hazardous waste disposal. IWMA

has in recent years, facilitated a hazardous waste disposal site in Tamil Nadu for the safe

and secure handling of waste without affecting the environment.

2.2. Scope of the project

Establishment of the facility on Build Own and Operate (BOO) basis by a

competent service provider.

Collection and Transportation of hazardous wastes from the generators facility

to the CHWTSDF duly following the manifest and other regulatory

requirements.

Carrying out comprehensive and finger print analysis of wastes as per

hazardous waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary) Rules, 2008

Disposal of waste in a secured landfill with or without pre-treatment based on

the finger print analysis and waste acceptance criteria.

Collection of user charges from the generator

On-site Environmental Monitoring including emergency procedures

Periodical Reporting to regulatory authorities

Following proper procedures for construction, operation and closure of the

facility.

Undertaking closure and post-closure measures and monitoring on exhaustion

of the site capacity or at the end of project whichever is earlier



2.3. Need for the Project and its Importance to the Country and or Region

There is a growing concern all over the country for the disposal of hazardous wastes

generated from anthropogenic sources. The waste generators find it difficult to dispose

their hazardous wastes without causing environmental disturbance; very few appropriate

disposal facilities are available. The Government of India has promulgated the Hazardous

Waste (Management & Handling) Rules in 1989 through the Ministry of Environment and

Forests (MOEF) under the aegis of Environment (Protection) Act [E(P) Act], 1986. Also

in order to encourage the effective implementation of these rules, the MOEF has further

amended the rules several times.

The hazardous wastes need to be disposed off in a secured manner without causing

significant environmental damage in view of their characteristics such as toxicity,

corrosively, ignitability, reactivity and persistence. The Schedule I and II of Hazardous

Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 1989 and subsequent amendments clearly

identify hazardous waste from processes and concentration based hazardous waste.

Secured landfills may be designed to accept the following hazardous waste;

Wastes which do not exceed biodegradable organics more than 5 % and total

Organic content more than 20% and wastes which do not have calorific values

more than 2500 Kcal/kg.

Sludge from effluent treatment plants

Air pollution control dust and sludge

Incineration residues

Organic chemical residues amenable to stabilization

Oil refinery waste and sludge amenable to stabilization

Pesticide bearing waste amenable to stabilization

Waste from paints and coating industries amenable to stabilization

Waste from pharmaceutical industries amenable to stabilization.

The primary objective of this project is to provide a common landfill facility to cater to the

industrial solid/ hazardous wastes.



3.0. PROJECT DESCRIPTION WITH PROCESS DETAILS

3.1. Type of the Project

The proposed project is a Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, Disposal

Facility (CHWTSDF) located at Mellavittan Village, SIPCOT Industrial Complex

Phase – I, Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, and its neighboring districts for the safe

disposal of hazardous waste.

3.2. Need for the Project

Industrial operations lead to considerable generation of hazardous waste. The major

hazardous waste-generating industries in Tamil Nadu include textile, tannery,

petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, paint and dye, petroleum, fertilizers, asbestos,

caustic soda, inorganic chemicals and general engineering industries. Hazardous wastes

from the industrial sectors mentioned above contain heavy metals, cyanides, pesticides,

complex aromatic compounds (such as PCBs), and other chemicals which are toxic,

flammable, reactive, corrosive or have explosive properties affecting the environment.

Though the CHWTSDF exists at Gummidipoondi, near Chennai and authorized to collect

waste from the entire state of Tamil Nadu, the transportation cost for the disposal of waste

generated from the southern and middle part of the Tamil Nadu is going high and reduce

the risk of transportation. In view of the above and to reduce cost of hazardous waste

transportation and minimize the risk during transportation.

3.3. Justification of Project

The present Hazardous Waste TSDF at Gummidipoondi is catering the needs of all

industries present in Tamilnadu. As per MOEF Technical EIA guidelines manual of

TSDFs there are around 3067 industrial units in the state of Tamilnadu generating around

481760 MTA hazardous waste (land fillable waste 291790 MTA; Incinerable Waste 1173

MTA; Recyclable wastes 168796 MTA), where as the existing secured landfill capacity is

for 100000 MTPA. In order to meet the deficiency for treating the additional land fillable

and recyclable waste, a Common Hazardous Waste Management Facility is proposed in

Thoothukudi district to meet the demand of districts in and around.



3.4. Location of the Project

The proposed project is in 20.00 acres of land located at Mellavittan Village, SIPCOT

Industrial Complex Phase – I, Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu. Site is located at

8°48'45.14"N and 78° 6'4.58"E. Average elevation is 33 ft above MSL. The 10 km radius

is given in Figure 2. The site is connected with excellent network of transportation through

roads connecting National highway (NH 45B at 1.5 km S) and Madurai Bye-Pass Road

(2.5 km - W) and also to Mellavittan Railway station (1.2 km - WSW).

Figure 2: 10 km Radius Map

3.5. Land Area Breakup

The detailed breakup of the land required for various activities are given in Table 1.

Table 1: Land Area Breakup

S.No Utility Area (Sq.m) Area in Percentage

1 Landfill 37979 46.92 %2 Utilities 1850 2.28 %3 Support Infrastructure 900 1.11 %4 Roads and Pathways 12821 15.84 %5 Greenbelt 27387 33.85 %

Total Area 80937 100 %

Pre Feasibility Report for the Proposed CHWTSDF in SIPCOT Thoothukudi by IWMA


3.6. Required Manpower

A detail of the skilled and unskilled manpower for the proposed project during construction

and operational phase is given below in Table 2.

Table 2: Manpower Details

S. No Details Construction Operation Remarks

1 Management /Skilled 5 16 Permanent staff

2 Semi Skilled 20 62

3 Unskilled 35 102 On contract basis

Note: Indirect employment due to the project will be around 50 persons

3.7. Water Requirement & Waste Water Generation

Water requirement for the project will be met SIPCOT. The details of the water requirement

are given in Table 3.

Table 3: Water & Wastewater Generation Details

S. No

Utility Water Requirement in KLD

Waste Water Generation ( KLD)

Method of Waste Water treatment / disposal

Domestic Sewage

Effluent

1 Domestic 5

4.5

-

Sewage Treatment by Septic tank and Soak pit

2 Vehicle wash/ Tyre wash/ Lab

6

-

4

Disposal through solar evaporation pond/forced evaporation and residual salts disposed off to Landfill

3 Landfill operations/ Waste stabilization/ AFRF

-

-

3

Landfill leachate treated by solar evaporation pond/forced evaporation and residual salts disposed off to Landfill

4 Green belt 8 - - Gardening and Landscaping Total 19 4.5 7

3.8. Power and Fuel Requirement

The details of the power required for operation of the facility and fuel required for running

DG sets for emergency use during power failure are given in Table 4.



Table 4: Power and Fuel Requirement

Details Capacity RemarksPower 54 Kw Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution

Corporation (TANGEDCO) DG set 125 KVA DG set is used for emergency power backup,

Fuel will be procured from local dealers Diesel 25 Ltrs/hr Sulphur - content <0.05%

3.9. Project Cost

The detailed breakup of project cost is given below:

Table 5: Detailed Breakup of Project Cost

S.No Description Amount in Lakhs 1 Land cost 150 2 Land development cost 100 3 TSDF components

(Secured Landfill, Stabilization unit, Temporary store, Intractable waste store, Incinerable waste store, AFRF facility, Tyre wash)

2500

4 Transport, Earthmoving and other machinery 250 5 Lab and admin. building, Security, weigh

bridge, sampling bay, Roads drains, Greenbelt and others, etc.

1000

6 Preoperative expenses 100 Total 4100

3.10. Project Description

The proposed TSDF comprises the following components for Hazardous waste treatment and

disposal:-

• Security and reception of waste

• Weigh Bridge

• Analytical Laboratory (Finger Print Analysis)

• Temporary Stores

• Waste Stabilization facilities,

• Intractable stores,

• Landfill – double composite liner system with leachate removal system

Supporting infrastructure like wastewater and leachate treatment plant, transportation system,

workshop for maintenance of plant machinery, automobile maintenance workshop and



electrical maintenance etc. will be provided. Administrative infrastructure with necessary

sanitation facilities for the employees required for operations of the facility shall also be

provided at the facility.

3.10.1. Proposed capacity of the TSDF

The capacity of the proposed Landfill is furnished in Table 6.

Table 6: Proposed capacity of the TSDF

S.No Description Quantity in TPA 1 Direct landfill 30,000 2 Stabilisation followed by Landfill 70,000 3 AFRF 2000

TOTAL 102,000

3.10.2 Hazardous Wastes

The estimated quantity of Industrial Hazardous waste generation in project area is 102000

MTA, including landfillable and waste for alternative fuel recovery and expected to increase

year on year and comprise the fallowing sub categories.

Types of wastes handled:

Inorganic Wastes Metal bearing Sludge

Acid and Alkali

Cyanide Wastes

Ash from waste incineration

Soluble substances

Heavy Metal Sludge and solutions

Asbestos wastes

Other inorganic solid residues

Organic Wastes Halogenated solvents

Non-Halogenated solvent wastes

PCB (Poly chlorinated biphenyls) containing wastes

Paint and resin wastes

Biological Sludge from ETP’s.

Biocide wastes

Soluble Organic substances

Organic chemical residues



High Volume Low Hazard Wastes Drilling muds

Mine tailings

Metaliferous slags

Others The other hazardous wastes generated in the project area are expected to comprise of the following groups:

Discarded containers used for chemicals and hazardous substances

Date expired / off specific /discarded chemicals and products

Miscellaneous waste like used cotton, gloves, gum boots

Contaminated filter / filter bags

Contaminate centrifuge bags

Spent activated carbon and any other waste

Spent catalysts

Process dust

Dust / particulate from exhaust / flue gas treatment

Sulphur sludge

Sludge from solar ponds

Alkaline and acidic and paint sludges

Floor sweeping waste from industries

Spent resins from DM plant

Distillation residue / Tarry Waste

Cooling water sludge

Drum sludge, etc

3.10.3 Waste Disposal Pathways

Based on the above compiled information wastes have been classified by their pathway of

disposal.

Wastes going to direct landfill Wastes that require stabilization prior to landfill Wastes requiring pre-treatment for co-incineration (Alternative Fuel and Raw Material

Facility, AFRF)



Figure 3: Flow Pathway of Wastes

The pathways of the waste at the site is as follows

Comprehensive analysis of the wastes – Laboratory facilities

Decision of waste pathway of treatment/ storage/ disposal

Waste acceptance criteria

Collection and Transportation of wastes.

Waste received at site.

Weighing and recording of waste receipt.

Sample collection (representative)

Storage at the temporary storage area.

Analysis (finger printing)

Waste confirmation

Waste Treatment/ storage/ disposal

AFRF



3.10.4 Laboratory Facilities

A well advanced laboratory shall be established to carry out comprehensive analysis of

hazardous wastes, finger print analysis and Treatability studies to decide on the disposal path

way as per the waste acceptance criteria. Analytical equipment required for comprehensive

analysis of the waste to be performed prior to acceptance of the waste from the generator and

fingerprinting analysis to be performed to confirm the waste will be made available at the

project site.

3.10.5 Collection and Transportation

For collection and Transportation appropriate vehicles as per demand will be provided. Type

of vehicles used will be of relevant capacity (Crane mounted containerized collection and

loading vehicles / covered trucks / trucks having pneumatic loading / unloading

arrangements). Vehicles will also be fitted with GPS monitoring system. The 6 copy manifest

system and TREM card system as per the Hazardous Waste Rules shall be implemented.

Drivers trained on transportation of hazardous substances shall be selected for the purpose

and periodical training on handling of hazardous waste substances will be provided. They

shall be trained in operating the manifest system and management of TREM card system and

also provided specialized training for transportation of hazardous waste as per Motor vehicles

act. As a practice a trained driver and helper will accompany the truck to ensure that the

manifest system and TREM card arrangement are properly maintained. Drivers and helpers

shall be trained to take care of spillages, pollution arising out of emergency and first aid in

case of injuries.

Washing of tanker/ container and disposal of effluent: As explained earlier, each container of

vehicle shall be thoroughly washed prior to being sent to the industry for collection of wastes.

The collected water shall be treated and shall be taken to the leachate treatment facility.

The manifest system shall contain information regarding:

Details of waste generator

Details of waste transporter

Quantitative and qualitative description of waste materials.

Consistency of the waste

Waste category number and characteristics



Precautionary measures for handling the wastes

Emergency procedures to be followed.

The 6 copies of the system shall be distributed as outlined below:

Waste Generator shall retain one copy (1)

Generator to the state PCB. (1)

Operator to transporter (1)

Operator to PCB (1)

Operator to Waste Generator (1)

Operator (1)

All other records in respect of the TSDF operation shall be maintained properly and kept

available to regulators as and when required.

3.10.6 Storages

Temporary Storage Facility will be provided primarily to store the wastes upon receipt at the

facility until its pathway of waste disposal is determined. The temporary waste storage

facility shall keep each shipment of wastes separately and ensure that wastes do not get

mixed with each other. This is to ensure that incompatible wastes are kept segregated.

Compatible wastes that can be mixed with others and those that can be stored in

drums/containers are kept away from incompatible wastes.

Intractable Waste Storage Area that is Waste coming to the TSDF that does not meet the

criteria for landfill disposal or treatment or AFRF would be referred to as intractable wastes.

It is proposed to have a suitable storage area for these categories of waste until alternate

viable treatment technologies are identified and become available.

Proper ventilation shall be provided to prevent accumulation of hazardous gases.

The floor shall be a concrete slab or other impermeable, non-reactive material

properly bunded and graded towards one corner for the collection of accidental

spillage and leakage.

The storage area shall be built not less than 1m above the 1:100 year flood level to

avoid inundation.



Bunding and/or drains shall be provided around the storage area to avoid storm

water entering into this area.

Fire control equipment shall be installed, appropriate to the characteristics of the

waste and as the situation demands.

3.10.7 Waste Disposable Operations

3.10.7.1 Waste Stabilization

Waste stabilization is designed to convert industrial wastes in the form of liquids, semi-solids

or reactive solids into low leachable materials that can be deposited into a secure landfill.

The stabilization operation will be carried out for all waste that requires this to minimize their

contaminant leaching potential. This will change the nature of these wastes to a less

hazardous category. Stabilization involves the immobilization of leachable materials by

fixation as non-reactive solids. The treated wastes shall be assessed for compatibility with

other wastes before being landfill and for compatibility with the HDPE and the pipe network.

The term stabilization covers a number of mechanisms including:

Immobilization / Chemical Fixation – the chemical binding of contaminants

within a cementing structure to reduce the mobility or leachability of the waste.

Encapsulation – the occlusion or entrapment of contaminant particles within a

solid matrix.

Solidification – the conversion of slurries that do not readily de-water, into solids

by addition of adsorption agents.

Typical reagents that would be used for the stabilization process include cement, lime, fly

ash, bentonite clay, saw dust and other. Where required sodium silicate solution would be

used as an additive binding agent. The reagent to be used for stabilization shall be decided

depending upon the type of the waste to be stabilized, price and availability. These regents

shall generally be Stored in sufficient quantities. The Infrastructure proposed for the

stabilization unit would include:

Storage facilities for regents

Tanks/Drums for storage of reagents as required

Stabilization bins for mixing the wastes

Earth moving equipment for movement of wastes and mixing.

Place for curing the treated waste

Trucks for hauling the wastes.



Treatment facility utilizes a range of techniques and processes designed to change the

physical, chemical or biological characteristics of the waste. This may include changing the

composition so as to neutralize the waste, to recover energy or natural resources from the

waste, to render the waste non-hazardous or less hazardous, safer to transport, store, or

dispose off or to reduce its volume. Typical operations at Stabilization unit are as follows:

Reception of Waste

Reagent addition

Mixing

Curing

Analysis of the stabilized wastes

Approval by the laboratory for disposal

Transfer of the waste materials to the truck

Disposal in the secured landfill

Application criteria: A study of the waste characteristics carried out as an integral part of

the project indicates the following applicability to the process described below in Table 7.

Table 7: Stabilization Mechanism based on Waste Characteristics

Mechanism Applicability Immobilization/ Chemical Fixation

Heavy metal and metal plating sludge

Copper-chromium-arsenic wood preservative wastes

Mercury waste

Bag house dust

Tannery wastes

Spent catalysts

Others Solidification Effluent treatment plant sludge

Bitumen wastes

Textile industry sludge

Wool scouring slurries

Others Encapsulation

Aluminum powder

Asbestos

Filer aids

Others



3.10.7.2Guidelines adopted for TSDF Operations

Based on the quantities available the following general information could be inferred:

The following general guidelines shall relate to daily activities associated with the operations

of TSDF:

The facility shall operate only during day light hours throughout the year.

The landfill will be staged in cells so that the minimum practical area of waste is

exposed and maximum practical area of waste has the final cap in place i.e.,

progressive filling and capping of the landfill ensuring minimization of infiltration of

wastes.

The Weigh Bridge at the main entrance will record all movements and weights and

receive waste tracking receipt as required by the waste manifest system.

The standpipe forming part of the leachate collection system shall be checked

regularly for the presence of leachate. Once leachate is detected it shall be regularly

pumped out and transferred to the leachate treatment facility on-site. The level of

leachate in the standpipe shall not be allowed to rise above the level of the leachate

collection system.

Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for every chemical used or handled at the

landfill shall be provided on the premises.

Monitoring and auditing of the facility shall be performed on a periodic basic.

Met-station shall be installed with continuous recording system.

A security system shall be maintained to avoid trespassing & hazard to public.

Once a waste is received at the TSDF, a sample of waste shall be collected, at the

sampling bay/temporary storage facility and shall undergo laboratory analysis based

on which its pathway of treatment/ disposal shall be determined.

A waste manifest system shall be developed in accordance with the requirement of the

regulatory agencies to cover the transportation of the waste to TSDF and to provide

for record of waste manifestation. The manifest system shall include details of the

waste generator, waste transporter, quantity of waste, characteristics of waste,

description, consistency of waste in terms of physical state and waste category

number as per HW (M&H) Rules, 2003.

Each load of waste arriving at the facility shall be located properly and logged to

identify its pathway of treatment/ storage/ disposal.



An inventory shall be maintained at the arrival and departure dates of waste loads in

and out of the intractable waste storage area.

3.10.7.3 Landfill Design

The landfill will be designed and constructed as a secure facility to contain the waste material

and any leachate, which is formed by the entrapped moisture or by infiltration of rainfall. To

meet these requirements the base of the landfill has been designed as an engineered liner

constructed prior to the placement of waste and also an engineered capping over the surface

after completion of filling to minimize the infiltration of rainfall. The cross section of the

landfill meeting MOEF Guidelines is given in Figure 4.

The base liner of the landfill containment system is proposed to be a double composite liner

with synthetic geo-membrane plus clay. Adequate leachate collection system shall be

incorporated at the base to collect and remove the leachate. These shall incorporate HDPE

pipes embedded in drainage layers of sand/ gravel and /or geonet/ geotextile. The composite

liner (Secondary liner) shall comprise of a 0.45 mm thick clay compacted to a permeability

less than 10 –9 m/s and above this shall be a HDPE liner with permeability less than 10 –14 m/s

above which a complete drainage system shall be placed. Above the secondary base liner

shall be placed a primary liner comprising of primarily clay layer and HDPE membrane

which will prevent infiltration into the secondary layer. A leachate collection and removal

system shall also be placed over the primary liner to collect and remove any leachate

generated by infiltration of precipitation or by the moisture entrapped in the waste. This

makes the secondary system to serve as a leak detection system and an early warning of

potential future liabilities to necessitate action for remediation. Above the drainage system of

the primary liner shall be placed a geo-textile filter to act as a filter/ barrier between the waste

and the drainage system. This entire system would make the base liner a double composite

liner meeting the national laws.



Figure 4: Landfill Cross Section

Clay Liner consists of a varying proportions of hydrated aluminum silicates (e.g. kaolnite,

bentonite, illite and montmorillonite) which, when properly compacted, form a soil mass with

a very low hydraulic conductivity. The clay material for use as the liner at this landfill shall

be analyzed and permeability testing shall be carried out to ascertain its low permeability.

Design permeability of the clay liner has been fixed at 10 –09 m/s and with availability of clay

liner; we will be able to achieve better results than the design values. Placement of clay liner

shall be most critical in terms of its efficiency of functioning. Clay should be placed in layers



not exceeding 200-mm and shall be compacted to attain the required permeability. The clay

layer after attaining the 0.45m thickness should be then checked for its permeability. Further

to this, clay shall be kept moist to ensure that it does not dry up and cause cracks to the lining

system. To ensure this we intend to keep the clay for the purpose at +4% wet of optimum

moisture content.

Synthetic Liners consists of various synthetic flexible membrane liners have been

considered for use as the primary liner at the proposed landfill. Both Poly-Vinyl Chloride

(PVC) and High – Density Polyethylene (HDPE) liners are generally suitable for this landfill.

Tensile strength is a fundamental design consideration in order to assess the ability of the

liner to resist uniaxial and biaxial strains, which occurs in the landfill. Another stress strain

consideration is the coefficient of thermal expansion.

Considering various membrane properties it is decided to use HDPE liner with appropriate

thickness as primary liner for the base of the landfill. HDPE was selected for the following

reasons:

Adequate strength to withstand mechanical strength during construction, placement

and operations.

Acceptable weathering performance.

Superior physical properties under chemical and environmental exposure to wastes

Capability to withstand the seaming process.

The hydraulic conductivity of HDPE is of the order of 0.5 * 10 –16 m/sec, which is effectively

impermeable. Construction of the seam welding process shall be subjected to strict QA/QC

measures to ensure the integrity of the liner.

Secure Landfill is the final placement area for land fillable hazardous wastes which are

treated or wastes does not require treatment. Waste directly or after treatment will be

disposed in the landfill as per the laboratory advice. Waste will be spread in the landfill using

heavy earth machinery and then compacted using vibro compactor. At the end of the landfill

operations 10 – 15 cm soil cover is placed as a daily cover.



During rainy season a flexible HDPE sheet cover shall be placed over the uncapped area of

the landfill minimize infiltration of rainfall into the landfill; the rain water shall be diverted to

join the surface water drains. At the end of the total landfill operations the final capping shall

be done using composite liner with clay and synthetic geo-membrane, with vegetative soil

cover grass cover.

3.10.7.4 Leachate Collection/Treatment and Disposal

Leachate collection and removal shall be provided above the geo-membrane in two layers

viz., the primary and the secondary liners. The primary liner shall serve as leachate collection

and removal system, while the secondary liner shall serve as leak detection system and a

signal of potential liabilities in terms of environmental pollution. Leachate shall be collected

by a network of lateral and header pipes embedded in a drainage layer, all of which shall

eventually drain into a leachate collection sump. The collected leachate shall be transferred to

a leachate treatment system.

The leachate collection system in an engineered landfill takes the form of an under-drain

beneath the waste material it is required to ensure there is no more than a limited head of

pressure above the base liner to cause leakage of liquid from the base of the landfill. The

design maximum pressure head in the proposed landfill shall be limited to 300mm.

Drainage is affected by a layer of about 300mm thick of graded sand/gravel having a high

permeability. Within this layer a network of HDPE pipes are placed to collect leachate and

conduct it quickly to the collection sump for removal from landfill. The pipes are typically

perforated only over the upper half to allow the leachate to enter the pipe and thereafter to be

contained within the pipe network system. The layout of the pipe network generally includes

sufficient redundancy to ensure that if a blockage occurs somewhere in the network the

leachate simply backs-up a little then flows into the system a little further up-gradient. Two

layers of the leachate collection system shall be provided one over the other. Slotting area of

the pipe shall be done only on the top 120o portion of the pipe and to an extent of 100 cm2 per

running meter of the pipe.

The key design features of the leachate collection system to be installed at the proposed

landfill comprise the following:



A network of semi perforated HDPE pipes laid out directly over the primary and

secondary liners and graded towards the collection sump at no less that 2% slope,

with a slotting area of 100 cm2 per running meter of the pipe.

A drainage layer 300mm thick of graded sand/gravel placed over the entire base of the

landfill, covering the pipe network.

A geo-textile placed over the primary liner serving the purpose of filter/ barrier

between the waste and the drainage media.

The pipe shall have sufficient strength to withstand the load imposed by the overlying

waste and the earth moving activities associated with the placement and the

compaction of the waste (Min 6 Kg/ Sq.cm).

3.10.7.5 Drainage of Surface Runoff

Network of open channels shall be designed and constructed around the landfill to intercept

surface runoff of rainwater and divert it around the facility and collect it for the use at the

facility or for disposal. Storm water collected on the landfill site will be directed to a first

flush retention pond which shall be designed for a sufficient capacity to cover a 1 in 100

years 10 minutes storm event. In particular the storm water system will be designed and

implemented to prevent surface runoff entering the landfill and thus minimizing the leachate.

3.10.7.6 Wastewater Treatment

Leachate collected from Secured Landfill will be treated in a solar evaporation pond/forced

evaporation. The dry residue from the solar evaporation pond/forced evaporation will be

handled as a solid waste and will be disposed in the landfill. The domestic sewage will be

treated in a septic tank/ soak pit arrangement.

3.11. Alternate Fuel & Raw Material Facility (AFRF)

The disposal of hazardous waste creates major economic and environmental problems. The ideal way of handling and disposal of hazardous waste is to look for options such as reuse, recycle and / or recovery. In line with this concept utilization of hazardous waste as a fuel or raw material in the manufacture of cement is one of the best options. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in the year 2010, issued “Guidelines on Co processing in Cement/Power/Steel Industry” to encourage utilization of selected hazardous waste in cement



kilns as a fuel or raw material while protecting the environment from the control of emissions and without impacting the quality of cement.

3.11.1. Wastes Handling in AFRF

Despite co-processing having inherent advantages, a careful approach is desired in view of

the hazardous nature of the substances that are handled in the process from the point of

i. Selection of right materials

ii. Transportation of waste

iii. On-site storage

iv. Handling & Disposal

v. Emission control

vi. Compliance, Health & Safety management

The hazardous wastes for co-processing need to be handled in an environmentally sound

manner avoiding the possibilities of contaminating the nearby environment and eliminate the

chances of accidents. CPCB has identified and prescribed suitable wastes for co-processing in

cement kilns.

3.11.2. Categories of Wastes Handled

The following are the categories of hazardous wastes / substances for which regular

permission has been granted by CPCB for co-processing in cement industries,

1. Hazardous Wastes

a. Paint sludge from automobile sector

b. Petroleum refining sludge

c. TDI tar waste

d. ETP sludge from M/s BASF India Ltd.

2. Other Wastes

a. Plastic wastes

b. Tyre chips

The hazardous wastes other than which are listed in the above mentioned not recommended

list, should possess the following characteristics as a minimum for co-processing in the

cement kilns.



The hazardous wastes other than which are listed in the above mentioned not recommended

list, should possess the following characteristics as a minimum for co processing in the

cement kilns. Specifications of hazardous waste for use as Alternative Raw Material

I. Specifications of hazardous waste for use as Alternative Raw Material Parameter Limit

II. Specifications of hazardous waste for use Energy Recovery

Parameter Limit Calorific value as received basis > 2500 K Cal /Kg Ash - Liquid < 5% - Solid < 20 % Chloride < 1.5% Sulphur < 1.5% PCB/PCT < 5 ppm Hg < 10 ppm < 50 ppm Cd + Tl + Hg < 100 ppm As + Co + Ni + Se + Te + Sb + Cr + Sn + Pb + V

< 2500 ppm

pH 4 to 12 Viscosity for liquid < 100 cSt Flash point for liquid > 60°C

Certain wastes cannot be processed in cement kilns keeping in the environment, health, safety and operational issues. The wastes listed below are not recommended for co-processing in cement kilns

• Bio-medical waste • Asbestos containing waste • Electronic scrap • Entire batteries

S. No Hazardous Characteristics Limits 1 Volatile organic hydrocarbon < 5000 ppm 2 CaO + SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3

+SO3 (in ash) > 80%

3 Sulphur < 1.5% 4 Hg < 10 ppm 5 As + Co + Ni + Se + Te + Sb + Cr +

Sn + Pb + V < 10000 ppm

6 Total organic carbon < 1000 ppm 7 Chloride < 1.5% 8 PCB/PCT < 5 ppm 9 Cd + Tl + Hg < 100 ppm



• Explosives • Corrosives • Mineral acid wastes • Radioactive wastes • Unsorted municipal garbage

In view of the above potential for reuse of hazardous waste in the cement industry, IWMA envisages to set up Alternate Fuel and Raw Material Facilities (AFRF) at SIPCOT, Thoothukudi.

3.11.3. Methodology of waste handling

The principle concept of AFRF is to pre-process the waste at TSDF to make it directly suitable to utilize in cement kilns either as raw material or fuel. The pre-processing like blending / mixing / calorific value enriching etc., will homogenize the wastes received from different industries and bring the pre-processed waste characteristics in line with concentration limits as prescribed by CPCB. AFR Facility at TSDF shall help the hazardous waste generator in providing one stop solution for all the hazardous wastes generated at their end and at the same time help cement industry in eliminating the transport, pre-processing and other associated activities at their and facilitate both of them to concentrate in their core business of manufacturing activity. The methodology of operations is as follows:

1. Waste Characterization: 2. Waste Transport from HW generator 3. Pre-processing at – AFR Facility 4. Waste Transport to Cement Industry

3.11.3.1 Waste Characterization:

The waste received from the generator shall be subjected to comprehensive analysis as per the Hazardous Waste (Handling, Management &Transboundary) Rules, 2008. The disposal pathway of the waste shall be first looked for the possibility of converting the same to be useful for co-processing otherwise it shall be opted to dispose by means of secured landfill or incineration. The protocol for the comprehensive analysis is presented in the Annexure – II. The following laboratory infrastructure required for the AFR Facility

S.No Parameters Instruments Required for Testing 1 pH pH meter 2 VOC PCB/PCT Gas Chromatograph 3 TOC TOC Analyser 4 CaO, SiO2,Al2O3, Fe2O3, SO3 Inductive Couple Plasma



(in Ash) &Heavy Metals Spectrophotometer / Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

5 Cl& S CHNS & Cl Analyser / Bomb Calorimeter 6 F UV Visible Spectrophotometer 8 CV Bomb calorimeter 9 Ash Muffle furnace, hot air oven 10 Viscosity Viscometer 11 Flash Point Flash Point Analyser

3.11.3.2 Waste Transport from the Generator

The waste shall be collected from the generator (industry) in closed and spillage proof

containers. A label as per the HW Rules (enclosed as Annexure -III) shall be affixed on the

container and transported in the dedicated trucks duly following the 6-copymanifest system

(Manifest form is enclosed as Annexure – IV). The driver also carries the TREM card

(enclosed as Annexure – V) and hands over to the TSD Facility at the time of waste

reception.

Covered, pneumatically operated and dedicated vehicles are used for the transportationof

waste from the generator to TSDF as well as pre-processed waste to cementindustries for co-

processing. Drums are handled using forklift.



3.11.3.3 Finger Print Analysis

The waste suitable for co-processing shall be directed to AFR facility for pre-processing.

Strong oxidizers generally are considered to be incompatible with many organic substances

because of the potential for dangerous reactions. Chlorates, per chlorates and other strong

oxidizers are potentially incompatible with alcohols, halogenated hydrocarbons, other

reactive organic compounds and solvents, and other flammable and combustible wastes. The

potential consequences of mixing such incompatible materials are fire, explosion, or violent

reaction. Compatibility Criteria shall be followed at all stages of operations.

3.11.3.4 Pre Processing of Wastes

The waste shall be received at TSDF and verified for the necessary documents and then the

same shall be weighed at the TSDF and shall be subjected to a quick verification testing

called finger print analysis as per HW Rules. The protocol for the finger analysis is presented

in the Annexure – VI. The waste suitable for co processing shall be directed to AFR facility

for preprocessing.

Strong oxidizers generally are considered to be incompatible with many organic substances

because of the potential for dangerous reactions. Chlorates, perchlorates, and other strong

oxidizers are potentially incompatible with alcohols, halogenated hydrocarbons, other

reactive organic compounds and solvents, and other flammable and combustible wastes. The

potential consequences of mixing such incompatible materials are fire, explosion, or violent

reaction. Compatibility Criteria shall be followed at all stages of operations.

The following chart helps in understanding compatibility between various hazardous

chemicals and compounds



The waste having rich mineral content as per CPCB guidelines with special reference to lime,

silica and alumina shall be checked for other parameters and they will be adjusted to desired

levels as per the possibility and sent to cement industry as an alternative raw material.

The wastes which are principally candidates for incineration shall be checked for calorific

value, halogens, sulphur and other heavy metal content. These wastes are fit for converting

them as alternative energy material for cement industry/other suitable industry. The calorific

value shall be enriched using rice husk /high calorific wastes or lowered by mixing neutral /

low calorific waste materials to make it optimum around 4000 K Cal/ Kg.

There are three types of wastes that are to be processed

i. Solid wastes

ii. Semi-Solid/ Tarry wastes

iii. Liquid wastes

i. Solid Wastes

Based on the characteristics of the potential solid wastes that can be converted as alternate

fuels suitable for co-processing in cement plants are taken into a mixer / blender. A solid

blend is prepared by adding some additives to adjust all relevant parameters.



The first step of preparing solid blend is selection of wastes suitable for mixing / blending.

The segregation of waste according to their pH & calorific value helps in it. Source materials

for solid substitute fuel include Paint Sludge, Oily Filter Cake, Spent Carbon, Organic waste,

Tarry waste, Biomass, Resin, Distillation Residues, Grease etc. Assortment of waste is done

according compatibility criteria. A general waste selection criteria for high calorific value

fuel is Low moisture content, high LOI & TOC, high calorific value, good compressibility,

less ash content, nontoxic, less pollutant, sustainable combustion.

After selection the waste is mixed with binders. Some common binders which can be used for

blending are rice husk, press mud, bagasse, saw dust, scrape of coconut, coal dust, lime,

silicates, epoxy resins, fly ash etc. Binders should have following properties are Easily

available, Cheap in cost, Produce strong final agglomerates, permanently bond particles,

withstand the rigors of storage, handling, packaging & shipping.

The addition of strength increasing additives such as latex, pulp from the pulp & paper

industries, paper, cardboard, acrylic copolymers, starch, starch derivatives, vinyl derivatives,

cellulose, cellulose derivatives, peat moss etc. plasticizers to improve the adherence &

plasticity; inorganic components like bentonite or other types of clay, and cement are optional

components to provide different characteristics to the blended product. Final pre-processed

waste mix may contain 90% of waste and 10% binders



Typically mechanical mixer or a solid material blender shall be used for mixing / blending

the waste. In general incinerable wastes are received in drums, containers and occasionally in

bags or bulk. A Cart Dumper shall be used for loading of the waste into the blender which is

placed at elevated location. The outlet of the blender shall be opened into a container placed

below the blender.



The laboratory advises the type of wastes that can be mixed and / or various reagents /

additives that are required to be added to make final blend to get the prescribed standards for

co-processing in cement plants.

Samples shall be taken after the blending process and subjected for confirmation from the lab

as per acceptability criteria otherwise the process will be continued to fine tune to get the

whole matrix reaches to the acceptable criteria. Then the waste will be unloaded, packed and

sent to cement plants.

ii. Liquid Wastes

In general liquid wastes are received in drums or tankers. The wastes after necessary pre

quality check (FPA), they will be stored in the day tanks as per their compatibility. The

suitable and compatible wastes are taken into a reaction vessel (typically 5 KL capacity) and

necessary fine tuning will be done for achieving necessary characteristics as desired for the

co-processing requirements for cement plants.

The reaction vessel is a jacketed vessel equipped with necessary blending arrangements for

mixing and homogenization of various reagents and wastes. It is also equipped with cooling

system in order to balance any small degree of exothermic reactions.



iii. Semisolid / Tarry Wastes

Certain wastes are neither liquids nor solids but they are in semisolid state. We in general call

them as sludge. Based on the viscosity of the waste, we can categorise them as free flowing,

sludge, heavy sludge etc. In addition certain wastes are tarry or sticky in nature and

sometimes it is difficult to remove from the drum.

Semisolid wastes are handled in two ways depending on the physical characteristics and

viscosity.

a. The wastes which are free flowing or pump able in nature are processed as per

liquid type wastes

b. The wastes which are heavy sludge, sticky or tarry type wastes are processed as per

solid type wastes.

A flow chart showing the processes involved for all three types of wastes suitable for Co

processing is given below:



Figure 5: AFRF Process Flow Chart



3.11.3.5 Waste Storages

The wastes are stored prior to and after processing in well ventilated sheds as per incinerable

waste storage guidelines prescribed by CPCB. Automatic sprinklers, alarms / hooters, fire

extinguishers, fire hydrant system will be provided in all the incinerable waste storage sheds

3.11.4 Waste Transport to Cement Industry

The waste after necessary blending or preprocessing the same shall be checked for all the

parameters as per the CPCB guidelines and transported through manifest system to cement

plants for co processing.

4.0. SITE ANALYSIS

4.1. Site Connectivity

The proposed TSDF site is well connected with excellent network of transportation thorough

roads connecting National highway (NH 45B at 1.5 km S) and Madurai Bye-Pass Road (2.5

km - W) also to Mellavittan Railway station (1.2 km - WSW) and the nearest airport is

Thoothukudi (12.6 Km –SW).

4.2. Physiography

The predominant geomorphic units identified in the district are 1) Fluvial, 2) Marine, 3)

Fluvio-marine, 4) Aeolian and 5) Erosional landforms depending on the environment of

formation. Taruvaikulam-Thoothukudi surface, Kulattur surface, Vaippar surface,

Nagalapuram-Vedanattham surface and Volinokkam-Vembar surface are some of the

erosional geomorphic units in the northern part of the district. Karamaniyar surface,

Tambraparni surface, Tiruchendur-Kayalpattinam surface and Vallanadu surface are the

geomorphic units in the southern part of the district. Geomorphologically, the study area

forms part of Taruvaikulam Thoothukudi surface. The predominant physical feature over

major part of the study area is the coastal plain with moderately undulating uplands in the

western part. Korampallam Odai running west-southeast, feeding Korampallam Tank and

ultimately joining Gulf of Mannar is the major stream in the study area. The highest elevation

of 55 m above mean sea level is observed near Ottapidaram in the northwestern part of the

study area. Lowest elevation is 0 m on Gulf of Mannar near Thoothukudi in the eastern part



of the study area. The general slope in the study area is towards east. The topography of the

proposed project site is gently sloping plain with elevation ranging from 27 m to 35 m above

mean sea level.

4.3. Geology

4.3.1General Geology

Rock types in Thoothukudi district belong to the Khondalite and Charnockite groups and

Migmatite Complex of Eastern Ghats Supergroup (Archaean age), which are unconformably

overlain by Tertiary and Quarternary sediments.

Archaeans

Garnet-biotite-sillimanite gneiss, quartzite, calc-granulite and limestone of Khondalite Group

with epidiorite, occurring as narrow linear bands. Charnockite Group is represented by acid

variants. These rock types occur as xenoliths within the Migmatite Complex. The Migmatite

Complex occupies a major part of the area, comprising medium grained hornblende-biotite

gneiss and garnet-biotite gneiss. Grey and pink granite represent the last phase of granitic

activity and occur as concordant intrusive bodies. The rocks are crystalline and metamorphic

and finely foliated with general NW-SE trend. The dip amount varies from 35˚ to 75˚ towards

southwest. The charnockite and gneissic rocks crop out in the west and northwest part of the

district. Pink granite, quartzite and pegmatite occur as veins in some part of the district.

Tertiary (Mio-pliocene)

The Tertiary formation of Thoothukudi district occurs as marine sandstone and shell

limestone or fossiliferous limestone. The rocks are fine to medium grained, grey to white in

colour. The rock occurs at Pannamparai as hard and compact formation and dips 10˚ - 20˚

towards SW. The Tertiary sedimentary formation overlies the crystalline Archaean complex

with marked unconformity. The rocks are fine to medium grained and limestone are

fossiliferous with shell of gastropods and pelecypods. The thickness of strata varies from 2 m

to 18 m. The formation extends in the northwest to southeast direction and dipping southeast

direction with 10˚ - 20˚. The exposures of calcareous sandstone are seen at Vembar,

Shunmugapuram, Mellavittanof Valiathikulum taluk and Kurumbur, Kayamoli, Ammapuram

and Nangamoli taluk. This formation is named after the prominent occurrence at



Pannamparai as Pannamparai sandstone. The Pannamparai sandstone is considered equivalent

to that of Cuddalore sandstone.

Quarternary Recent and Sub-recent Sediments (Holocene to Recent)

The Recent and the Sub-recent sediments are classified as Thoothukudi, Kulathoor, Vaipar,

Vembar stages. Further the Recent and Sub-recent sediments can be classified as coastal

sedimentary sands, red soil and calcareous sandstone with shell fragments, kankar, laterite

and red terries, river alluvium and clay soil. The Coastal Sedimentary Zone The zone

includes loose unconsolidated coarse grained calcareous sediments exposed in southwest,

central and southern part of the district. The width of the bed varies from place to place in the

southwestern parts of the district.

4.4. Soil classification

The major soil types found in the district include montmorillonitic, Vertisols, Alfisols,

Inceptisols and kaolinitic. Deep fine, montmorillonitic, vertisols occupies a major area of

1,14,817.11 ha.

4.5. Meteorological information

Temperature

The winter season starts from the December and continues till the end of February. During

this season, maximum temperature is observed at 31.0°C in the month of February and the

minimum temperature at 19.4°C is observed in the month of January. Both the day and night

temperatures increase rapidly during the onset of summer season from March to May. During

summer the maximum temperature is observed at 38.3°C (May) with the minimum

temperature at 21.9°C (March). The maximum temperatures during pre-monsoon season is

observed in the month of June at 38.2°C and mean minimum temperature is observed in the

month of July at 23.5oC.

Relative Humidity

The relative humidity values at 0830 hr and 1730 hr are ranging from 52%-80%.



Atmospheric Pressure

It can be seen from the data that not many variations are observed in the average atmospheric

pressure levels. The pressure levels are found to be fairly constant over the region.

Rainfall

The annual mean rainfall observed based on the 10 years IMD data is 625.8 mm.

Thoothukudi comes under low rainfall region. South west monsoon accounts for 9%, north

east monsoon for 65%, winter being 9% and summer being 17% of total rainfall.

Thoothukudi depends mainly on north east monsoon rains, which are brought by the troughs

of low pressure developing in south Bay of Bengal between October and December.

5.0. PLANNING BRIEF

Population and the distance of the populated areas from the sites should be considered for

evaluating the sites. For this reason the populations of villages within 10 km radius and

their distances from the site have to be considered.

While Transportation, the collection personnel shall wear gloves, masks, rubber gum boots

while unloading the same PPE shall be used. While loading the wastes into incinerators, the

staff shall wear helmet, goggles, masks, asbestos temperature resistant gloves, and boots.

While segregation, they shall ensure protection from needle pricking and shall use hard

gloves. Any needle stick injury shall be attended to immediately; they shall thoroughly wash

the injured area using soap/ detergent and then apply disinfectant to the area. Further to this

they shall get checked up for infections. Health check-up and vaccinations will be done as per

standard prescribed by health department and records maintained.

Land Use Planning

The detailed breakup of the land required for various activities are given below



Land Use Breakup

S.No Utility Area (Sq.m) Area in Percentage

1 Landfill 37979 46.92 %2 Utilities 1850 2.28 %3 Support Infrastructure 900 1.11 %4 Roads and Pathways 12821 15.84 %5 Greenbelt 27387 33.85 %

Total Area 80937 100 %

Manpower Planning

A detail of the skilled and unskilled manpower for the proposed project during construction

and operational phase is given below.

Manpower Details

S. No Details Construction Operation Remarks

1 Management /Skilled 5 16 Permanent staff

2 Semi Skilled 20 62

3 Unskilled 35 102 On contract basis

Note: Indirect employment due to the project will be around 50 persons

Amenities/Facilities

The facility would require the following utilities for its routine operations

Electricity : 54 KW

Captive Generation (DG Set) : 125 KVA (Stand-by only)

Telephone : 3 Lines (DoT)

Mobile Connections : 4 Lines

Water : 19 KLD

Laboratory : for analysis of waste

Weigh Bridge : For weighing of waste.

Transportation : 3 pneumatically operated covered trucks

Earth moving equipment : JCB, Excavator Dozer, Compactor

Fuel : Diesel 100 – 150 L/day (approx.)

Canteen : Adequate for staff requirements



6.0. PROPOSED INFRASTRUCTURE

Infrastructure and Capex for Setting up AFRF

The following are the infrastructure required for setting up the AFRF facility.

S. No Infrastructure details Units / Area 1. Waste transport equipment PLT 10 / PLT 15 – hook loaders 2 Nos. Body vehicles for drum loading 2 Nos Tanker – 5 Kl capacity 1 No.

2. Waste handling Fork lift 1No Internal waste shifting tippers 2 Nos

3. Waste Storage Facilities Storage shed – bulk solid waste 500 sq.m Storage shed – drum storage 1000 sq.m

4. Laboratory Equipment List as above Sampling equipment Lab equipment for CA and FPA Equipment to carry out trials for arriving

appropriate recipe for preparing

Infrastructure details 1. Blender with Cart Dumper 1 No. 2. Reaction Vessel with limpet coil, agitator and

cooling system 1 No

3. Liquid Storage Tanks – 20 Kl 2 Nos 4. Liquid Storage Tanks – 50 Kl 1 No 5. Motors and Transfer pumps 4 + 4 6. Other equipment – cables, piping, panels Lot 7. Civil works, Erection & Commissioning Lot 8. Shed for Process equipment and reagent stores 250 sq.m



7.0. REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT (R&R PLAN)

No Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R Plan) is required because the proposed site is

located inside the notified SIPCOT industrial area.

8.0. PROJECT SCHEDULE AND COST ESTIMATES

Financial projections for the proposed project intended by the Company have been worked

out and given below.

Cost Estimates of the project

S.No Description Amount in Lakhs 1 Land cost 150 2 Land development cost 100 3 TSDF components

(SLF, Stabilization unit, Temp. store, Intractable waste store, Incinerable waste store, AFRF facility, Tyre wash)

2500

4 Transport, Earthmoving and other machinery 250 5 Lab and admin. bldg., Security, weigh bridge,

sampling bay, Roads drains, Green Belt and others etc.

1000

6 Preoperative expenses 100 Total 4100

9.0. ANALYSIS OF PROPOSAL (FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS)

The land area of 20 acres for the proposed project is adequate exclusively for the waste

generated in and around the project area. The location of the project is within the SIPCOT

industrial area and complying to the CPCB site selection criteria for developing CHWTSDF,

hence will not pose any social or other issues.

The Project is also envisaged to set up AFR Facility so that the incinerable waste can be

preprocessed and sent to cement plants for co-incineration. The project is economically and

technically viable because this project helps the industrial waste generators in and around

Thoothukudi in reducing their waste transportation cost. At the same time the Project also

envisages the subsidies from the Central and State Government for developing common

TSDFs.



Project Benefits

From the proposed project the major benefits, include improving the degraded environment by establishing an Integrated Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities.

The proposed project facilitates better management of the industrial wastes. It will be the showcase for other states for management of hazardous waste with

additional benefit of green and clean Environment. It minimizes the pollution load on environment from industrial hazardous waste Compliance with prescribed regulatory norms which in turn avert the risk of closure

on account of violation of rules It reduces the number of hazardous waste dump sites in the area and also eliminates

the pollution potential The management of wastes is relatively easier & economically viable at common

facility. Cost of environmental monitoring is less at common facility Reduced environmental liability due to captive storage of hazardous waste in the

premises of industries Better occupational health and safety at individual industry level Prevention of natural resource contamination thereby improving overall

environmental status of the region



Annexure - 2

WASTE ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

Leachate Quality * Concentration

pH 4 – 12 Total Phenols < 100 mg/l Arsenic < 1 mg/l Lead < 2 mg/l Cadmium < 0.2 mg/l Chromium-VI < 0.5 mg/l Copper < 10 mg/l Nickel < 3 mg/l Mercury < 0.1 mg/l Zinc < 10 mg/l Fluoride < 50 mg/l Ammonia < 1,000 mg/l Cyanide < 2 mg/l Nitrate < 30 mg/l Adsorbable organic bound Chlorine < 3 mg/l Water soluble compounds except salts < 10% Calorific value < 2500 K.Cal/kg

Strength

Transversal strength (Vane Testing) > 25 KN/m2 Unconfined Compression Test >50 KN/m2 Axial Deformation < 20 %

Degree of Mineralization or Content of Organic Materials (Original Sample)

Annealing loss of the dry residue at 550°C

< 20% by weight (for non-biodegradable waste)

< 5% by weight (for biodegradable waste)

Extractible Lipophilic contents (Oil & Grease)

< 4% by weight

* Leachate quality is based on Water Leach Test



Leachate Disposal Standards

S.No. Parameter Standards (mg/l) Inland Surface STP CETP

(See note) Marine Coastal Areas

Additional Parameters Recommended

1. Adsorbable Organic Halogens (AOX)

0.50 - - 0.50

2. Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) (each)

0.059 - - 0.059

3. Benzene 0.14 - - 0.14 4. Toluene 0.08 - - 0.08 5. Xylene (sum of o, m,

p-xylene) 0.32 - - 0.32

Note:

1. In addition to the above, General Standards for discharge of environment pollutants

Part-A: Effluents notified, vide G.S. R. 422 (E), dated 19.5.1993 and published in the

Gazette No. 174, dated 19.5.1993 under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, and

rules made thereunder, shall also be applicable for disposal of leachate into sewage

treatment plant, common effluent treatment plant, Inland surface water bodies or

coastal areas.

2. For each CETP and its constituent units, the SPCB/PCC shall prescribe standards as

per the local needs and conditions; these can be more stringent than those prescribed

above. However, in case of clusters of units, the SPCB/PCC may prescribe suitable

limits.

3. Leachates having high COD shall be concentrated through evaporation (forced) and

fed to the incinerator of the integrated TSDF in view of its high calorific value, and

the residue ash shall be disposed off in their secured landfill.

4. The Bioassay test shall be substituted by ‘Fish Toxicity’ test, and a dilution factor of 2

(two) may be considered.



Annexure - 3

COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS REQUIREMENTS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES –

GENERATOR /TSDF OPERATOR

Method of Analysis Comprehensive Analysis to be submitted by the Generators of Hazardous Wastes

Physical Analysis Physical State of the waste (liquid / slurry / sludge / Semi-solid / solid: inorganic, organic, metallic)

Description of different phases of the wastes (in cases of solid wastes slurries and sludge) contained in aqueous / non-aqueous liquids / solutions

Colour and Texture

Whether the waste is multi-layered (Yes/No)? If yes, quantify each layer

Specific Gravity

Viscosity

Calorific Value

USEPA, SW-846; Method 1010 and 1020 Flash Point

% Moisture content loss on ignition at 105˚C

% Organic content loss on ignition at 550 ˚C

USEPA, SW-846; Method 9095 Paint Filter Liquid Test (PFLT)

Chemical Analysis

USEPA, SW-846; Methods 9040, 9041 and 9045

pH


Inorganic Parameters Analysis

USEPA; SW-846; Vol. 1C Part II; Test Method to determine HCN released from Wastes

Reactive Cyanide (ppm)




USEPA; SW-846; Vol. 1C Part II; Test Method to determine H2S released from wastes

Reactive Sulfide (ppm)

USEPA; SW-846; 9010, 9011, 9012 Sulphur (elemental)

USEPA; SW-846; Vol. 1A, 1B, 1C and Vol. 2 Concentration of In-organics [as per Schedule 2 of HW (M&H) Rules, 1989, as amended].

Organic Parameters Analysis Oil & Grease

Extractable Organic (in special cases only)

% Carbon

% Nitrogen

% Sulphur

% Hydrogen

USEPA; SW-846; Vol. 1A, 1B, 1C and Vol. 2 Concentration of individual organics [as per Schedule 2 of HW (M&H) Rules, 1989, as amended]

USEPA; SW-846; Method 1311, 1330 Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (For the parameters identified in Section 2, Annexure -III and the listed parameters as presented in Method 1311 of SW 846; USEPA)



Annexure - 4

FINGERPRINT ANALYSIS REQUIREMENTS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES - TSDF

Method of Analysis Fingerprint Analysis by the Operators of TSD Facilities

Physical Analysis Physical State of the waste (liquid/slurry/sludge/semi-solid/solid: inorganic/organic/metallic)

Identification of different phases of the wastes (in cases of solid wastes contained in aqueous/non-aqueous liquids/solutions for slurries and sludge)

Colour & Textures

Whether the waste is multi-layered (yes/no)? If yes, quantify each layer

Specific Gravity

Viscosity

USEPA, SW-846; Method 1010 and 1020 Flash Point

Loss on ignition at 105˚ C

Loss on ignition at 650˚ C

USEPA, SW-846; Method 9095 Paint Filter Liquid Test (PFLT)

USEPA, SW-846; Method 9096 Liquid Release Test (LRT)

Chemical Analysis

USEPA, SW-846; Method 9040, 9041 and 9045 pH

USEPA, SW-846; Vol. 1C Part II; Test Method to determine HCN released from Wastes

Reactive Cyanide (ppm)

USEPA, SW-846; Vol. 1C Part II; Test Method to determine H2S released from Wastes

Reactive Sulfide (ppm)

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