throwing athlete
DESCRIPTION
Throwing mechanics and associated upper extremity pathologiesTRANSCRIPT
The Throwing AthleteThe Throwing Athlete
Prevention & Care of Prevention & Care of Athletic InjuriesAthletic Injuries
KNR 199KNR 199
Throwing MotionThrowing Motion
Includes:Includes:– Wind-upWind-up– Early cockingEarly cocking– Late cockingLate cocking– AccelerationAcceleration– Deceleration & follow throughDeceleration & follow through
Wind-UpWind-Up
Establishes rhythmEstablishes rhythm
Positions segments Positions segments of body to contribute of body to contribute to forward to forward propulsion of ballpropulsion of ball
Early CockingEarly Cocking
ShoulderShoulder– 90º abduction 90º abduction
(ABD)(ABD)– 30º horizontal ABD30º horizontal ABD– 90-120º ER90-120º ER
Elbow 90º flexionElbow 90º flexion
Wrist neutralWrist neutral
Late CockingLate Cocking
Trunk rotates forwardTrunk rotates forwardScapula retractsScapula retractsShoulderShoulder– 90º ABD90º ABD– Neutral horizontal ABDNeutral horizontal ABD– 160º ER160º ERElbow 90º flexionElbow 90º flexionWrist slightly extendedWrist slightly extendedLead leg rotated toward Lead leg rotated toward targettarget
AccelerationAcceleration
Scapula protractsScapula protracts
ShoulderShoulder– Internally rotatesInternally rotates– Horizontally Horizontally
adductsadducts
Elbow extendsElbow extends
Forearm pronatesForearm pronates
Wrist flexesWrist flexes
AccelerationAcceleration
Occurs in 0.05 secondsOccurs in 0.05 seconds
Peak angular velocityPeak angular velocity– Shoulder: 6000º/secShoulder: 6000º/sec– Elbow: 2300-4500º/secElbow: 2300-4500º/sec
Deceleration & Follow Deceleration & Follow ThroughThrough
Shoulder continues to IR & horiz Shoulder continues to IR & horiz ADDADD
Elbow flexesElbow flexes
Body moves forwardBody moves forward
Warning Signs: Upper Warning Signs: Upper ExtremityExtremity
Contralateral Contralateral elbow is used elbow is used as “sight”as “sight”
Throwing arm Throwing arm trails trails
Werner et al, 2001Werner et al, 2001
Warning Signs: Lower Warning Signs: Lower ExtremityExtremity
Decreased torso & hip Decreased torso & hip rotation ROMrotation ROM
Decreased trunk & hip Decreased trunk & hip rotation strengthrotation strength
Throwing Athletes ROMThrowing Athletes ROM
Total Arc of MotionTotal Arc of Motion
Healthy throwers have Healthy throwers have 180°180° 180º
ER IR
Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD)Deficit (GIRD)
Difference in internal rotation of Difference in internal rotation of dominant arm compared to non-dominant arm compared to non-dominant armdominant arm
Humeral RetroversionHumeral Retroversion
Adaptive change of bony architectureAdaptive change of bony architecture
– Acute angle in medial & posterior Acute angle in medial & posterior direction between axis of elbow joint & direction between axis of elbow joint & axis through center of humeral headaxis through center of humeral head
Pieper, 1998
Doyle & Burks, 1998
Soft-Tissue AdaptationsSoft-Tissue Adaptations
Tight posterior IGHLTight posterior IGHL– Shift in GH contact point Shift in GH contact point
Additional ResourcesAdditional Resources
http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oegAQ9__a2gv=oegAQ9__a2g
http://video.google.com/videoplay?http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2324033820881485235&q=pitdocid=2324033820881485235&q=pitching+mechanicsching+mechanics
http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjVbEPfQKagv=XjVbEPfQKag