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TEXT A

Time to talk to the animals, walk with the animals …

1 Initially, I surmised that my neighbour was suffering from early-onset dementia. That was until I realised that she was not in fact talking to herself. My neighbour regularly has extended conversations with her canine companion and covers a wide variety of topics. By now Jock probably knows more about politics, medical ailments and gardening than most humans do. Many people talk to their pets and one wonders sometimes just how much these creatures do understand.

2 I know a Jack Russell that gets extremely agitated when he's left at home. He has realised that before his people leave they shower and put on more respectable clothes. Finely tuned to their routines, he ensconces himself in the shower before they can get there and then looks at them with sad eyes and shivers. Naturally they feel bad, coax him out with a substantial treat and turn on the radio to keep him company. He is certainly an intelligent, manipulative fellow.

3 We cannot really be blamed for anthropomorphising or personifying our pets. As children we listen to fables, folk tales and fairy stories where all kinds of animals are given human characteristics. They converse with one another, have adventures and are frequently characterised by one specific trait. The fox is ubiquitously sly and the wolf is wicked. This sort of stereotyping can be destructive if it is mindlessly assimilated. I imagine snakes are pretty put out that they have become a symbol of evil and certainly many crows and black cats have suffered unjust torment because of it.

4 Not all tales are guilty of unfair, simplistic categorising; in modern literature creatures are often developed into fully rounded characters who elicit strong emotional reactions from readers. Poor little Piglet, always so fearful and timid, tries hard to overcome his fears in his adventures with Winnie-the-Pooh and the wealthy Toad of Toad Hall from The wind in the willows is a cheerful, kind, gregarious chap. Not without flaws, he is known to be a little arrogant and has a tendency to follow fads which he abandons as quickly as he embraces them. We can identify with such fully developed personalities and their characters become most memorable.

5 Animated movies have certainly reinforced our personification tendencies. Nemo has endeared the clown fish to us for evermore and thanks to The lion king warthogs are loyal, steadfast, slightly dim-witted Pumbaas who say, `Hakuna Matata'. This may not be an accurate description of Phacochoerus Africanus but perhaps conservationists could develop the fundamental concept to help increase respect and appreciation for all animals.

6 Many scientists believe that most creatures have higher mental abilities than people imagine. They have discovered that much maligned crows have the mental capacity of a seven-year-old child. The remarkable problem-solving abilities of these birds were demonstrated by an experiment where floating treats were placed near the bottom of a container of water, which they could not reach. Immediately they came up with a solution and found pebbles, which they systematically dropped into the container, raising the water level until the treats could easily be reached.

7 Other observations support this finding: crows sit in trees where walnuts have fallen on the road. Patiently they wait for cars to drive over the nuts, cracking them open for easy access. They are also known to communicate with one another extremely effectively and collaborate when necessary; these are sophisticated skills that elude many people.

8 Generally we see ourselves as superior to other creatures and believe we possess qualities and emotions that are uniquely human. There is some debate about this: are things such as self-consciousness, loyalty, sadness, empathy, adaptability and a sense of humour exclusive to mankind? I have seen a pooch emerge from the parlour clipped into an exotic topiary and it was certainly embarrassed. It snuck into its kennel and kept a low profile for days. It wouldn't even eat, it was so sad. Many people say their dogs know when they are feeling miserable and will comfort and offer affection, intuitively understanding their need for solace.

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9 Dogs are able to learn as many as 250 different words and signals. We rely on them to sniff out contraband and explosives and to guard and protect us. For many, they are part of the family: loving, loyal companions who add significantly to the quality of our lives.

10 It is easy to take the presence of other creatures for granted and complacently accept that we are the most intelligent species on earth. Perhaps it is time for the human race to eat some proverbial humble pie and acknowledge that we are a sorry lot, despite our brain capacity. We have disrupted the natural harmony on earth and are by far its most destructive inhabitants; now that doesn't sound too intelligent, does it?

(Adapted Source: Gen Cator, May 2014)

TEXT B

Small Text :

- All Genuine parts fitted at a Land Rover dealership carry a 12 month , unlimited km warranty - Repairs performed at Land Rover approved body repair centres will ensure quality and

craftsmanship. - Genuine Glass is thicker , safer and reduces wind noise

QUESTIONS : TEXT A

1.1 Refer to paragraph 1. 1.1.1 What does the word 'companion' tell us about the relationship between the neighbour and her dog? (2) 1.1.2 Why is it that Jock probably knows more about politics, medical ailments and gardening than most humans do? (1) 1.2 What evidence is there in paragraph 2 that the Jack Russell is manipulative? (3) 1.3 Refer to paragraph 3. 1.3.1 Explain why our tendency to anthropomorphise our pets has its roots in our childhoods. (2) 1.3.2 Discuss the writer's attitude to stereotyping animals. (2)

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1.4 Refer to paragraph 5. In your opinion, does the suggestion that conservationists could constructively use the concept of anthropomorphising animals have merit? Motivate your response. (3) 1.5 Refer to paragraph 6. In the sentence: 'They have discovered that much maligned crows have the mental capacity of a seven-year-old child', the word 'maligned' means: A disliked. B vilified. C misunderstood.

D observed. (1) 1.6 Refer to paragraph 8. 1.6.1 Discuss the effectiveness of the metaphor: 'I have seen a pooch emerge from the parlour clipped like an exotic topiary...'. (3) 1.6.2 'Many people say their dogs know when they are feeling miserable ...' Write down a phrase which could be used to describe this ability which dogs appear to possess. (1) 1.7 Comment on the irony which appears in the final paragraph of the text. (2) QUESTIONS ON TEXT B 1.8 Explain how the advertiser has used visual details to convey the essential message in the advertisement.. (3) 1.9 In your view, is the advertisement effective? Justify your response. (3) QUESTION ON TEXT A AND TEXT B 1.10 Critically discuss how the advertisement exemplifies or reflects any two issues raised in Text A. (4) [30]

SECTION B: SUMMARY QUESTION 2: SUMMARISING IN YOUR OWN WORDS INSTRUCTIONS The passage on the next page (TEXT C) gives some useful tips on how to take

notes. Identify seven useful tips for successful note-taking. ● Your summary must be in ONE, FLUENT paragraph.

● Provide a title of no more than SEVEN words.

● Your paragraph must not exceed 80 words, including the title.

● Indicate the number of words used.

● Marks will be awarded for language and style.

● Do not lift words directly from the passage.

(10)

TEXT C

NOTE – TAKING - By Dr. Catherine Armstrong

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Note taking is a skill that we use in many walks of life: at school, university and in the world of work. However, it will be obvious to many people that they have not honed the skills needed to get maximum potential from their note-taking, so here are seven tips on how to be an efficient and successful note-taker. These can apply equally to taking notes from someone else's verbal presentation or from a written text.

The whole point of note taking is to be able to summarise information in a different, shorter form to use later. Therefore if you try to write down every word of a lecture or book then you will soon get behind and lose the thread of what is being presented to you.

Listen or look out for key phrases such as ‘the most important factor is...' which is like a large signpost directing you to the fact that a vital piece of information is coming up and instructs you to ready your pen to take a note of it. The author or lecturer you are working with will have their own particular style and phrases that you should look out for, so become familiar with their signposts.

It is easy to drift off and lose the thread of a lecture or written argument, so make sure you are an active listener. Ask yourself questions or try to summarise in points what is happening. Look at the lecturer. When you take notes you will not have time to write in full sentences, and sometimes the information comes so thick and fast that you cannot even write full words. Develop your own set of symbols and abbreviations. Some obvious ones are + or & for ‘and'; = for equals. Other examples seen less often are w/ for ‘with' or wch for ‘which'. There will be subject specific short hands that you can use too.

For extra clarification and to improve your active listening or reading techniques make sure you use different coloured inks when taking notes. You can show different themes and approaches by changing to a different colour for example. This is especially useful if you will need your notes later for report writing or revising for exams.

Do not simply take your notes and then file them away and forget about them. The best use of your notes is to read over them a short time after and perhaps re-write them again, more neatly or in a different order, depending on how or why you want to use them. This will help you to use the information actively and it will stay in your memory for longer.

If you are listening to an hour-long lecture, don't be tempted to take a lot of notes for the first 10 minutes and nothing at all for the rest of the session. Make sure you pace yourself and gather information consistently throughout the lecture. A good lecturer will provide quality information throughout their lecture slot, so don't lose concentration.

Adapted from https://www.jobs.ac.uk/careers-advice/managing-your-career/1006/top-ten-tips-on-note-taking

SECTION C: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS QUESTION 3: ANALYSING ADVERTISING

Study the advertisement below (TEXT D) and answer the set questions TEXT D

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QUESTIONS :

3.1 Explain the clever play on words in the title. (2)

3.2 Who would be the target market for this advertisement? (1) 3.3 Why do you think, are there three lines of powder and three pills in the graphic? (2) 3.4 Comment on the age of the person given in the advertisement. (2) 3.5 Discuss how effective the advertisement is in bringing across its message. (3)

[10]

_____________________________________________________________________________

QUESTION 4: VISUAL LITERACY

Study TEXT E and answer the set questions. TEXT E

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Refer to TEXT E Answer the questions below 4.1. 4.2

Describe the attitude portrayed by the character using spectacles. Give a word to describe the expression of the note-taker in the third frame and how has this expression been created?

(2) (2)

4.3 Contrast how the cartoonist has visually depicted the body language of both characters in the last frame to show their different attitudes to attention in class.

(4)

4.4 Explain how humour has been created in this cartoon. (2) [10]

QUESTION 5: EDITING AND LANGUAGE USAGE Thomas has taken some rough notes (TEXT F) in his English lesson. Obviously, he has made a number of errors in his haste to complete the notes. See if you can identify and correct the errors by answering the questions set on the passage. TEXT F

1. Macbeth was written in 1606. 2 Macbeth is a tradgedy. This is because Macbeth expires at the end of the play. He is the

tragic hero who has a fatal flaw. Part of the convention.

3 Macbeth starts out as a good person, he is given many rewards for his bravery in helping

to defeat the Norwegians, the first one is the position of Thane of Cawdor.

4. Macbeth’s wife is really ambitious. She summons the forces of evil so that she can

control Macbeth.

5. The prophecy of the three witches awaken in Macbeth the ambition in his nature, so

Lady Macbeth can manipulate him quick. He is persuaded to kill the king.

6. Macbeth takes the throne. He desiccates the kingdom by killing everyone who

opposes him. Bloodshed and mayhem spread through the land.

7. Part 2 tomorrow

5.1.

Questions

Correct the punctuation error in the first paragraph. (1)

5.2. There is a spelling error in paragraph 2. Correct it. (1) 5.3. What grammatical error has been made consistently in paragraph 3? (1) 5.4. What is the function of the apostrophe in paragraph 4? (1) 5.5. Change the following into passive voice:

“She summons the forces of evil so that she can control Macbeth.”

(2)

5.6. Correct two grammatical errors in paragraph 5. Write down only the corrected parts of the sentence.

(2)

5.7.. A malapropism has been used in paragraph 6. Give the word which should have been used.

(1)

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5.8. Rewrite paragraph 6 as a complex sentence. (1) [10]

TOTAL : 70