thunderstorms
DESCRIPTION
Thunderstorms. At any one time, nearly 2,000 thunderstorms are occurring around the world. The three conditions necessary for a thunderstorm to form are: 1) lots of moisture in the lower atmosphere 2) The now warmer air begins to rise 3) the atmosphere must be unstable. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Thunderstorms
1. At any one time, nearly 2,000 thunderstorms are occurring around the world.
2. The three conditions necessary for a thunderstorm to form are: 1) lots of moisture in the lower atmosphere 2) The now warmer air begins to rise 3) the atmosphere must be unstable
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3. There are air mass thunderstorms that form due to differences in air masses.
4. Frontal thunderstorms form by an advancing cold front usually.
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Stages of a Thunderstorm
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Stages of thunderstorm development
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13.2-Severe Weather
6. A supercell is a self-sustaining, extremely powerful storm that has intense, rotating updrafts.
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Mammantus
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7. Lightening is electricity caused by the rapid rush of air in a cumulonimbus cloud.
8. When lightening occurs, the air expands out rapidly, causing the sound of thunder.
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9. A downburst is a violent damaging thunderstorm wind concentrated in a local area.
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Downburst
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Hail10. Hail is precipitation in the form of balls or
lumps of ice. They form in severe storms. Indicator of tornadoes!
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Hail formation
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11. A tornado is a violent, rotating column of air in contact with the ground.
12. A change in wind speed and direction cause wind shear which creates a horizontal rotation. When it’s close enough to an updraft, it becomes vertical and thus a tornado.
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Anatomy of a tornado
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First photographed tornado- 1884
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Salt Lake City Tornado
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A dual funnel tornado
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14. Weak tornadoes (F0-F1) make up 80% of all tornadoes. Last 1-10 minutes. On ground up to 3 miles. Wind speeds- 60-115 mph
15. Strong ones (F2-F3) make up 19%. Last up to 20 min. On ground up to 15 mi. Winds- 110-205 mph
16. Violent ones (F4-F5) make up only 1%. Last up to 1 hour. On ground up to
50 mi. Winds- over 200!
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Hook Echo
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Wind shear & Hook Echo
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April 3-4, 1974 Tornado Outbreak
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Waterspout
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Three Waterspouts!
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Tornado Alley!
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18. More than 700 tornadoes occur each year in the U.S.
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Tornadoes & Hurricanes
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13.3 Tropical Storms1. A tropical cyclone is a large, rotating, low-
pressure storm formed over warm, ocean water in the summer or fall.
2. Our storms form off the coast of Africa near the equator and move west/northwest.
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Hurricane formation
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3. A tropical depression is an organized system of clouds and thunderstorms with a defined surface circulation and maximum sustained winds of 38 mph or less.
4. A tropical storm has maximum sustained winds of 39-73 mph.
5. A hurricane is an intense tropical weather system of strong thunderstorms with a well-defined surface circulation and maximum sustained winds of 74 mph or higher.
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Saffir-Simpson Scale
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25. Some famous hurricanes to strike NC are: Hugo (1989), Fran (1996), Floyd (1999), Isabel (2003)
26. Record hurricanes in the US: Andrew (1992), Katrina (2005)
27. The 2005 hurricane season set new records with 28 storms. With only 24 names, the last 4 storms were given letters (Alpha, Beta, etc.) Fifteen of these became hurricanes, seven were major hurricanes, with five that were category fours and four became category fives!!
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• A hurricane watch is issued when hurricane conditions are possible within 36 hours. Begin family's disaster plan, needed supplies, evacuation routes, etc.
• A hurricane warning is issued when hurricane force winds are expected within 24 hours. Complete planning process and prepare for the storm.
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Hurricane Isabel (infrared)
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Isabel Radar
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Inland during a hurricane, it’s the rainfall that does the most damage!
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Flooding from Isabel
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Overwash from Isabel
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Fran approaching …
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Infrared Image of Floyd
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Hurricane Wilma
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August 1995 Satellite image
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Storm Surge
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Katrina and Sea Surface Temperatures
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Saffir-Simpson