Terms for Thoracic Imaging ..Unifying the

language.Part I

Dr/Ahmed BahnassyConsultant Radiologist –RMH.

MBCHB-MD-FRCR.

Members of the Fleischner Society compiled a glossary of terms for thoracic imaging that replaces previous glossaries

published in 1984 and 1996 for thoracic radiography and computed tomography (CT), respectively.

bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis is irreversible

localized or diffuse bronchial dilatation,

usually resulting from chronic infection,

proximal airway obstruction, or

congenital bronchial abnormality

signet ring sign

This finding is composed of a ring-shaped opacity representing a dilated

bronchus in cross section and a smaller adjacent opacity representing its pulmonary artery, with the combination resembling a signet (or pearl) ring

bronchocele

A bronchocele is bronchial

dilatation due to retained secretions

(mucoid impaction) usually caused by

proximal obstruction, either congenital

(eg, bronchial atresia) or acquired (eg,

obstructing cancer)

bronchocentricThis descriptor is applied todisease that is conspicuously

centered on macroscopic bronchovascular bundles

Examples of diseases witha bronchocentric distribution

include :

sarcoidosis , Kaposi sarcoma ,

and organizing pneumonia .

bulla Airspace measuring more than 1 cm—usually

several centimeters— in diameter, sharply

demarcated by a thin wall that is no greater

than 1 mm in thickness. A bulla is usually

accompanied by emphysematous

changes in the adjacent lung.

cavity

A cavity is

a gas-filled space, seen as a lucency or low-attenuation area, within pulmonary

consolidation, a mass, or a nodule

centrilobular emphysema

Centrilobular emphysema

is characterized by :destroyed centrilobular

alveolar walls and enlargement

of respiratory bronchioles and associated

alveoli

cyst

A cyst is any

round circumscribed

space that is surrounded by an

epithelial or fibrous wall of variable thickness

mycetoma

A mycetoma is a discrete mass of intertwined

hyphae, usually of an Aspergillus species,

matted together by mucus, fibrin, and

cellular debris colonizing a cavity, usually from

prior fibrocavitary disease (eg,

tuberculosis or sarcoidosis)

tree-in-bud pattern

The tree-in-bud pattern represents

centrilobular branching structures that resemble a budding tree.

The pattern reflects a spectrum of endo- and

peribronchiolar disorders, including mucoid impaction, inflammation, and/or fibrosis