Steven Martinez

Matthew Notta

Bradlee Burnham

-History of Tidal Energy-

• 787: simple technique of a waterwheel by the Spanish, French, and British

• 1966: “La Rance” tidal power plant went in operation.

• 2001: British Parliament states “the world can no longer neglect the massive potential of wave and tidal energy”

• 2002-present: Large investments in research and prototypes spark proposals in Turkey, China, and United States; among others

-History of Wave Energy-• 1799: First patent of a device designed to

use ocean waves to generate power

• 1910: First oscillating water column was built by Bochaux-Praceique to power his house

• 1940s: Yoshio Masuda experimented with many concepts of wave power

• 2004: Wave power was delivered to an electrical grid for the first time

-Tidal Stream Generators-

• Very close in concept to traditional windmills

• Most popular prototype on the market

• Prototype sites include Norway, England, and New York.– In 2007 8 prototype turbines where placed in the

East River between Queens and Roosevelt Island.

• It is the first major tidal power project in the USA• Powers 1/3 of a parking garage and a supermarket

-SeaGen-

• World’s first large scale commercial tidal stream generator.

• First one was installed in the Strangford Narrows (Ireland)

• Generates 1.2MW between 18-20 hours a day

• Blades span 16 meters in diameter

•http://www.energysavers. gov/renewable_energy/ocean/index.cfm/mytopic=50009

-Barrage Tidal Power: Rance Power Station-

• Located on Rance River, France

• 750 meters long

• 24 Turbines

• Capacity of 240MW

• Annual output of 600GWh

• Supplies 0.012% of Frances power supply.

• Opened 1966

•http://www.energysavers. gov/renewable_energy/ocean/index.cfm/mytopic=50009

-Calculations: Tidal Stream Generators-

P = the power generated (in watts)

ξ = the turbine efficiency

ρ = the density of the water (seawater is 1025 kg/m³)

A = the sweep area of the turbine (in m²)

V = the velocity of the flow

*Power equation is based on the kinetic energy of the moving water*

-Calculation: Barrage Tidal Power-

• E = energy• ρ = the density of the water (seawater is 1025

kg/m³) • A = horizontal area of the barrage basin • G = Gravity (9.81m/s2)• H = Vertical Tide Range

* The potential energy available from a barrage is dependent on * the volume of water.

-Environmental Impact-

• Mortality rates of fish swimming threw the turbine is around 15%

• Sonic guidance to get fish to avoid the turbine

• Placement of barrage turbines into estuaries can change entire ecosystems

• Alters flow of saltwater possibly changing hydrology & salinity

• Sediment movement also can effect the ecosystem

-Comparison to Wind Energy-

• Tidal Stream generators draw energy in the same basic way wind turbines do

• Higher density of water allows a single generator to provide significantly more power

• Water speeds of nearly 1/10 the speed of wind can provide the same energy output

• Current in water is much more reliable then wind in the air.

-Economics of Tidal Power-

• The cost of building a Tidal Power plant can have a high capital cost.

• UK: $15 Billion• 8000MW

• Philippines: $3 Billion• 2200MW

• Operating costs are low and usually come from maintenance

-What You Can Do-• In the Amazon helical turbine technology

are being used to generate small scale electricity for rural communities.

• rural residents are dispersed and cannot be reached economically by power lines from central generators.

• The only decentralized options available to them now are: solar panels and diesel generation.

Configuration:• The helical turbine rotates on a shaft with a pulley

that runs an alternator by means of a belt.• The alternator charges batteries

-Amazon Project-

(b) Pulley and belt

(a) 6-blade helical turbine(c) Automotive alternator

www.globalcoral.org/UNCSD%20SUMMARY.ppt

-Amazon Project-• Energy production: 120 A-h/day

• 8 solar panels (75 Wp), installed: US$ 5690

• Tide-Energy generating station: US$ 2800

• Numbers on: Annual operating costs (120 A-h/day)*– 1000 VA diesel generator: US$ 1397– Tide-Energy generating station: US$ 824

* Includes fuel, labor, maintenance, and depreciation

• For a single Tide-Energy generating station:

– Annual Receipts (charging 5 batteries/day) 1750

– Costs (labor, maintenance, and depreciation) 824

– Profit US$ 926

-Wave Power-• Salter’s Duck design

• Could stop 90% of wave motion and could convert 90% of that to electricity

• Shut down because of an error in calculating the cost, which wasn’t discovered until 2008, and the program had been shut down in 1982

-How it Works-• The “duck” device bobs back and forth as waves

pass, this motion moves a pendulum that is connected to a generator that produces electricity

http://www.permaculture.org.au/images/ocean_power_salters_duck.gif

-Some Companies-

• Some companies designing mechanisms – Wavegen

» Limpet– Ocean Power Delivery

» Pelamis tube– Renewable Energy Holdings

» CETO– Oyster Wave Energy devices

-Advantages and Disadvantages-

• Advantages– The energy is free – no fuel needed, no waste

produced– Not expensive to operate and maintain– Can produce a great deal of energy

• Disadvantages– Depends on the waves – sometimes you’ll get

loads of energy, sometimes almost nothing– Needs a suitable site, where waves are

consistently strong– Some designs are noisy. But then again, so are

waves, so any noise is unlikely to be a problem– Must be able to withstand

-Environmental Impact-

– Noise pollution– Displace productive fishing sites– Change the pattern of beach sand

nourishment– Alter food chains and disrupt migration

patterns– Offshore devices will displace bottom-

dwelling organisms where they connect into the

-Sources-• (2006). Tidal Energy Industry Boom. Retrieved

http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/tidal-energy-industry-boom/• (2008). Renewable Energy: Ocean Wave Power. Retrieved http://www.energysavers.

gov/renewable_energy/ocean/index.cfm/mytopic=50009• (2009) Ocean Wave Energy. Retrieved http://

ocsenergy.anl.gov/guide/wave/index.cfm• (2010). America’s Premiere Wave Power Farm Sets Sail. Retrieved http://www.

alternative-energy-news.info/wave-power-farm-sets-sail/• (2010). History of Tidal Energy. Retrieved. http://www.google.com/#q=

history+of+tidal +energy&hl=en&tbs=tl :1&tbo=u&ei=nPavS6aeAYH48Ab-q6y9Dw&sa=X&oi =timeline_result&ct=title&resnum=11&ved=0CDgQ5wIwCg&fp=1&cad=b

• Kirke, B. (2006) Developments in ducted water current turbines. Retrieved http://www.cyberiad.net/library/pdf/bk_tidal_paper25apr06.pdf

• Lamb, H. (1994) Hydrodynamics. England. Cambridge University Press.• Meyer, R. (2009). Tidal energy . Retrieved from http://www.oceanenergycouncil.com/

index.php/Tidal-Energy/Tidal-Energy.html• Tayor, P. (2007). Seagen Tidal Power Installation. Retrieved http://www.alternative-

energy-news.info/seagen-tidal-power-installation/