three worlds meet cultural diffusion, spread of christianity, demise of indigenous population &...
TRANSCRIPT
Three Worlds Meet
Cultural diffusion, spread of Christianity, demise of
indigenous population & Columbian exchange
Colonization in North America
• Reformation in Europe• England—Puritans flee to the New
World to practice freedom of religion• Jamestown—established by a joint-
stock company – investors pool their wealth for a common purpose
• Dealings with Native Americans
Colonization in North America
• France in the New World– Claim territory from Quebec all the way
to New Orleans• How do they get all the way down to New
Orleans?– They will follow the beaver.
– Fur Trade
• Relationship with Native Americans
Colonization in North America
• Spain in the New World– Controlled Florida, Mexico, & Central
America
• Conversion of Native Americans (indigenous population)
Big Question:
Why did these European countries
stay and create colonies in the
Americas?
MercantilismAn economic practice adopted by European colonial powers in an effort to become self-sufficient—only reason for colonies to exist is to benefit the mother [colonizing] country.
Hernando CortésHernando CortésHernando CortésHernando Cortés
First Spanish Conquests: The First Spanish Conquests: The AztecsAztecs
Cortes conquered Aztec Empire in 1521
and took control of modern day Mexico.
Montezuma IIMontezuma IIMontezuma IIMontezuma II
vs.vs.vs.vs.
Francisco PizarroFrancisco PizarroFrancisco PizarroFrancisco Pizarro
First Spanish Conquests: The First Spanish Conquests: The IncasIncas
Pizarro conquered Incan Empire in modern day Peru in 1532
AtahualpaAtahualpaAtahualpaAtahualpa
vs.vs.vs.vs.
Spain Expands Its Influence
• Marriage between Spaniards and native women created a mestizo population
• Impose Spanish culture• Catholic Priests are brought along.• Conquistadors vs. Native Americans
– Different views on land ownership– Encomienda-a grant of land made
by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it.
– Lead to oppression
Spanish Colonial Class System
The transfer of goods involved 4 continents, Americas, Europe,
Asia and Africa
Columbian ExchangeOld World to New
World– European diseases—
smallpox – Steel technology over stone– Cannon and firearms– HORSES– Lack of unity– Cattle [pigs, sheep, chicken]
Columbian ExchangeNew World to Old
World– Syphillis– Tomato (Italy)– Red Pepper (Italy & China)– Potato (Northern Europe)– Sugar– Cacao– Corn – Tobacco
What does all this mean???
Before Columbian Exchange
• Europeans were unaware that civilizations existed to the West.
• Trade routes—between Europe, Asia and Africa
After Columbian Exchange
• Establish a new trade system--mercantilism
• Items that were coming over to the Old World were not mentioned in the Bible.
• When and where did civilizations develop?
• Were Adam & Eve the first?
Impact of the Columbian Exchange
• European migration to the Americas wiped out the indigenous population– Directly & Indirectly
• As a result, there is a shortage of labor to grow cash crops—Who do the Europeans turn to next?
SLAVE LABOR
Triangular Trade
Americas to
Europe
Europe to Africa
Africa to
Americas
Middle Passage
SlaveryAfrican Slavery
• Existed in Africa for many years
• When Islam spread, slavery increased
• Race was not a factor
Slavery in the Americas• As the indigenous
population dies, the increase of slaves rises
• Based on race• Hereditary
Middle Passage• The part of the triangular
trade which brought Africans to the Americas
• Europeans had trade posts along the west coast of Africa
• In exchange for slaves, the Europeans gave Africans gold, guns and other goods.
http://10.135.3.241/SAFARI/montage/play.php?keyindex=211&location=local
Let’s watch a short clip on the Middle Passage
The Effects of European
Colonization on the Americas
Europeans R.A.C.E.D. to conquer the Americas
Conquistadors conquer Latin America
Rigid class system and dictatorial rule in Latin America
Africans brought to America as slaves
Brought across on the Middle Passage. The cargo hold of a slave ship would be packed tight as traders would try to maximize their profit. Conditions were hot, cramped and horrific.
Colonies imitate culture of parent country
Which European culture spread the most?
Europeans immigrate to Americas
As a result of discovery of the New World, Europeans will begin to migrate to the Americas and live in the New World
Diseases kill Native Americans
Although Native Americans died from wars with Europeans, the MAJORITY died from diseases carried by Europeans, such as smallpox.
The Four Major European Players
Spain: Caribbean, Latin America
Portugal: Brazil
France: Quebec
England: North America