threat detection … · threat detection by x- operators manual search ... homemade electronic...

Threat Detection by X- Operators

Manual Search

FACT: You can only recognise what you

have seen and learned.

Recognit ion of X-rayed objects is a very complex

process, but essentially it means to compare

visually acquired information with object

representat ions stored in one’s visual memory.

To increase probability of threat detection during

manual search one needs to be familiar with the

threat objects, their shape, texture, weight and visual

appearance.

FACT: Familiarisation with threat objects is

essential for maximising threat detection.

www.renful.co.uk

www.simulants.co.uk

Churchill House

137 Brent Street

London

NW4 4DJ

Tel: +44 (0) 208 457 9111

Fax: +44 (0) 208 457 9222

Email: [email protected]

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It is significant for operators of Explosives Detect ion

Systems (EDS) and Trace Detect ion Systems (TDS) to

become familiar with the specific X-ray transmission

propert ies of the explosives, including Z effect ive (Zeff)

and CT number, otherwise at the crucial moment they

won’t be able to identify the threats, potentially

endangering human lives.

Training with Simulants

Renful Premier Technologies has understood the need

for proper training and test ing of security staff involved

in threat detect ion. We have developed all the

necessary training tools to enable staff to be better

equipped and more motivated in carrying out their

dut ies. Please read on to f ind out detailed information

about different types of simulants and training kits we

can offer.

The importance of conduct ing drills has also been

addressed by Renful through the creat ion of an unique

range of test ing tools which can be either acquired or

rented.

As an expert on detect ion systems, Renful has

compiled a list of simulants, which were categorised

into the following groups:

Research indicates that to increase the rate of

detect ion and identify explosives and IED’s using

senses of sight (general appearance, colour) and touch

(texture, weight per volume) it is essential to provide

security agents with the opportunity of experiencing

explosive simulants that replicate actual explosives as

closely as possible, as part of their training. • High Quality Explosive Simulants

• Training & Testing Kits

• Renful Drill Accessories

How do they work?

� Eliminate the safety problems associated with the

use of real explosives

� Were developed precisely in order to enable

opt imal training efficiency

� Replicate characterist ics such as colour, texture,

molecular weight, dielectric constant

� Ensure truly effect ive training of security

manpower, as well as precise calibrat ion that

takes into consideration key operat ional

parameters

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All our simulants are:

Explosive Simulants and Related IED

Components

Similarly, operators of technological detect ion

systems learn how explosives look on their screen.

Due to the accurate replicat ion of X-ray transmission,

including Zeff and CT propert ies, the simulants

would appear as the actual explosive material.

Non-hazardous and non-toxic

All are synthetic materials for training purposes

Contain no explosive or narcot ic elements

Are fully inert

By seeing the colour, feeling the texture and weight

per volume and becoming familiar with their

appearance, security staff will be able to immediately

and easily identify actual explosives if and when they

do encounter them.

The contribut ion of the simulated IEDs (Improvised

Explosive Devices) to training effect iveness is also

vital, as they enable to teach trainees about the

items terrorists are likely to use and the methods of

concealment of explosive materials they may

employ, while also allowing them to learn about the

various components of the explosive device – thus

facilitat ing identif ication.

In order to maintain a high level of training

effectiveness, it is crucial to expose the trainees to

training aids that are as similar as possible to "the

real thing".

The proprietary simulants are ideally suited to serve

as training aids, as they represent the materials they

replicate to an unparalleled degree. Their uniquely

close resemblance allows trainees to experience the

materials they are called upon to detect – using both

their senses of sight and touch.

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High-quality explosive simulants eliminate the safety

problems associated with the use of real explosives in

training security staff.

Renful has complemented this range with related

explosive device components such as simulated

detonators and detonating cord.

Simulated Detonators:

Properties:

� Aluminium / Cardboard / Copper sleeve

� X-ray and Z effective compatibility

� Pyrotechnic or electric ignition

� Inert electric match head

Electric aluminium

detonator

Electric cardboard

detonator

Optional:

� 1 to 3 meters electric wires

� Electric wires in black, red, blue, green and

yellow colors

� Electric match head septum in various

colors

Electric copper

detonator

Detonating Cord Simulant:

Properties:

� Visual

� Tactile

� Accurate CT#

� Z effective

� Density 0.35-0.55 g/cm3

� Color: Red, Green, Black, Yellow

� Length up to 30 cm

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T.N.T Explosive Simulants:

Properties:

� Visual, tactile, CT, Z effective

� Density and colour compatibility

� Paper wax package

� Detonator housing

� Trace detection compatibility of relevant

channels in accordance with real properties

� TNT Flakes

Optional:

Plastic Explosive Simulants:

Properties:



Optional:

� Trace detection compatibility of RDX and

PETN channels in accordance with real

properties

C-4

Semtex H

Semtex 1A

Semtex 10

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Detonation Sheet Simulants:

Properties:


� Thickness 2 – 12 mm

� Colours: white, gray, black, olive green,

pink, red, and blue

Optional:

� Trace detection compatibility of RDX and

PETN channels in accordance with real

properties for trace detectors and K9

Gun Cotton Simulant:

Properties:



Optional:

� Trace detection compatibility

for trace detectors and K9

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Drug Simulants:

Pure Heroin Simulant Persian Cocain Simulant

Properties:

Optional:

� Visual

� Tactile

� Z effective

ANFO Simulant:

Properties:





Black Powder Simulant:



Properties:

Optional:



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Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) Simulant: Properties:

Optional:





Triacetone Triperoxide Simulant (TATP):

Properties:



Optional:



RDX Powder Simulant:

Properties:



Optional:



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Liquid Explosive Simulants Family:

� PLX

� Hydrogen Peroxide (70%)

� Astrolite A

� Astrolite G

� Nitroglycerine

� Tovex Water Gel

� Aluminised Tovex Water Gel (Tovex 200)

Nitroglycerine Explosive Simulants:

Properties:



Optional:



Astrolite A, G Explosive Simulants:

Astrolite A Astrolite G

Properties:



Optional:



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PLX Explosive Simulant:



Properties:

Optional:



Water Gel Explosive Simulants:

Properties:



Optional:



� Density adjustments from 1.05 1.35 g/cm3

Tovex 200 Tovex 10

Training & Testing Kits

� 36 samples of explosives (each packed into a

transparent plast ic box, with individual insert cards

containing technical data)

� Samples show the colour and texture of a wide

range of Military, Commercial and Home Made

explosives

� The kit is packed in a briefcase with a chart of

items fixed to the lid

Explosives Identification Training Kit

Military Explosives:

� GUN COTTON

� PICRIC ACID

� CAST TNT

� FLAKE TNT

� RDX COMPOSITION B

� TETRAZENE

� HMX

� TETRYL

� PETN

� COMPOSITION 3

� PE 808

� PE4

� SX-2

� COMPOSITION 4

Industrial Explosives:

� SEMTEX-H

� SEMTEX-10

� PLASTIC D1

� SEMTEX-1A PLASTIC

� FULMINATE OF MERCURY

� LEAD AZIDE

� TNRS

� DDNP

� BLACK POWDER

� STRAIGHT DYNAMITE

� AMMONIA DYNAMITE

� GELATINE DYNAMITE

� AMMONIA GELATINE DYNAMITE

� DYNAMITE POWDER

� SLURRIES & EMULSIONS

� TNT BASED POWDER

� GRISUTINE

Home Made Explosives:

� ANS CO-OP

� ANFO

� ANNIE

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X-Ray Training & Testing Kit

(Modular Bomb Kit)

� Different types of power source, as follows: 4 X

1.5 volt battery pack, 9 volt alkaline, 9 volt zinc

carbon, 12 volt battery lithium.

� Different types of mechanisms that provide

feedback when activated (light, sound etc, to

mark the “explosion”). The mechanisms are as

follows: clockwork countdown timer, electronic

countdown timer, homemade electronic timer,

barometric switch, light-sensitive booby-trap, tilt

or trembler booby-trap, anti-opening device.

� In addition, we have simulated explosives (RDX

and/ or Semtex) as follows: simulated explosive

without detonator, simulated explosive with side-

mounted detonator, simulated explosive and

mounted detonator.

� Simulated plastic explosive sheets that provide

real X-ray signature of explosives. They are as

follows: K1 – 5mm thick, weight 110 gms; K2 –

10mm thick – 220gms; K3 – 15mm thick – 400

gms. Total weight: 730gms.

� Copper electric delay detonator, similar to those

used in real events throughout Europe.

� Consists of a hard-sided suitcase that contains

the components necessary to construct a range

of simulated bombs

� Bombs can be built by an instructor using

a variety of components and methods

� All items are accurate in appearance and

give an accurate X-ray signature

� Helps with identifying both entire

bombs and separate components

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Anti-Handling Booby-Trap Kit

� This kit includes seven individual booby-trap

components.

� Each box is identical, and the only external sign

is the small arming hole on one side of the box. A

common type arming pin is housed inside the

boxes which use finger tight fixing screws, and

all have hinged type lids.

� All devices use common 9 volt PP3 type batteries

which can be easily replaced, and all devices use

a piezo type buzzer to indicate operation.

The boxes are all marked externally with a

numerical reference, indicating the following

contents:

� Light sensitive device

� Microswitch – pressure off

� Tilt switch

� Vibration Sensor

� Anti-Tamper Breakwire

� Electro-Magnetic Proximity Switch

� Microswitch-Anti-Lift

� Simulated Plastic Explosive with aluminium

detonator

� Simulated Plastic Explosive with copper

detonator

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Postal Devices Kit

� Includes parcels, envelopes, tube, padded bag &

video cassette cases with typical suspicious

features.

� All items are contained in a briefcase for

packing/ storage.

� All items are addressed and stamped with a

variety of different markings, both British and

international.

� Items can be purpose addressed, and marked

and stamped with specific country destination if

details and samples are provided.

Kit contents are as follows:

� PARCEL WITH TYPICAL SUSPICIOUS FEATURES

� ACTUAL TYPE - NEO-NAZI - LETTER

� ACTUAL TYPE - AL HAYATT - LETTER

� ACTUAL TYPE - MARDI-GRA - VIDEO CASSETTE BOX

� ENVELOPE TYPE - COIN CELL BATTERIES – DL

ENVELOPE

� POSTAL TUBE DEVICE WITH THEATRICAL MAROONS

� VIDEO CASSETTE BOX FITTED WITH PHOTO-DIODE

DEVICE

� NON-EXPLOSIVE - INCENDIARY DEVICE - PADDED BAG

� NON-EXPLOSIVE - RAZOR BLADES – DL ENVELOPE

� SET OF A3 DATA SHEETS

� BRIEFCASE FOR PACKING/STORAGE

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Drugs Identification Kit

� The kit consists of 29 simulated drug samples,

designed for visual identification purposes.

� Each is packed into a small, transparent plastic

box with insert card with technical details and

description.

� Three boards, showing the paraphernalia

associated with drug use are also included in the

kit.

� Each board has a protective clear cover. The kit is

packed into a briefcase with a contents list and

colour identification chart.

Simulants:

� COCAINE

� CRACK COCAINE

� AMPHETAMINE

� SUPER AMPHETAMINE

� DMT

� ICE

� ECSTASY

� 4MTA

� DOB

Hallucinogens:

� FLY AGARIC MUSHROOM

� LIBERTY CAP MUSHROOM

� MAGIC MUSHROOM

� LSD (TABS)

� LSD (GELS, MICRODOTS

AND TABLETS)

� MARIJUANA

� HASHISH

� CANNABIS OIL

� SKUNK MARIJUANA

Opiates:

� OPIUM

� MORPHINE

� WHITE HEROIN

� BROWN HEROIN

� PINK HEROIN

� DIAMORPHINE

Depressants:

� TEMAZEPAM

� KETAMINE

� BARBITURATES

� METHAQUALONE

Other Drugs:

� GHB

� AMYL NITRATE

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Extensive Explosive Identification and

X-Ray Training Kit

� Electric Detonators (aluminum, copper and

cardboard)

� Non Electric Detonators (aluminum, copper

and cardboard)

� C4 Simulant (IMC)

� Semtex H Simulant (IMC)

� 6 mm Sheet Simulant (IMC)

� TNT Bulk Simulant (IMC)

� NG Liquid (IMC)

� NG Dynamite (IMC)

� TATP (Vial)

� ANFO (vial)

� Smokeless Powder (vial)

� Black Powder (vial)

� Different Batteries

� Electric Circuits*

Liquid Explosives Kit

� Nitroglycerine

� Astrolite G

� Hydrogen Peroxide

� PLX

� EGDN

� Nitromethane

� NG Dynamite

� Water Gel Tovex 200

� Water Gel Tovex

* International mass criteria

16

Plastic Explosives Training Kit

� Semtex A Simulant (IMC)

� Semtex H Simulant (IMC)

� Semtex 10 Simulant (IMC)

� RDX powder Simulant

� Plastic Explosives Binder Simulant

� C4 Simulant (IMC)

� Sheet Explosive 4mm gray colour (IMC)

� Sheet Explosive 5mm red colour (IMC)

� Sheet Explosive 8mm olive green colour

(IMC)

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Improvised Explosives Kit

� Improvised Deta Sheet

� TATP

� Chlorate

� AN Mixture

� Black Powder

� Fertilizer Mixture I

� Fertilizer Mixture II

� Mercury fulminate

� Lead azid

� Improvised Detonator

� Improvised Detonator

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The STP - (Standard Test Piece) is

manufactured to the U.K. Home Office,

Department of Environment, Department

for Transport and regional specifications, for

use in support of the UK Transport Security

Programme.

The STP unit also fully complies with

regulations set by the European Civil

Aviation Conference and can be used within

European Union countries.

The units comply fully with the requirements

for the routine testing of X-ray screening

equipment. The units weigh approx 4 kilos

and are supplied inside a special black plastic

attaché case.

STP Kit

Concealed IED’s Kit

� Drinking Can

� Shaving Machine

� DVD Package

� Softdrink Bottle

� Flashlight

� Hair Dryer

� Folder

Coming soon!

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Drill Accessories

Renful has been constantly developing new high

level training products. We offer concealed items

IED’s – state of the art drill accessories for training

and test ing X-ray security personnel.

All Renful Drill Accessories consist of high

performance explosive simulants which are

compatible with detect ion technologies and allow

management to test and evaluate the performance

level of security staff.

Customers can design their own drill accessories

and receive a product suitable for their own

requirements.

Renful also provides a unique service of drill

accessories on lease basis, where a library of

IED’s is available to the customer.

� Leather Shoes

� 5 mm D.S Simulant

� Cardboard detonator

� IMC

� Trace Detect ion

Compatibility available

� C4 Simulant,

� cardboard detonator

� IMC

� 5mm D.S Simulant

� Aluminum detonator

� Manual switch

� IMC

PAIR OF SHOES

IRON

LAPTOP COMPUTER

CAN

� NG Simulant

� Aluminum detonator

� Magnetic switch

� IMC

20

Renful Premier Technologies can also offer:

Simfox - the most advanced training and

test ing simulator for X-ray currently available

on the market, suitable for training new and

experienced staff in order to enhance their

detect ion skills.

Trefox meets the urgent requirement for

high-quality training for newly-recruited

security X-ray screeners. It is designed to

provide basic X-ray training to new recruits

with no previous experience of working in an

X-ray operat ion.

Pre-M is designed for the pre-select ion of

suitable X-ray operators, by means of

exposure to interact ive tests meant to assess

their cognit ive abilit ies and personality

traits. There are currently 9 different tests

which will assist in the select ion of

candidates under a variety of criteria.

AVSEC School (AVIATION SECURITY

SCHOOL) is a security training e-learning

portal designed for organisations to facilitate

the selection, training and testing of

employees in a flexible manner. For more

information please visit:

www.avsecschool.com

PostalDevice.com and X-rayscreener.com are

designed to promote understanding of the

threat posed by postal devices respect ively

to increase the security awareness of all

personnel involved in X-ray screening.

www.postaldevice.com

www.x-rayscreener.com

Security Multimedia CBT

S.T.O.P. POSTAL DEVICES COMPUTER

BASED TRAINING PROGRAMME

S.TO.P. Postal Devices is an educational

multimedia training programme using

photographic images, video, audio, text and

animation to increase the security awareness of

personnel in the workplace.

S.T.O.P. PASSPORT COMPUTER


S.T.O.P. Passport is a comprehensive multimedia

training programme, on the subject of Passport

Forgery, that uses digital images, video, audio and

animation to describe sound techniques for

identifying forgery and counterfeiting; as well as

face recognition techniques for the identification

of the impostor (a person using the genuine,

unaltered documentation of a person who looks

similar to him/her).

S.T.O.P. CARGO SECURITY, LEVEL 4

TRAINING PROGRAMME

The program covers all areas of the DfT,

Government approved Level 4 course. It is

designed to address the growing demand

for training courses in air cargo security, as

the cargo sector becomes an increasingly

attractive target for terrorist attacks.

S.T.O.P. TERRORISM COMPUTER


S.T.O.P. TERRORISM is an educational multimedia

training programme that uses digital images, video,

audio, text and animation to promote understanding

and heighten awareness of the threat posed by

terrorism.

The programme examines terrorist motivations,

ideologies, tactics, targeting, and weapons

capabilities - including the new threats posed by

Cyberterrorism; and Chemical, Biological and

Radiological weapons.

21

22

Churchill House

137 Brent Street

London

NW4 4DJ

Tel: +44 (0) 208 457 9111

Fax: +44 (0) 208 457 9222

Email: [email protected]

www.simulants.co.uk

www.renful.co.uk

Contact us:

threat detection … · threat detection by x- operators manual search ... homemade electronic...

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