Tidal/Wave generation of power

Anoosh Reddy, Milan Patel, Omasan Ekah

Description

● Tidal energy is a form of hydropower that converts energy of tides into electricity.

● Tidal/Wave facilities can incorporate two types of energy components. ○ Potential ○ Kinetic

How It Works?

● Tidal Barrages ○ Single Basin

■ Ebb Generation (Outflow generation)

■ Flood Generation ■ Two- way generation

○ Double Basin■ Storage

How It Works? (cont.)

● Tidal Current Turbines○ Uses kinetic energy ○ Operate during flood and

ebb tides.○ Made up of:

■ Rotor■ Gearbox■ Generator

○ Three different structure types:

■ Gravity■ Piled■ Floating

Requirements

● Predict tides using hydrodynamic modeling method via harmonic analysis

● Generate energy from tides through changing sea levels

● Sink turbines● Suitable locations for largest energy

potential

Impact on Climate

● Inexhaustible energy● Carbon free

○ Installation 7000kt CO2 but payback 3x over

● Impacts aquatic ecosystems and coastlines

● New technologies aka tidal turbines vs. tidal barrages=smaller environmental impact

● Tidal barrages= large environmental footprint

● Juvenile Bypasshttp://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov

Tidal farm locations

● Scotland ○ January 2015, 400 MW farm ○ Predicted to power 175,000 homes

● South Korea○ Sihwa Lake Tidal power (2011)

■ Current largest in the world, 254 MW● France

○ Rance Tidal power station, 240 MW (1966)● USA

○ Verdant RITE project (2012)■ Long Island to the Atlantic, 70 MW

Sihwa Lake

Rance Tidal

Wave farm locations

● United Kingdom○ Islay Limpet (1992)

■ First commercial device connected to a national grid

○ Orkney Wave Power Station(2009)■ Roughly 2.4 MW

● United States○ Azura wave power device(2012)

● Portugal○ Aguçadoura Wave farm (2008)○ Generates roughly 2.25 MW

Pelamis machine

Azura machine

Cons of Tidal energy

Tidal Energy

● Possible environmental effects of tidal energy

○ Pollution builds up inside reservoirs○ Can require dams

● High production costs ○ Rance Tidal Station- ~$118 million ○ Sihwa Lake Tidal Station - ~$293

million ● Low power output when compared to

coal/nuclear energy○ ~30% capacity factor

Underwater tidal power turbines

Cons of Wave energy

Wave energy

● Relatively low power generation○ Largest in the world, ~2.5 MW

● Still no consensus on best design○ No large scale commercial

funding● Maintenance

○ Usually remote locations, maintenance is complicated, underwater Underwater tidal turbine

Underwater tidal fence

Summary

● While expensive, hydropower is far better for the environment than traditional fossil fuels

● Since hydropower is powered by water, the resources required to run it are virtually unlimited

● Heavily reduces CO2 emissions, and is highly predictable

Any questions?

Bibliography

● Anonymous. 10 October 2014. “Tidal bore energy: how its harnessed”. The New Economy. 6 November 2016.

● “Baselod Supply Strategy”, http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/Web_sites/03-04/marine/tech_consider.htm.

● "MCT Tidal Turbine." Renewable Northeast, www.rnp.org/sites/default/files/images/ MCT-tidal-turbine.jpg.

● Renewable Northwest. "Wave & Tidal Energy Technology." Renewable Northwest

● Environment 360. "Why Wave Power Has Lagged Far Behind As Energy Source." Environment 360, Yale University,

● NEA/IEA/OECD (2015), Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2015, OECD Publishing, Paris.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/cost_electricity-2015-en

● Rourke, F. O., Boyle, F., and Reynolds, A.2010. Tidal energy update 2009. Applied Energy, 87, 398-409. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.08.014

● Elghali, SE Ben, M. E. H. Benbouzid, and Jean Frédéric Charpentier. "Marine tidal current electric power generation technology: State of the art and current status." 2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference. Vol. 2. IEEE, 2007.

● Adcock, Thomas AA, Scott Draper, and Takafumi Nishino. "Tidal power generation–A review of hydrodynamic modelling." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy(2015): 0957650915570349.