tilly’s old and new repertoires of contention
DESCRIPTION
Tilly’s Old and New Repertoires of Contention. Patronized. festival charivari/serenade seizure of grain field invasion turnout. OLD. Orientation To Powerholders. expulsion. election rally public meeting. NEW. strike. demonstration social movement. Autonomous. National. Local. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Tilly’s Old and New Repertoires of Contention
Patronized
Autonomous
OrientationTo
Powerholders
Scope of Action
Local National
festivalcharivari/serenadeseizure of grainfield invasionturnout
expulsion
strike
election rallypublic meeting
demonstrationsocial movement
OLD
NEW
Source: Tilly 1986, p. 395
Tilly’s French Periods, 1598-1986
• - a long seventeenth century, from 1598-1715, in which challenges were primarily aimed at the expanding national government,
• - a shorter eighteenth century that ends with the revolution of 1789, in which challenges were primarily aimed at the encroachment of capitalist property relations on traditional rights and privileges,
• - a longer nineteenth century (1789-1906) characterized by protracted class conflict and revolutionary struggle, during which time the new repertoire became established,
• - a twentieth century (1906-present) in which the struggles continue but the scale of capital accumulation, coercion, and contention increase.
French Revolutionary Struggle, 1789-1871
• 14 July 1789: French Revolution; First Republic.
• 1792: Louis XVI guillotined--Reign of Terror.
• 1794: leaders of Reign of Terror executed.
• 1795: royalist revival opposed by General Bonaparte; war
with Prussia, Spain, Holland, England, and Austria
• 1799: Napoleon elected Consul.• 1802: Napoleon declared emperor for
life.• 1804: Emperorship declared
hereditary.• 1815: Napoleon exiled (defeat at
Waterloo); Louis XVIII (Louis XVI's brother) named
(Bourbon) King
• 1830: Charles X (Bourbon King) obliged to abdicate;
• Louis Phillipe (Duke of Orleans) named King (in July)
• 1848: Revolution; Second Republic in February
• June 1848: socialist movement/rebellion crushed.
• December 1848: Louis Napoleon (nephew of Napoleon I) Bonaparte elected
president.• 1851: Bonaparte assumes dictatorial
power; is re-elected for ten years.
• 1852: Second Empire (by popular vote); Louis Napoleon; (Napoleon III reigns).
French Revolutionary Struggle (continued)
• 1859: victories in Crimean and Austrian wars
• 1866-69: defeats in Prussian-Austrian War;
• 1870: Defeat in Prussian War; Third Republic declared
• 1871: German Empire established; Empire claims Alsace and Lorraine; German troops enter Paris in triumph but leave after two days; Thiers was elected president of the Third Republic
• March 1871: as Germans retreat, popular uprising establishes the Commune, which ruled Paris until May,
• May 1871: Thiers (with Army) repressed the Commune.
Characteristics of repertoires of popular collective action in France, 1650-1980 (Tilly 1986:392-3)
• General Characteristics
• Use of authorities’ normal means of action, as caricature or temporary assumption of authorities’ prerogative in the name of the community
• Tendency to participate as members of representatives of constituted corporate groups and communities rather than special interests
• Tendency to appeal to powerful patrons for redress of wrongs or representation to outside authorities
• Extensive use of authorized public celebrations and assemblies to present grievances and demands
• Repeated adoption of rich, irreverent symbolism: effigies and ritual objects
• Convergence on the residence of wrongdoer or sites of wrongdoing, as opposed to seats and symbols of public power
1650-1850: Parochial and Patronized
• Examples
• Seizure of grain (food riots)
• Invasion of forbidden fields, forests, streams
• Destruction of tollgates and other barriers
• Attacks on machines
• Serenades (rough music)
• Expulsion of tax collectors, foreign workers, other outsiders
• Rowdy holiday parades
• Inter-village battles
• Sacking private homes
• Popular courts
• Turnouts
Characteristics of repertoires of popular collective action in France, 1650-1980
1650-1850: Parochial and Patronized
Characteristics of repertoires of popular collective action in France, 1650-1980
1850-1980: National and autonomous
• General Characteristics
• Use of relatively autonomous means of action, or a kind rarely or never employed by authorities
• Tendency to participate as members of representatives of special interests and named associations or pseudo-associations (e.g., Coalition for Justice)
• Tendency to challenge rivals or authorities, especially national authorities and their representatives, directly rather than through appeals to patrons
• Deliberate organization of assemblies for articulation of claims
• Display of progams, slogans, signs or common membership
• Preference for action in visible public places
Characteristics of repertoires of popular collective action in France, 1650-1980
1850-1980:National and autonomous
• Examples
• Strikes
• Demonstrations
• Electoral Rallies
• Public meetings
• Petition marches
• Planned insurrections
• Invasion of official assemblies
• Social movements
• Electoral campaigns
Social Change in Western Europe, 1600-1900
• 1688: English (Glorious) Revolution
• 1776: American Revolution
• 1789: French Revolution
• 1848: Revolutionary Struggles throughout Europe (especially Germany and France)
• 1861: American Civil War
• 1871: Prussian-German War produces German Empire
Old and New Repertoires of Contention in U.S., 1752-1996
Patronized
Autonomous
OrientationTo
Powerholders
Scope of Action
Local National
anti-proprietor revolts: 1652-1691militia rebellions: 1676-1691festivals: Stamp Act of 1765tax revolts: 1765-1794food riots: 1713-1837tenants’ rebellions: 1745-1766squatters’ rebellions: 1782-1850slave rebellions: 1663-1860vigilantism: 1771-1865
expulsion:1765-1861boycotts: 1765-presentcooperatives: 1870-present
strike
election rallypublic meeting
demonstrationsocial movement
OLD
NEW
U.S. Periodization, 1620-present
• Colonial America: 1620-1765
• Colonial Revolt: 1765-1815
• National Period: 1815-1861
• Revolutionary Struggles: 1861-1946
• Consolidation/Increase in Scale: 1946-present