timber in construction - gate project · timber in construction fire safety developments in france...

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGCClermont -Ferrand

G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CClermont -Ferrand-

CIVC l eB l a

GENIE CIVILC l e r m o n t - F e r r a n dUniversi té Blaise Pascal

CIVC l eB l a


Timber in ConstructionFire Safety developments in France

Patrick Racher – Dhionis Dhima

Timber in ConstructionFire Safety developments in France

Patrick Racher – Dhionis Dhima

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC



CIVC l eB l a


CIVC l eB l a


1

New regulations

Existing rules

Normal situation : CB71 (allowable stresses)Fire situation :

ereduced ≥ 20 mm

tfi = 30 mn ttimber ≥ 72 mm (ou 62mm)

tsteel ≥ 6 mm (ou 4mm)Criteria :

Reduced capacity ≥ Allowable capacity x (1,75 to 2,25)Elastic limit

?DTU Bois-Feu 88 EC5-1.2

Euroclass correspondance - 2002

Fire resistance - 2004

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC



CIVC l eB l a


CIVC l eB l a


2

2004 regulations

Standardised fire :

Time tfi,d ≥ tfi,req

Action effects Rfi,d,t ≥ Efi,d,t

Temperature θcr,d ≥ θd

Natural fire : Fire safety engineering possible

control by agreed service (CSTB, CTICM)

dfit,d,fi EE η=

0,2

0,4

0,6

ηfi

Q1/G0,5 1 2 3

ψfi = 0,9

0,7

0,5

0,2

0,2

0,4

0,6

ηfi

Q1/G0,5 1 2 3

0,2

0,4

0,6

ηfi

Q1/G0,5 1 2 3

ψfi = 0,9

0,7

0,5

0,2

ψfi= ψ1

1fi QG ψ+

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC



CIVC l eB l a


CIVC l eB l a


I – Fire resistance of common connections :

Timber to timber and steel to timberFd varying from 120 to 220 kN

Calibration of load level in fire :average of 3 ‘ cold ’ tests

Study of specific connections (3D nailing plates)With support from industry (Aginco, Simpson)

3

R&D Projects

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC



CIVC l eB l a


CIVC l eB l a


Testing arrangement

0

50

100

150

200

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

144

0

50

100

150

200

0

50

100

150

200

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

144

F (kN)

t (mn)0

50

100

150

200

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

144

0

50

100

150

200

0

50

100

150

200

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

144

F (kN)

t (mn)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 10 20 30 40

Temps (min)

TC 1

TC 2

TC 3

TC 4

TC 5

TC 6

TC 7

TC 8

Tpp

T-iso

Pyromètre à plaque

Courbe conventionnelle

θ (°C)

Test procedure

4

Some results

R&D - 1

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC



CIVC l eB l a


CIVC l eB l a


Tb3

Tb2Tb1

2x10

T1 ,T2 ,T3

2x15

TintTb3 Tb2 Tb1

10 10T1, T2

20

5

Temperatures

R&D - 1

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 θ (°C)

20

40

60

80

100

Profondeur(mm) Broches 20mm Boulons 20mm

Broches 12mm Boulons 12mmBrochesprotégées

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 θ (°C)

20

40

60

80

100

Profondeur(mm) Broches 20mm Boulons 20mm

Broches 12mm Boulons 12mmBrochesprotégées

Fasteners

Dowels

DowelsProtectedDowels

Bolts

BoltsDepthTimber

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40t (min)

÷ (°C)

55 mm

40 mm

25 mmθ (°C)

t (mn)

EssaiSimulation

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40t (min)

÷ (°C)

55 mm

40 mm

25 mmθ (°C)

t (mn)

EssaiSimulation

TestModel

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC



CIVC l eB l a


CIVC l eB l a


25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20 30 40 50 Temps (mn)

Glissement(mm)

Test N° 7tfi=27mn

Test N° 8tfi=22mn

Test N° 4tfi=38mn

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 10 20 30 40 50 Temps (mn)

Glissement(mm)

Test N° 7tfi=27mn

Test N° 8tfi=22mn

Test N° 4tfi=38mn

Timber to timber and steel to timber joints

67,0KK serfi =

Joist hangers

33,0KK serfi =

Joint stiffness k(θ)

6

R&D - 1

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC



CIVC l eB l a


CIVC l eB l a


Timber to timber

Joist hangers

Failure modes

7

R&D - 1

Steel to timber

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC



CIVC l eB l a


CIVC l eB l a


Time to failure and loading ratio

8

R&D - 1

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0 15 30 45 60 75 90

ηexp

0,4

0,3

0,2

0,1

0tfi (mn)

Bois-Bois

Bois-Métalη = 0,58e-0,020tfi

η = 0,80e-0,027tfi

ηd

0,8

0,6

0,4

0,2

0

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC



CIVC l eB l a


CIVC l eB l a


• Normal condition (EN1995-1.1)nef = n + Annex A EN1995-1.1

Steel plates : Capacity of the net section

• Fire situationTimber joints Stability > 1 hour (R90)

Kfi = Kser kt

Load level :fitB

exp eA−

=η

Assemblages bois-bois A=0,8 B=0,027Assemblages bois-métal A=0,58 B=0,020

3D nailing plates (nails)

Timber to timber joints Steel to timber joints

( )0,66t0,018 fiexp +−=η

Some conclusions

R&D - 1

9

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC



CIVC l eB l a


CIVC l eB l a


II – Analysis of the separating function (Annexe E)

tins = ∑ tins,0,i kpos kj

Basic InsulationMaterial i

LR = 2 x LV

tins,0 = hp x 0,95 Plywood1,10 OSB1,40 Gypsum0,10 kdens LV

R&D Projects

10Position

LV

0,8 0,60,7

0,721,0

0,461,56

Joint≤2mm≤2mm

kj =0,2

≤15mm≤15mm

kj =0,6

kj =1,0 gypsum

≥

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC



CIVC l eB l a


CIVC l eB l a


13,3

17,5

21

25,2

32,2

11

15

21

28

35

10

15

20

25

30

35

9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

Eurocode

DTU

Gypsum

11

R&D - 2

Comparison Eurocode-DTU

0

5

10

15

20

25

5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25Epaisseur du contreplaqué (mm)

Eurocode

DTU Contreplaqué NF ext CTB-X

DTU Contreplaqué non certifiés

Plywood

tins,0(mn)

e(mm)

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC



CIVC l eB l a


CIVC l eB l a


12

R&D - 2

Panel thickness (mm)

t(mn)

Plywood –LR OSB – LRGypsum - LR

Plywood –LV OSB – LVGypsum - LV

PlywoodOSB Gypsum

WALL - cavity = 100mm

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC



CIVC l eB l a


CIVC l eB l a


t (mn)

hp (mm)

13

R&D - 2

Cavity depth effect

ba13

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC



CIVC l eB l a


CIVC l eB l a


Non protected

0

1

2

3

0 5 10 15 20 25

Reduced sectionReduced properties

Sd / Rd

tfi (mn)

R&D - 2

14

Protection of structural elementsBeam C24 (60x180)mm²

0

15

30

45

60

non protégée

e=10mm 12,5 15 2x15 Poutre 190x80

tfi (mn)

0

15

30

45

60

non protégée

e=10mm 12,5 15 2x15 Poutre 190x80

tfi (mn)

Protection effect

Non protected

Beam190x80

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC

MSGC

LGC


G CG CG C

LGC

MSGC

LGC



CIVC l eB l a


CIVC l eB l a


At the code level

National Annex EN1995-1.2 (20-9-05) ……to be included in fire resistance regulations

« Europe Plan » and « Eurocodes Project »:Simplified design rules for EN1991 / 1998

Timber components : Separating function under fireConnection design

Next actions in France …

15

At the R&D level

Thermo-mechanical modelling of dowelled connections(Thesis K.Laplanche)

National Project « Fire safety engineering »

Safety criteria – human behaviour

Risk analysis

Fire modelling

Mechanical modelling….Concrete, Steel, Timber, Glasses…

timber in construction - gate project · timber in construction fire safety developments in france...

Documents