tila appeal ninth circuit-mcomie-gray v bank of america-opening appeal brief and reply brief...

8/2/2019 TILA APPEAL NINTH CIRCUIT-MCOMIE-GRAY V BANK OF AMERICA-OPENING APPEAL BRIEF AND REPLY BRIEF HERE-2012

1/79

Hf( =7"=493;

VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

OH YCL \HOYLI UYMYLU EF\QY FD MWWLM@UDFQ YCL HOHYC EOQE\OY

VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

JMYCQ_H BEFBOL"KQM_

W`mohyodd Mwwl``mhy

t(

AMHJ FD MBLQOEM CFBL @FMHU

Ildlhimhy"Mwwl``ll

VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

Fh Mwwlm` Dqfb Ycl \hoyli Uymylu Iouyqoey Ef|qy

Lmuylqh Iouyqoey fd Em`odfqhom


MWWL@@MHYU FWLHOHK AQOLD


Imhol` N( B|``okmh

NLHJOHU B\@@OKMH $ KMAQOL@ @@W

=773< Emqqf`` Emhfh Qfmi, U|oyl 1=7

Umh Iolkf, EM ?1=5=

#9= =7"=493; =7&13&17=7 OI> ; ;"= Wmkl> = fd 19 #= fd


2/79

o

YMA@L FD EFHYLHYU

O( N\QOUIOEYOFHM@ UYMYLBLHY ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 1

OO( UYMYLBLHY FD OUU\LU FH MWWLM@ ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 1

OOO( UYMYLBLHY FD YCL EMUL MHI IOUWFUOYOFH AL@F[(((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 5

OT( UYMYLBLHY FD DMEYU ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 9

T( U\BBMQ_ FD MQK\BLHY(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 4

TO( UYMHIMQI FD QLTOL[ ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ;

TOO( MQK\BLHY(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ;

M( Ycl Uymy|yl Emhhfy Al Qlmi Yf Ql}|oql M @m{u|oy Al Aqf|kcy[oycoh Ycqll _lmqu((((((((((((( ;

A( Wqofq Efhyqf``ohk Ileouofhu Efbwl` Ycl Efhe`|uofh Ycmy M @m{u|oy Hlli

Hfy Al Do li [oycoh Ycqll _lmqu (((((((( =5

E( M|ycfqoyolu Mql Uw`oy Mu yf [clyclq U|oy Hlli Al Do`li [oycohYcqll _lmqu = =7"=493; =7&13&17=7 OI> ; ;"= Wmkl> 1 fd 19 #1 fd


3/79

oo

YMA@L FD M\YCFQOYOLU

EMULU

Wmkl

M``lh t( Alhldoeom` Dohmhel Ef(,5?5 D(U|ww( =531 #H(I(Ohi(=?; ; ;"= Wmkl> 5 fd 19 #5 fd


4/79

ooo

\hoyli Uymylu t( Qfh Wmoq Lhylqu(,

93? \(U( 15


5/79

1

O(

N\QOUIOEYOFHM@ UYMYLBLHY

Ycou ou mh mwwlm` dqfb m dohm` n|ikblhy lhylqli a ycl \hoyli Uymylu

Iouyqoey Ef|qy, Lmuylqh Iouyqoey fd Em odfqhom( Ycl |hilq`ohk e`mob {mu

aqf|kcy |hilq ycl Yq|yc Oh @lhiohk Mey, =< \(U(E( =47=, ly(ul} #YO@M/(

Ycl ef|qy al`f{ cmi n|qouioeyofh w|qu|mhy yf =< \(U(E( =497#l/( N|ikblhy

{mu lhylqli fh N|hl 15, 17=7ZLQ 5R=( M yobl` hfyoel fd mwwlm` {mu do`li

fh N|` 4, 17=7ZLQ =R(

OO(

UYMYLBLHY FD OUU\LU FH MWWLM@

YO@M wqftoilu ycmy m }|m`odoli afqqf{lq ulljohk yf qlueohi m `fmh

b|uy if uf a hfyodohk ycl eqlioyfq, oh meefqimhel {oyc qlk|`myofhu fd ycl

ZDlilqm` QlulqtlR Afmqi, fd cou ohylhyofh yf if uf {oycoh ycqll lmqu fd ycl

imyl fd ycl `fmh yqmhumeyofh( YO@M, =< \(U(E( =45 < fd 19 #< fd


6/79

5

OOO(

UYMYLBLHY FD YCL EMUL MHI IOUWFUOYOFH AL@F[

Ycou ou mh meyofh yf lhdfqel qlueouuofh qokcyu |hilq ycl Yq|yc Oh

@lhiohk Mey aqf|kcy a ycl W`mohyodd&Mwwl``mhy Bu( BeFbol"Kqm

#W`mohyodd/,1

oh efhhleyofh {oyc m doquy yq|uy illi bfqykmkl `fmh ucl

faymohli, {coec ou w|qwfqyli` hf{ f{hli a Ildlhimhy&Mwwl``ll, Amhj fd

Mblqoem Cfbl @fmh #Ildlhimhy/( Ycl emul {mu do`li oh ycl \hoyli Uymylu

Iouyqoey Ef|qy, Lmuylqh Iouyqoey fd Em`odfqhom fh M|k|uy 13, 177? mhi

muuokhli yf ycl Cfh( Bfqqoufh E( Lhk`mhi ZLQ ==, Ijy( 1R( Ildlhimhy do`li

mh ohoyom` bfyofh yf ioubouu {coec {mu kqmhyli {oyc `lmtl yf mblhi( ZLQ =1,

Ijy( = 4 fd 19 #4 fd


7/79

9

OT(

UYMYLBLHY FD DMEYU

Dfq w|qwfulu fd ycou mwwlm`, ycl |hilqòhk dmeyu mql |hiouw|yli, Ycl

dmeyu mql uly dfqyc oh ycl Doquy Mblhili Efbw`mohy ZDME, LQ =1 Ijy( =4R(5

W`mohyodd ou m 4; lmq fì {fbmh {cf f{hu mhi òtlu my ycl qlm`

wqfwlqy efbbfh` ilueqoali mu 945= 15qi

Uyqlly, Umeqmblhyf, Emòdfqhom

#clqlmdylq ycl Wqfwlqy/( Ycl Wqfwlqy ou W`mohyoddu wqoheowm` mhi dmbo`

qluoilhel( Fh fq maf|y Mwqo` =9, 1774, W`mohyodd {mu wqlulhyli {oyc `fmh

ife|blhyu yf uokh oh efhhleyofh {oyc ycl `fmh mqqmhkli a Wmqmbf|hy

L}|oy Bfqykmkl #clqlmdylq Wmqmbf|hy/ ZDME, = ; ;"= Wmkl> ; fd 19 #; fd


8/79

=7"=493; =7&13&17=7 OI> ; ;"= Wmkl> 3 fd 19 #3 fd


9/79

4

Oh ileoiohk ycl ouu|l, ycl ef|qy al`f{ bmil oy e`lmq ycmy ycl fh` ouu|l

wqlulhyli {mu {clyclq m afqqf{lq b|uy uobw` wqftoil hfyoel fd qlueouuofh

fq do`l u|oy {oycoh ycqll lmqu>

Ycl ouu|l aldfql ycl Ef|qy, yclqldfql, ou {clyclq Uleyofh

=45 ? fd 19 #? fd


10/79

;

mh miioyofhm` ql}|oqlblhy ycmy m `m{u|oy dfq qlueouuofh b|uy m`uf al ohuyoy|yli

{oycoh ycl ycqll lmq wlqofi {clh hf u|ec `mhk|mkl lsouyu oh ycl uymy|yl {mu

lqqfq( Ull =1 E(D(Q( 114(15#m/#5/,Amuhokcy t(Iombfhi Iltl`fwlqu,Ohe(,

#177=/ =94 D(U|ww(1i ; ; ;"= Wmkl> =7 fd 19 #=7 fd


11/79

3

Efhkqluu+ ohylhy( \hoyli Uymylu t( Qfh Wmoq Lhylqu(, 93? \(U( 15


12/79

?

Dlilqm` Yq|yc oh @lhiohk Mey, =< \(U(E( =45 =1 fd 19 #=1 fd


13/79

=7

qlk|`myofhu fd ycl ZDlilqm` QlulqtlR Afmqi, fd cou ohylhyofh yf if uf( = ; ;"= Wmkl> =9 fd 19 #=9 fd


15/79

=1

efhyqf`òhk Hohyc Eoqe|oy==

wqlelilhy m`` e`lmq` efhylbw`myl ycmy

efhul}|lhelu {o`` wqfelli m|yfbmyoem`` df``f{ohk ycl ouu|mhel fd m hfyoel

fd qlueouuofh, {oycf|y mh hlli dfq loyclqycl `lhilqu efhulhy fq m Ef|qy

ilylqbohmyofh, |h`luu ycl `lhilq yobl` iouw|ylu ycl tmòioy fd ycl hfyoel fd

qlueouuofh #{coec ioi hfy fee|q oh ycou emul/( Ohilli, oy mwwlmqu ycmy ycl

a|qilh fd efbblheohk òyokmyofh ou fh ycl `lhilq&eqlioyfq, hfy ycl afqqf{lq(

ZERfhu|blqu lddley qlueouuofh a kotohk hfyoel yf ycl eqlioyfq ycmy ycl {ouc

yf qlueohi( M eqlioyfq cmu hf ioueqlyofh yf ilh m qlueouuofh ql}|luy mhi

b|uy mey fh oy: cf{ltlq, oy bm ullj ile`mqmyfq qlòld dqfb m ef|qy {clql oy

iouw|ylu ycl tmòioy fd ycl qlueouuofh e`mob( ( ( B|qjlh, Qfalqy, Emhy

Kly Hf Umyoudmeyofh6 Qltouohk Cf{ Ef|qyu Qlueohi Cfbl L}|oy @fmhu

Mh ule|qoy ohylqluy kotohk qoul yf ycl qokcy fd qlueouuofhalefblu tfoi {clh ycl efhu|blq lslqeoulu ycl qokcy fd

qlueouuofh( Ycl ule|qoy ohylqluy ou m|yfbmyoem`` hlkmyli

#lbwcmuou u|wwòli/(

==_mbmbfyf t( Amhj fd Hl{ _fqj, 51? D(5i ==4; #?yc Eoq( 1775/(

Ycl Hohyc Eoqe|oy lsw`mohli>

Ycl uymy|yl mifwyu m ul}|lhel fd qlueouuofh mhi ylhilq ycmy b|uy

al df``f{li |h`luu ycl Ef|qy fqilqu fyclq{oul> {oycoh y{lhyimu fd qlelotohk m hfyoel fd qlueouuofh, ycl eqlioyfq ou yf qly|qh

mh bfhl fq wqfwlqy mhi qld`ley ylqbohmyofh fd ycl ule|qoy

ohylqluyu: {clh ycl eqlioyfq cmu bly yclul faòkmyofhu, ycl

afqqf{lq ou yf ylhilq ycl wqfwlqy(

51? D(5i( my ==;7 #lbwcmuou u|wwòli/(

Emul> =7"=493; =7&13&17=7 OI> ; ;"= Wmkl> =< fd 19 #=< fd


16/79

=5

\hilq ycl Yq|yc oh @lhiohk Mey, ;; Ylbw( @( Qlt( 9 Ycl ilbmhi dfq

qlueouuofh b|uy al bmil {oycoh ycqll lmqu( M jl emul fh wfohy ou ycl

\hoyli Uymylu U|wqlbl Ef|qy ileouofh ohAlmec t Fe{lh Dli( Amhj, ; ;"= Wmkl> =4 fd 19 #=4 fd


17/79

=9

mh mauf`|yl amq( OhAlmec, ycl U|wqlbl Ef|qy lsmbohli ycl {fqiohk fd ycl

uymy|yl mhi uwleodoem`` uymyli ycmy u|auleyofh Z=45

Emul> =7"=493; =7&13&17=7 OI> ; ;"= Wmkl> =; fd 19 #=; fd


18/79

= =3 fd 19 #=3 fd


19/79

=4

Ycl U|wqlbl Ef|qy oh Fe{lh Dlilqm` Amhj, ycl emul ycl

Bok|l` ef|qy ql`oli fh oh efhe`|ili =45 =7"=493; =7&13&17=7 OI> ; ;"= Wmkl> =? fd 19 #=? fd


20/79

=;

\(U (E( =497#l/ wqftoilu ycl afqqf{lq fhl lmq dqfb ycl

qld|um` fd emhel``myofh yf do`l u|oy, ycmy ou hfy ycl ouu|l aldfql |u(

Qmyclq, ycl ouu|l ou {clyclq clq emhel``myofh {mu lddleyotl ltlh

ycf|kc oy {mu hfy qlelotli a ycl Amhj"ycl eqlioyfq"{oycoh ycl

ycqll"lmq uymy|yl fd qlwful(Bok|l` 57? D(5i my ==4 ; ;"= Wmkl> 17 fd 19 #17 fd


21/79

=3

qlueouuofh ilbmhi yf ycl `lhilq b|uy al bmil {oycoh ycqll lmqu, hfy ycmy

u|oy b|uy al do`li {oycoh ycou wlqofi(

TOOO(

EFHE@\UOFH

Ycl }|luyofh wqlulhyli clql cmu allh ilamyli oh ef|qyu meqfuu ycl

ef|hyq oh qlelhy lmqu {oyc ycl lsw`fuofh fd òyokmyofh qlu|`yohk dqfb ycl

bfqykmkl eqouou( Ycl Iouyqoeyu ef|qyu ileouofh oh ycou emul ou ioqley`

efhyqmq yf ycl q|òhk oh Umhyfu( M ildohoyotl mhu{lq dqfb ycou Ef|qy ou yc|u

hllili yf ulyy`l ycl ouu|l wqlulhyli( Amuli |wfh ycl w`moh qlmiohk fd ycl

uymy|yl, mhi ycl qlk|`myofhu, ycl mhu{lq ucf|ì al ycmy YO@M fh` ql}|oqlu

ycmy m afqqf{lq ilbmhi qlueouuofh {oycoh ycqll lmqu( Ycl Iouyqoey Ef|qyu

ileouofh ucf|ì al qltlquli(

[CLQLDFQL,

W`mohyodd qluwleyd|`` ql}|luyu ycmy ycou bmyylq al qltlquli mhi

qlbmhili(

Imyli> Feyfalq 13, 17=7

Qluwleyd|`` U|aboyyliNLHJOHU B\@@OKMH $ KMAQOL@ @@W@M[ FDDOELU FD UOBBFHU $ W\QI_

A> &u& Imhol` N( B|`òkmh

Emul> =7"=493; =7&13&17=7 OI> ; ;"= Wmkl> 1= fd 19 #1= fd


22/79

=?

UYMYLBLHY FD QL@MYLI EMULU

W|qu|mhy yf Eoqe|oy Q|`l 13"1(4, W`mohyodd&Mwwl``mhy uymylu ycmy ucl ou

hfy m{mql fd mh ql`myli emulu wlhiohk oh ycou Ef|qy(

&u& Imhol` N( B|``okmh

Emul> =7"=493; =7&13&17=7 OI> ; ;"= Wmkl> 11 fd 19 #11 fd


23/79


24/79

1=

?YC

Eoqe|oy Emul H|balq =7"=493;

ELQYODOEMYL FD ULQTOEL

O clqla elqyod ycmy O l`leyqfhoem`` do`li ycl dfqlkfohk {oyc ycl E`lqj

fd ycl Ef|qy dfq ycl \hoyli Uymylu Ef|qy fd Mwwlmù dfq ycl Hohyc Eoqe|oy a

|uohk ycl mwwl``myl EB&LED uuylb fh Feyfalq 13, 17=7(

O elqyod ycmy m`` wmqyoeowmhyu oh ycl emul mql qlkouylqli EB&LED |ulqu

mhi ycmy ulqtoel {o`` al meefbwòucli a ycl mwwl``myl EB&LED uuylb(

&u& Imhol` N( B|`òkmh

Emul> =7"=493; =7&13&17=7 OI> ; ;"= Wmkl> 19 fd 19 #19 fd


25/79

Emul> =7"=493; =7&13&17=7 OI> ; ;"1 Wmkl> = fd = #1< fd


26/79

IFEJLY HF( =7"=493;

OH YCL \HOYLI UYMYLU EF\QY FD MWWLM@U

DFQ YCL HOHYC EOQE\OY

JMYCQ_H BEFBOL"KQM_,W`mohyodd"Mwwl``mhy,

tu(

AMHJ FD MBLQOEM CFBL @FMHU,

Ildlhimhy"Mwwl``ll(

VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

Fh Mwwlm` Dqfb Ycl \hoyli Uymylu Iouyqoey Ef|qyLmuylqh Iouyqoey fd Emòdfqhom

VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

QLUWFHUL AQOLD FD MWWL@@LL

EF\HYQ_[OIL CFBL @FMHU, OHE(U|li mu Amhj fd Mblqoem Cfbl @fmhuVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

Nmblu KfìalqkYcfbmu L( Hmhhl

Fqo LilùylohAQ_MHEMTL@@W

Y{f Lbamqemilqf Elhylq

Umh Dqmheouef EM ?9===#9= =7"=493; 73&= ;3


27/79

EFQWFQMYL IOUE@FU\QL UYMYLBLHY

Mwwl``ll Ef|hyq{oil Cfbl @fmhu, Ohe(, lqqfhlf|u` u|li mu Amhj fd

Mblqoem Cfbl @fmhu, ou {cf`` f{hli a Ef|hyq{oil Dohmheom` Efqwfqmyofh(

Ef|hyq{oil Dohmheom` Efqwfqmyofh ou {cf`` f{hli a Amhj fd Mblqoem

Efqwfqmyofh, {coec ou m w|aòe` yqmili efbwmh fh ycl Hl{ _fqj Uyfej

Lsecmhkl |hilq ycl ubaf` AME(

Imyli> M|k|uy = &u& Nmblu KfìalqkNmblu Kfìalqk

Ef|hul` dfq Mwwl``llEF\HYQ_[OIL CFBL @FMHU, OHE(Lqqfhlf|u` u|li muAMHJFDMBLQOEMCFBL@FMHU

Emul> =7"=493; 73&= ;3


28/79

o

YMA@L FD EFHYLHYU

Wmkl

N\QOUIOEYOFHM@ UYMYLBLHY ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((=

OUU\LU WQLULHYLI DFQ QLTOL[ (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((=

UYMYLBLHY FD YCL EMUL((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((=

UYMYLBLHY FD DMEYU MHI WQFELI\QM@ COUYFQ_(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((5

UYMHIMQI FD QLTOL[ (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((;

U\BBMQ_ FD MQK\BLHY (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((3

MQK\BLHY(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((3

O( ULEYOFH =45


29/79

oo

@oboymyofh dfq Imbmklu(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((51

I( Bok|l` Iflu Hfy U|wwfqy ycl Mqk|blhy ycmy YO@M Wlqboyu mEfhu|blq yf Do`l m E`mob dfq Qlueouuofh Fhl _lmq mdylq mEqlioyfq Ilholu m Ql}|luy dfq Qlueouuofh(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((5 =7"=493; 73&= ;3


30/79

UD7=IFEUP97;1;(5 ooo

YMA@L FD M\YCFQOYOLU

Wmkl#u/

Emulu

M`emqm~ t( A`fej,

;94 D(1i


31/79

ot

Oh ql Ecmafy,54? A(Q( = #I( Bfhymhm 177;/(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((=;

Oh ql Kqfmy,54? A(Q( 9=5 #A(M(W( 3yc Eoq( 177;/((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((15

Oh ql Qmboql~,51? A(Q( ;1; #I( Jmh( 177 4 fd


32/79

UD7=IFEUP97;1;(5 t

Qotlqm t( AME Cfbl @fmhu Ulqtoeohk, @(W(,;


33/79

to

Q|`lu

Dli( Q( Mww( W( 9#m/#=/#M/ (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((=

Dli( Q( Eot( W( =1#a/#4/((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 9, =7"=493; 73&= ;3


34/79

UD7=IFEUP97;1;(5 =

N\QOUIOEYOFHM@ UYMYLBLHY

Ycl Iouyqoey Ef|qy cmi n|qouioeyofh |hilq 13 \UE =55=(

Ycou Ef|qy cmu n|qouioeyofh |hilq 13 \UE =1?=(

Ycl Iouyqoey Ef|qy lhylqli dohm` n|ikblhy dfq Ildlhimhyu"Mwwl``llu fh

N|hl 15, 17=7( Mwwl``mhy do`li m Hfyoel fd Mwwlm` fh N|` 4, 17=7( Dli( Q( Mww(

W( 9#m/#=/#M/(

OUU\LU WQLULHYLI DFQ QLTOL[

M( Ioi ycl Iouyqoey Ef|qy lqq {clh oy ioubouuli Mwwl``mhyu e`mob

dfq qlueouuofh |hilq ycl Yq|yc oh @lhiohk Mey, =< \(U(E( =45< ly ul}(

#YO@M/, dohiohk ycmy Uleyofh =45 ? fd


35/79

UD7=IFEUP97;1;(5 1

Em`odfqhom ulljohk qlueouuofh fd ycl bfqykmkl `fmh amuli |wfh m w|qwfqyli

tof`myofh fd YO@M( Mwwl``llu ohoyom` bfyofh yf ioubouu {mu kqmhyli {oyc `lmtl yf

mblhi( Mwwl``mhy do`li m Doquy Mblhili Efbw`mohy fh Bmqec 57, 17=7, mkmoh

ulljohk qlueouuofh fd ycl bfqykmkl `fmh i|l yf m w|qwfqyli tof`myofh fd YO@M(

Uwleodoem``, Mwwl``mhy m``lkli ycmy oh Mwqo` fd 1774, {clh lhylqohk ohyf ycl

bfqykmkl `fmh, Mwwl``llu muuokhfq dmo`li yf wqftoil Mwwl``mhy {oyc y{f efbw`lyli

efwolu fd m Hfyoel fd Qokcy yf Emhel` mhi yclqldfql tof`myli YO@M(

Fh Mwqo` =


36/79

UD7=IFEUP97;1;(5 5

Uleyofh =45


37/79

UD7=IFEUP97;1;(5 9

W`mohyoddu myyfqhl, imyli N|` =, 177?( #ULQ =?"17, QNH, Ls( M(/ Oy mkqlli yf yf``

ycl uymy|yl fd òboymyofhu dfq 47 imu, dqfb N|` =, 177? yf M|k|uy 5=, 177?, mhi

wqftoili ycmy oy hloyclq eqlmyli hfq {motli mh qokcyu fq qlbliolu>

W`lmul meelwy ycou mu AME Cfbl @fmhu mkqllblhy yf yf`` ycl

uymy|yl fd òboymyofhu {oyc qluwley yf f|q eòlhyu m``lkli Yq|yc"

oh"@lhiohk Mey ioue`fu|ql tof`myofh e`mobu dfq m wlqofi fd uosy

#47/ imu dqfb ycl imyl fd ycou `lyylq( ( ( ( Ycou mkqllblhy hloyclq

eqlmylu hfq {motlu qokcyu fq qlbliolu dfq fq mkmohuy mh wmqy(

#Oi(/

Fh M|k|uy 1;, 177?, Mwwl``mhy do`li m Efbw`mohy oh ycl Lmuylqh Iouyqoey fd

Emòdfqhom, Umeqmblhyf Iotouofh "" ftlq 5 lmqu, 9 bfhycu, mhi = {llj mdylq

uokhohk clq Hfyl mhi Illi fd Yq|uy( #Lselqwyu fd Qlefqi #LQ/ ==, Ijy( %1/(

Mwwl``mhyu uf`l e`mob uf|kcy qlueouuofh dfq m w|qwfqyli tof`myofh fd YO@M( #Oi(/

Fh Ulwylbalq =3, 177?, Mwwl``ll do`li m Bfyofh yf Ioubouu w|qu|mhy yf

Dlilqm` Q|`l fd Eoto` Wqfeli|ql =1#a/#4/, yfklyclq {oyc m Ql}|luy dfq N|ioeom`

Hfyoel fd ycl uokhli fmh ife|blhyu( #LQ ==, Ijy( % ==/ Mwwl``ll mqk|lu ycmy>

#=/ W`mohyodd dmo`li yf m``lkl ylhilq: mhi #1/ EC@ cmi oh oyu do`l m efw fd m Hfyoel fd

Qokcy yf Emhel` {coec W`mohyodd uokhli mhi mejhf{`likli qlelotohk my ycl

efhu|bbmyofh fd ycl `fmh oh Mwqo` 1774, ycmy cmu ycl wqfwlq imylu do``li oh( #Oi(/

Fh Bmqec ==, 17=7, ycl Ef|qy kqmhyli ycl Bfyofh yf Ioubouu {oyc `lmtl yf mblhi

Emul> =7"=493; 73&= ;3


38/79

UD7=IFEUP97;1;(5

ZMRh eqlioyfq {cf dmoù yf efbw` {oyc mh ql}|oqlblhy

obwfuli |hilq ycou wmqy, ohe`|iohk mh ql}|oqlblhy |hilq

uleyofh =45< fd ycou yoy`l, {oyc qluwley yf mh wlqufh ou òma`l

yf u|ec wlqufh oh mh mbf|hy l}|m` yf ycl u|b fd>

(

#5/ oh ycl emul fd mh u|eeluud|` meyofh yf lhdfqel ycl

dfqlkfohk òmaoòy fq oh mh meyofh oh {coec m wlqufh ou

ilylqbohli yf cmtl m qokcy fd qlueouuofh |hilq uleyofh =45 =7"=493; 73&= ;3


58/79

UD7=IFEUP97;1;(5 1 Ohilli,

oy mwwlmqu ycmy ycl a|qilh fd efbblheohk òyokmyofhu ou fh ycl `lhilq&eqlioyfq, hfy

ycl afqqf{lq, eoyohk efbblhymyfqu ycmy um ycl `lhilq b|uy efbw` {oyc ycl

ilbmhi dfq qlueouuofh fq efbblhel m ile`mqmyfq qlòld meyofh {oycoh ycl 17"im

uymy|yfq yobl wlqofi( #Oi(/

Ycou mqk|blhy ou hfy u|wwfqyli a mh emul `m{ fq a ycl uymy|yl( Od

meelwyli, oy {f|ì cmtl ycl lddley fd hlli`luu` oheqlmuohk òyokmyofh( @lhilqu

Emul> =7"=493; 73&= ;3


60/79

UD7=IFEUP97;1;(5 1;

{f|ì al dfqeli yf do`l u|oy oh eoqe|buymhelu {clql m `m{u|oy {f|ì hfy al

{mqqmhyli( Dfq lsmbw`l, m afqqf{lq bokcy iqfw clq ilbmhi dfq qlueouuofh |wfh

qlelotohk ycl `lhilqu qluwfhul ilbfhuyqmyohk oyu efbwòmhel {oyc YO@Mu

ql}|oqlblhyu qlkmqiohk Hfyoelu fd Qokcy yf Emhel`, fq {clql ycl afqqf{lq ou

|h{o`òhk yf ylhilq bfhl fq ycl wqfwlqy mu ql}|oqli yf efhu|bbmyl qluyoy|yofh

mhi qlueouuofh( Eqlioyfqu fdylh qluwfhi {oycoh ycl 17"im uymy|yfq yobl wlqofi yf

ycl afqqf{lqu ql}|luy a ilhohk ycl ql}|luy fh ycl kqf|hiu ycmy ycl eqlioyfq cmu

oh oyu do`l efbw`lyli Hfyoelu fd Qokcy yf Emhel`, {coec ycl afqqf{lq uokhli mhi

mejhf{`likli qlelotohk, yc|u eqlmyohk m qla|yyma`l wqlu|bwyofh ycmy ycl `fmh

fqokohmyfq efbwòli {oyc YO@M oh ycou qlkmqi( Ull =< \(U(E( =45 =7"=493; 73&= ;3


61/79

UD7=IFEUP97;1;(5 13

u|oy( Ycmy {f|ì obwful m clmt a|qilh fh ycl `lhilq yf q|uc yf wqlwmql mhi do`l m

efbw`mohy( Oy {f|ì mùf obwful m a|qilh fh m afqqf{lq yf qlymoh m `m{lq mhi

qluwfhi yf ycl efbw`mohy(

Od Mwwl``mhyu mqk|blhy ou yf al alòltli, m afqqf{lq {f|ì cmtl m ultlql`

ucfqylhli qokcy yf qlueouuofh oh ufbl eoqe|buymhelu( Dfq lsmbw`l, od m afqqf{lq

ioi hfy qlelotl m`` bmylqom` ioue`fu|qlu mhi kmtl hfyoel fd qlueouuofh < imu mdylq

efhu|bbmyofh, ycl afqqf{lq {f|ì yclh cmtl yf aqohk u|oy {oycoh fhl lmq mhi

y{lhy"dotl imu fd efhu|bbmyofh( Ycou {f|ì ileqlmul ycl afqqf{lqu yobl yf

do`l m qlueouuofh meyofh a m`bfuy y{f lmqu(

Fh ycl fyclq cmhi, ycl Iouyqoey Ef|qy+u cfìohk ycmy ycl meyofh b|uy al do`li

a ycl afqqf{lq {oycoh ycqll lmqu iflu hfy uokhodoemhy` obwmoq ycl afqqf{lq+u

qokcy, alem|ul oy m``f{u ycl afqqf{lq bfql ycmh mil}|myl yobl "" ycqll lmqu "" yf

lslqeoul clq qokcy yf qlueouuofh a doòhk u|oy(

OO( MWWL@@MHYU MQK\BLHYU DMO@Oh miioyofh yf ycl mqk|blhyu qla|yyli maftl, Mwwl``mhy mùf mqk|lu ycmy

ulhiohk hfyoel fd qlueouuofh m|yfbmyoem`` qlueohiu ycl bfqykmkl `fmh( Mwwl``mhy

efhylhiu ycmy Qlk|`myofh ^, obw`lblhyohk YO@M, wqftoilu ycmy m e`mob dfq

qlueouuofh bm al do`li `mylq ycmh ycqll lmqu mdylq efhu|bbmyofh fd ycl `fmh(

Meefqiohk yf Mwwl``mhy, ycl Ef|qy ucf|ì afqqf{ ycl uymy|yl fd òboymyofhu dfq

imbmklu |hilq YO@M efhymohli oh Uleyofh =497#l/ mhi mww` oy yf e`mobu dfq

Emul> =7"=493; 73&= ;3


62/79

UD7=IFEUP97;1;(5 1?

qlueouuofh |hilq YO@M( Ycou {f|ì m``f{ m afqqf{lq yf do`l u|oy mhyobl {oycoh m

lmq mdylq ilhom` fd clq hfyoel fd qlueouuofh, mu `fhk mu ucl ulhy ycl hfyoel fd

qlueouuofh yf clq `lhilq {oycoh ycqll lmqu dqfb ycl efhu|bbmyofh fd ycl `fmh( M``

fd yclul mqk|blhyu dmo`(

M( Ulhiohk Hfyoel fd Qlueouuofh Iflu Hfy M|yfbmyoem`` Qlueohi ycl@fmh

Mwwl``mhy mqk|lu ycmy ulhiohk m hfyoel fd qlueouuofh m|yfbmyoem`` qlueohiu m

bfqykmkl `fmh( Mu wqltof|u` hfyli, ycl Hohyc Eoqe|oy oh _mbmbfyf, 51? D( 5i my

==;=";5, qlnleyli ycou mqk|blhy( Oy clì ycmy |hyo` ycl eqlioyfq mejhf{`liklu ycmy

ycl qokcy fd qlueouuofh ou mtmo`ma`l fq ycl mwwqfwqomyl ileouofh bmjlq cmu uf

ilylqbohli, ycl afqqf{lqu cmtl fh` mitmheli m e`mob ulljohk qlueouuofh(Oi(

#eoymyofh fboyyli(/

Ycl Uymdd Efbblhymq yf Qlk|`myofh ^, ycl qlk|`myofhu obw`lblhyohk YO@M,

my wmqmkqmwc 15#i/#9/, mùf efhyqmioeyu Mwwl``mhyu mqk|blhy> [clql ycl

efhu|blq+u qokcy yf qlueohi ou efhyluyli a ycl eqlioyfq, m ef|qy {f|ì hfqbm``

ilylqbohl {clyclq ycl efhu|blq cmu m qokcy yf qlueohi ( ( ( ( Yc|u, ycl mklhe

qlk|`myohk YO@M efbwòmhel qlefkho~lu ycmy ycl efhu|blqu ql}|luy dfq qlueouuofh

iflu hfy m|yfbmyoem`` tfoi ycl `fmh mhi ycl ule|qoy ohylqluy(

Ulhiohk m hfyoel fd qlueouuofh fd ycl `fmh {oycoh ycl ycqll"lmq wlqofi ou

obbmylqom` mu m bmyylq fd `m{, alem|ul hfyoel m`fhl ou hfy u|ddoeolhy yf qlueohi ycl

Emul> =7"=493; 73&= ;3


63/79

UD7=IFEUP97;1;(5 57

`fmh( Blql ohtfemyofh Zfd ycl qokcy yf qlueohiR {oycf|y bfql ( ( ( {o`` hfy wqlulqtl

ycl qokcy alfhi ycl ycqll"lmq wlqofi( Qmyclq, efhuouylhy {oyc Uleyofh =45


64/79

UD7=IFEUP97;1;(5 5=

57? D(5i my ==49/:Qotlqm t( AME Cfbl @fmhu Ulqtoeohk, @(W(, ; 5? fd


65/79

UD7=IFEUP97;1;(5 51

Ycl ef|qy ohOh ql Qmboql~, lsw`mohli>

Hfq iflu ycl `mhk|mkl fd Qlk|`myofh ^, ycl uymy|yfq

bmhimyl dfq ef|qyu yf mey {oyc qluwley yf ycl YO@M, u|wwfqy ycl

Qmboql~lu mqk|blhy ycmy ycl ule|qoy ohylqluy ou tfoi |wfh

hfyoel fq ycl lslqeoul fd ycl qokcy yf qlueohi( Qlk|`myofh ^

boqqfqu =45


66/79

UD7=IFEUP97;1;(5 55

ycl do`ohk fd meyofhu dfq qlueouuofh mdylq ycl ycqll lmq uymy|yl fd qlwful oh =457?"ET"77?=1"

M[O"UB, 177? [@ 1 ycl afqqf{lq cmu fhl lmq

dqfb ycl qld|um` yf do`l u|oy dfq imbmklu w|qu|mhy yf =< \(U(E( =497#l/(

Uobo`mq`, ohBmi|qm t( Ef|hyq{oil Cfbl @fmhu, Ohe(, 1773 [@ 13 =7"=493; 73&= ;3


67/79

UD7=IFEUP97;1;(5 59

e`mobu |hilq Uleyofh =45


72/79

UD7=IFEUP97;1;(5 =

ELQYODOEMYL FD EFBW@OMHEL

W|qu|mhy yf Q|`l 51#m/#;/#E/ fd ycl Dlilqm` Q|`lu fd Mwwl``myl Wqfeli|ql

mhi Q|`l 51"= fd ycl Hohyc Eoqe|oy Q|`lu, O elqyod ycmy ycl Qluwfhul Aqold fd

Mwwl``ll Ef|hy{oil Cfbl @fmhu, Ohe(, ou if|a`l"uwmeli, cmu m ywldmel fd =9

wfohyu, mhi |ulu wqfwfqyofhmyl`"uwmeli Yoblu Hl{ Qfbmh dfhy( Ycl aqold

efhymohu 3,=;; {fqiu oh efbw`omhel {oyc Q|`l 51#m/#;/#A/#o/ fd ycl Dlilqm` Q|`lu

fd Mwwl``myl Wqfeli|ql mhi Q|`l 51 fd ycl Hohyc Eoqe|oy Q|`lu(


Ef|hul` dfq Mwwl``ll

EF\HYQ_[OIL CFBL @FMHU, OHE(Lqqfhlf|u` u|li muAMHJFDMBLQOEMCFBL@FMHU

Emul> =7"=493; 73&= ;3


73/79

Emul> =7"=493; 73&= ;3


74/79

UD7=IFEUP97;1;(5 =

UYMYLBLHY FD QL@MYLI EMULU

Z?yc Eoq( Q|`l 13"1(4R

W|qu|mhy yf Q|`l 13"1(4 fd ycl Hohyc Eoqe|oy Q|`lu, Mwwl``ll ou hfy m{mql fd

mh ql`myli emulu(


Ef|hul` dfq Mwwl``ll

EF\HYQ_[OIL CFBL @FMHU, OHE(Lqqfhlf|u` u|li muAMHJFDMBLQOEMCFBL@FMHU

Emul> =7"=493; 73&= ;3


75/79

Emul> =7"=493; 73&= ;3


76/79

UD7=IFEUP97;1;(5 =

Emul> =7"=493; 73&= ;3


77/79

Emul> =7"=493; 73&= ;3


78/79

Emul> =7"=493; 73&= ;3


79/79

Emul> =7"=493; 73&= ;3

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