time use survey in europe hetus project and the italian experience tania cappadozzi

Time use Survey in Europe

HETUS Project and the Italian experience

Tania Cappadozzi

Italian National Institute of StatisticsSenior researcher in Time Use Survey

United Nations Department of Economic and

Social AffairsStatistical Division (UNSD)

Expert Group Meeting The revision of ICATUS

11-13 June 2012 New York

Time Use Survey: main uses in Italy and EU

HETUS project and the Italian TUS

HETUS Methodological features

HETUS classification system

1.An Italian peculiarity: Children Time

Main differences between HETUS and ICATUS

classification

Index

The

It and EU aims

Time Use Surveys are a precious source of information on several issues.

In Italy this survey is used mainly in the social sector, for gender statistics.

With Time Use data it’s possible: to analyze in detail the division of paid and unpaid

workloads between men and women.

to understand how men and women use their time

to identify the way gender differences in time use develop during the various stages of life

Time Use Survey and Gender statistics

The HETUS project

In the European context the HETUS project (Harmonised European Time Use Studies) has been created by Eurostat since early 1990s to harmonize the Time Use surveys.

In the European context the HETUS project (Harmonised European Time Use Studies) has been created by Eurostat since early 1990s to harmonize the Time Use surveys.

A first wave of pilot surveys were conducted during those years. On the bases of their results, the guidelines were developed during the late 1990s. A final draft was published in 2000 and revised in 2008 thanks to the work of a Task Force.

A first wave of pilot surveys were conducted during those years. On the bases of their results, the guidelines were developed during the late 1990s. A final draft was published in 2000 and revised in 2008 thanks to the work of a Task Force.

At present these Guidelines, although not constraining, are the main reference guide for the European Member countries that are interested in the international results’ comparability.

At present these Guidelines, although not constraining, are the main reference guide for the European Member countries that are interested in the international results’ comparability.

EU

historical backgroun

d

Methodological features

Population and sample design– The population is composed by persons resident at domestic

addresses and not in institutions (military service, hospitals, prisons), aged 10 years and older (IT-TUS includes children 3-9 years old).

– Regarding sample design, highest priority is given to individual observations and to keep individual non-response low. All members of the household are included in the sample.

Number of diary days– 2 diary days: 1 week day and 1 week-end day (IT-TUS uses only one

diary day). Coverage of the year

– The survey days/dates have to be representative of, and cover a full 12 months period. The diary days are allocated to households/individuals by a controlled random procedure.

4 harmonised survey tools – The day diary – The weekly diary– The individual questionnaire– The household questionnaire

Classification system and coding rules

Basic tables

The main recommendations of HETUS guidelines

The Italian Time Use Survey (IT-TUS)

The Harmonized European Pilot Survey: June - September 1996

The first wave of the Harmonized European Time Use Surveys: from April 2002 to March 2003 – 21.075 Households– 51.206 Day diaries

The second wave of the Harmonized European Time Use Surveys: from February 2008 to January 2009

1. 18.250 Households2. 40.945 Day diaries

ISTAT is now planning the fourth Time use survey: scheduled from October 2013 to September 2014

HETUS Guidelines 2000

HETUS Guidelines 2008

In Italy TUS is planned every five years by the law 53 of 2000.In Italy TUS is planned every five years by the law 53 of 2000.

The first Italian Time Use Survey: from June 1988 to May 1989– 13,729 households– 38,110 Day diaries

The first Italian Time Use Survey: from June 1988 to May 1989– 13,729 households– 38,110 Day diaries

IT

historical backgroun

d

Household questionnaire (context variables)

One for each household in the sample

Individual questionnaire (context variables)

One for each household member

Day diary (when, what, what else, where, with whom)

One for each household member aged 3 years or older

Week diary (hours of paid-work in a week)

One for each household member aged 15 years or older

Italian survey instruments and interviewing techniques

Face to face Interview with paper questionnaire

Self-administered paper questionnaires

IT

Survey tools


IT

Survey tools

The IT day diary

The daily diary starts at 04:00 am and covers 24 hours with 144 intervals of 10 minutes (HETUS recommendation).The daily diary starts at 04:00 am and covers 24 hours with 144 intervals of 10 minutes (HETUS recommendation).

What were you doing? What else were you doing? Where were you Record your main activity for each Record the most important or which

10-minute period! parallel activity means were youOnly one main activity on each line! moving by? Alone With household members Other

Distinguish between travel and activity that is the reason for travelling persons

Do not forget the mode of transportation Mother FatherPartner/S

pouseSon/Daug

hterBrother/Si

ster that you

Distinguish between first and second job, if any know

07.00-07.10 Woke up the children At home

07.10-07.20 Had breakfast Talked with my family

07.20-07.30 " " "

07.30-07.40 Cleared the table Listened to the radio

07.40-07.50 Helped the children dressing Talked with my children

07.50-08.00 Went to the day care center " " By foot

08.00-08.10 Went to job Read the newspaper By bus

08.10-08.20 " "

08.20-08.30 Regular work (first job) At work

08.30-08.40 "

08.40-08.50 "

08.50-09.00 "

09.00-09.10 "

09.10-09.20 "

09.20-09.30 "

09.30-09.40 "

09.40-09.50 "

Mark "yes" by crossing

Were you alone or together with somebody you know?


International comparabilityInternational comparability

The coding process translates the sentences reported by the interviewed into codes

The coding process translates the sentences reported by the interviewed into codes

The respondents describe the activities performed using common language

Classification system proposed by HETUS,

IT-TUS adapted to the national needs

Coding the day diaryCoding

activitiy

• Extreme content variety

• Extreme language variety

• Necessity to keep a lot of contextual information under

control

• Scarcity/Redundancy of Information

• Wrong compilation (wrong column use)

• Incomplete compilation (missing information about some

variables in one or more intervals)

Coding activity: the complexity

Association text-code is not an easy one to one linkage,

but it is the outcome of a process

Coding activitiy

Two equal actions, performed in the same setting, can be

coded in different ways depending on their different purpose

The same activity can be coded with different codes depending on:

• who performs it (sex, age, profession, household structure, etc.)• location where the activity takes place• the target of action• the sequence of activities• etc.

Coding activity: the problemsCoding

activitiy

According to IT experience for the good result of the coding phase is extremely important:

Give to respondents clear instruction for filling in pages on day diary;

provide a good coding manual containing clear coding rules, in particular for solving problems deriving with an incorrect filling of the day diary (multiple activities in a 10 minute interval, lack of travelling activities, etc.) and a lot of clear examples;

a very good coders’ training;

Italy has chosen to record also sentences reported in day diary, useful to adopt a mixed coding strategy: introducing an automatic coding step for activities not affected by context information and a computer-assisted coding step for more complex situations.

Coding activity: some remarks Coding

activitiy

The system of activity codes is:

First level is always present. The following levels are just specifications of the first level’s categories

At three levels

Hierarchical

The HETUS 2008 activity codesHETUS

classification system

14

The HETUS activity classification system

0 PERSONAL CARE

1 EMPLOYMENT

2 STUDY

2 HOUSEHOLD AND FAMILY CARE

4 VOLUNTEER WORK AND MEETINGS

5 SOCIAL LIFE AND ENTERTAINMENT

6 SPORTS AND OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES

7 HOBBY AND GAMES

8 MASS MEDIA

9 TRAVEL AND UNSPECIFIED TIME USE

10 Major divisions (1 digit codes)10 Major divisions (1 digit codes)

- 33 2 - digits codes- 33 2 - digits codes

- 108 3 - digits codes- 108 3 - digits codes

For IT Classification- 124 National codes (3 or 4 - digits codes)

For IT Classification- 124 National codes (3 or 4 - digits codes)


HETUS00 unspecified location/transport modeLOCATION CODES10 unspecified location (not travelling)11 home12 weeend home or holiday apartment13 workplace or school14 other people’s home15 restaurant, cafe or pub16 shopping centers, markets, other shops17 hotel, guesthouse, camping site19 other specified location

Location and transport mode codes list

The location and transport mode codes list is not hierarchical HETUS - 17 codes (10 location codes 7 transport mode codes) IT-TUS - 53 codes (36 location codes 17 transport mode codes)

TRANSPORT MODE CODES20 Unspecified transport mode21 Travelling on foot22 Travelling by bicycle 23 Travelling by moped, motorcycle or motorboat24 Travelling by passenger car29 Other private transport mode31 Travelling by public transport


How to code all these differences?

An Italian peculiarity: the children diaries

Children:

Have particular activities They live the activities in a “different” way They use a different language They give more importance to the person with whom

they are, compared to the activity that they are doing

IT

classification system

Children diaries

In IT classification system there are 29 codes only for children

Example: 2121 - Homework during vacation

In particular special codes are used if children are with someone but they don’t say what they are doing

Time Main activity Cod. m.a.

Contempor activity

Cod. c.a.

Place Cod. place

Auxiliar code

14.00-16.00 I stay with my father

5.1.5.2 Special code

At home

11

Comparing HETUS and ICATUS activity coding list

HETUS 2008 Draft ICATUS 2012

0 - PERSONAL CARE

8 - PERSONAL CARE AND MAINTENANCE

Excluding 85 – RESTING (in HETUS is 5 - SOCIAL LIFE AND ENTERTAINMENT)

Warning: - Receiving personal and health/medical care from others in HETUS are not distinct by activities done on their own

Exemples: “My mother help me to eat” is coded like “I eat” “My son help me to dress myself” is coded like “I dress myself”



1 – EMPLOYMENT

1 - PAID WORK

Warning: - Work for household in

primary production activities - non primary production activities and construction activities in HETUS is coded as paid work if is done in a family business or property ALSO AS UNPAID FAMILY MEMBER (according with occupation declared in the individual questionnaire) otherwise those activities are classified in UNPAID DOMESTIC WORK

Examples: “feeding chickens” if respondent declares

itself or other family members as farmer this is coded as paid work, but if he is a teacher this is coded “Tending domestic animals” in domestic work.

“I make textiles” done by a tailor is work, by a lawyer is coded in domestic work.



2 - STUDY 5 – LEARNING

3 - HOUSEHOLD AND FAMILY CARE

2 - UNPAID DOMESTIC SERVICES FOR OWN FINAL USE WITHIN HOUSEHOLD

3 - UNPAID CAREGIVING SERVICES TO HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS

Warning: When primary production activities (GARDENING/TENDING DOMESTIC ANIMALS) - non primary production activities (MAKING TEXTILES) and CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES are done for household but not for work (according with occupation declared in the individual questionnaire) in HETUS are classified in DOMESTIC WORK

Warning: When primary production activities (GARDENING/TENDING DOMESTIC ANIMALS) - non primary production activities (MAKING TEXTILES) and CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES are done for household but not for work (according with occupation declared in the individual questionnaire) in HETUS are classified in DOMESTIC WORK



4 - VOLUNTARY WORK AND MEETINGS

4 - COMMUNITY SERVICES AND HELP TO OTHER HOUSEHOLDS

63 - CIVIC AND RELATED RESPONSABILITIES

64 - RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES

5 - SOCIAL LIFE AND ENTERTAINMENT

61 - SOCIALIZING (Excluding mail communication in HETUS coded in Computing)

62 - PARTECIPATION IN COMMUNITY CULTURAL /SOCIAL EVENTS

71 - ATTENDING/VISITING CULTURAL, ENTERTAINMNET AND SPORTS EVENTS

743 - VISITING LIBRARY85 - RESTING



6 - SPORTS AND OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES

73 – INDOOR AND OUTDOOR SPORTS PARTICIPATION AND RELATED COURSES

Warning: - Fishing, hunting etc. in

ICATUS are coded in work for household in primary production activities while in HETUS those activities are paid work only if respondent is a professional fisherman, hunter, etc. otherwise are outdoor activities



7 - HOBBIES AND COMPUTING

613 - READING AND WRITING MAIL71 – HOBBIES, GAMES AND OTHER PASTIME ACTIVITIESWarning:- ICATUS have not a specific code

for computing and code used refers to the activity for which the PC is used (i.e. if pc or internet is used for reading, the code used is reading, etc.)

But what happens when respondent write “I'm at the computer”?



8 – MASS MEDIA

74 – MASS MEDIA(Excluding VISITING LIBRARY in

HETUS coded in ENTERTAINMENT AND CULTURE)

9 – TRAVEL AND UNSPECIFIED TIME USE

Travel are incorporated in respective main categories

There are not unspecified time use survey codes like:

995 – filling in the time use diary998 – unspecified leisure time999 – other unspecified time use

Example of using code 998How to code “I go out with my friends"

for one hour without any specification?

Probably is leisure time but we don’t know what are they doing 998

Thanks for your attention!

For more information on Italian Time Use survey:

“Time Use in Daily Life” (in English)

http://www3.istat.it/dati/catalogo/20080612_01/

The

aims

Time use data can also be analyzed to study. . .

The relationship between working times, times of study, of other productive activities, leisure time and family care

The activities and needs of particular social categories (elderly and children)

Household productive activities not reported by the National Accounting System

The days of the week and the hours of the day in which public services are used

The times in which places and locations are used (helpful for their better planning )

The leisure time

The use of mass media including the most innovative IT tools

The

aims

Family policies more attentive to the necessity of reconciliation between working activities and family duties and to the necessities of elderly and children;

A labour policy more conscious of the characteristics and of the new forms of work;

A better transports’ organization according to the information about the daily mobility and the means of transport used;

In general a better planning and organization of public services.

At a macro level -TUS offers a detailed picture to plan:

The IT day diary: instruction for filling in pagesIT

Survey tools



WARNING ON CHILDCARE

In Daft ICATUS 2012Reading, playing and talking with children is coded like Teaching, training and helping childrenwhile in ICATUS 2005 these activities were separated, just like in HETUS.

According to IT experience teaching it’s a very different activity respect playing with children. In Italy frequently there is a gendered division of roles: the mother helps children with homework, the father plays with them!

We suggest to divide these activity again

WARNING ON CHILDCARE

In Daft ICATUS 2012Reading, playing and talking with children is coded like Teaching, training and helping childrenwhile in ICATUS 2005 these activities were separated, just like in HETUS.

According to IT experience teaching it’s a very different activity respect playing with children. In Italy frequently there is a gendered division of roles: the mother helps children with homework, the father plays with them!

We suggest to divide these activity again

time use survey in europe hetus project and the italian experience tania cappadozzi

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