Timeline

Outline of Introduction Presentation

1. Motivation for the GEOTRACES programme

2. Status of GEOTRACES

3. Goals of this workshop

4. Format of the workshop

Mission

GEOTRACES guiding mission

To identify processes and quantify fluxes that control the distributions of key trace elements and isotopes (TEIs) in the ocean, and to establish the sensitivity of these distributions to changing environmental conditions.

Mission

What are “key” elements?

They include:- Those acting as micronutrients to control

ocean productivity and ecosystems- Those tracing modern processes in the

ocean- Contaminants in the present and future

ocean- Chemical species used as proxies to

reconstruct past climate

Mission

What are “key” elements?

They include:- Those acting as micronutrients to control

ocean productivity and ecosystems- Those tracing modern processes in the

ocean- Contaminants in the present and future

ocean- Chemical species used as proxies to

reconstruct past climate

Iron as a limiting nutrient in HNLC regions

Iron as a limiting nutrient in HNLC regions

Input fluxes of bioactive metals

DataLimited for Fe

Present ignorance: Existing deep ocean Fe data

Stations with Fe concentrations at depths > 2000 m.As of 2003. From P. Parekh (MIT)

Paucity of information about deep Fe distribution limits understanding of upwelling supply and internal cycling.

DataLimitsModels

Models are based on limited data…

Model of Fe cycle(Parekh et al. 2005)

Model of ecosystem limitation(Moore et al, 2004)

Other essential TEIs

Iron is not the only trace metal crucial for ocean biology

Figure from F. Morel

Mission

What are “key” elements?

They include:- Those acting as micronutrients to control

ocean productivity and ecosystems- Those tracing modern processes in the

ocean- Contaminants in the present and future

ocean- Chemical species used as proxies to

reconstruct past climate

Mission

What are “key” elements?

They include:- Those acting as micronutrients to control

ocean productivity and ecosystems- Those tracing modern processes in the

ocean- Contaminants in the present and future

ocean- Chemical species used as proxies to

reconstruct past climate

Mission

What are “key” elements?

They include:- Those acting as micronutrients to control

ocean productivity and ecosystems- Those tracing modern processes in the

ocean- Contaminants in the present and future

ocean- Chemical species used as proxies to

reconstruct past climate

Ignorance about cycling of trace elements

Mission

What are “key” elements?

They include:- Those acting as micronutrients to control

ocean productivity and ecosystems- Those tracing modern processes in the

ocean- Contaminants in the present and future

ocean- Chemical species used as proxies to

reconstruct past climate

Mission

What are “key” elements?

They include:- Those acting as micronutrients to control

ocean productivity and ecosystems- Those tracing modern processes in the

ocean- Contaminants in the present and future

ocean- Chemical species used as proxies to

reconstruct past climate

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0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000

Atmospheric CO2

Paleoclimate indicates behaviour of climate system

The need forproxycalibrationTwo proxies for rate of NADW flow agree that flow is strong in Holocene, but disagree about strength of flow at LGM and during deglaciation

Mission

What are “key” elements?

They include:- Those acting as micronutrients to control

ocean productivity and ecosystems- Those tracing modern processes in the

ocean- Contaminants in the present and future

ocean- Chemical species used as proxies to

reconstruct past climate

Timeliness Substantial interdisciplinary benefits of disciplinary

study of ocean geochemistry

Now 30 years since last global program in marine geochemistry (GEOSECS)

Improved ability to sample the ocean without contamination

Increased sensitivity of analytical instrumentation

Advances in modeling permit rates and fluxes to be derived from modeling

Published in late 2006

Download PDF fromhttp://www.geotraces.org/Or hard copies available here

(also substantially replicated in Chemie de Erde paper in your workshop folders)

Science Plan

Program Elements (Implementation)Enabling Activities Standards and intercalibration Data protocols, management, archiving Modeling Test stations

Ocean Sections Core activity - requires international cooperation 12-15 sections Covering regions dominated by major processes National cruises with international collaboration

Process Studies Targeted at processes known to be important Targeted at “anomalies” detected in ocean sections Some will focus on ocean boundaries (e.g., coastal regions) Some will exploit time-series stations

Nations involved in planning

USA UK JapanCanada France ChinaMexico Germany Australia Brazil Netherlands IndiaChile Sweden KoreaPeru Spain Taiwan

Belgium New Zealand Hong Kong

SSC

GEOTRACES - Scientific Steering Committee (SCOR)Bob Anderson, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, USA, Co-ChairGideon Henderson, University of Oxford, UK, Co-ChairPer Andersson, Swedish Museum of Natural History, SwedenPhilip Boyd, University of Otago, New ZealandKen Bruland, University of California Santa Cruz, USAMinhan Dai, Xiamen University, ChinaHein de Baar, Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, The NetherlandsMartin Frank, IfM-GEOMAR, GermanyToshitaka Gamo, The University of Tokyo, JapanCatherine Jeandel, LEGOS (CNRS/CNES/IRD/UPS), FranceBill Jenkins, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USAPere Masque, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, SpainChris Measures, University of Hawaii at Manoa, USAFelipe Niencheski, Fundaco Universidade Federal do Rio, BrazilKristin Orians, University of British Columbia, CanadaJames Orr, International Atomic Energy Agency, MonacoCarol Robinson, Plymouth Marine Lab, UKMichiel Rutgers van der Loeff, Alfred Wegener Institute, GermanyReiner Schlitzer, Alfred Wegener Institute, Germany Sunil Kumar Singh, Physical Research Laboratory, IndiaJing Zhang, University of Toyama, Japan

<www.geotraces.org>

Timeline

Future timelineBasin Workshops -> Identify Sections & Process Studies June/September/October 2007

Basin plans to be formally approved at next SSC meeting in Nov 2007

Intercalibration and Data-Management protocols being established now

First cruises - Intercalibration and IPY cruises planned for 2007/2008

Program completion - Decade-plus timescale

Sections

SCHEMATIC (!) ocean sections for GEOTRACES

Sections will be designed to investigate regions where targeted processes dominate trace element cycles.

AtlanticNitrate

Distributions reflect circulation and biogeochemistry

Much can be inferred about nutrient cycles from a basic knowledge of ocean circulation and nutrient distribution.

AtlanticNitrate

Ability to make these measurements for TEIs

• Al traces source of Fe• Fe distribution reflects biological uptake and regeneration

Unpublished data of Chris Measures and Bill Landing

AtlanticNitrate

Distributions reflect circulation and biogeochemistry

Atlantic Fe

Fe (nmol/kg)

…but existing data are limited in extent

Results from CLIVAR cruises show comparable richness of features in Fe distribution.

Sections

SCHEMATIC (!) ocean sections for GEOTRACES

Sections will be designed to investigate regions where targeted processes dominate trace element cycles.

The major goal of this workshop….

Identify the sections (and process studies) required to meet the scientific goals of the GEOTRACES programme

Provide justification and rationale for the choice of sections

AustraliaCanadaChinaJapanKorea/JapanNew ZealandTaiwanU.S.

TahitiEasterIsland

Hawaii

Proposed Pacific Sections

Keynotes (Monday)Keynote 1: “Observations and modelling the ocean Fe

cycle: Role in the carbon cycle and state of understanding”Ed Boyle (MIT, USA)

Keynote 2: “The importance of bioactive trace metals in the marine environment”Mak Saito (WHOI, USA)

Keynote 3: “Trace element and isotope proxies: constraints on the carbon cycle”Ros Rickaby (Oxford, UK)

Programme LogisticsProgramme Logistics 1: “Intercalibration of measurements

for GEOTRACES”Gregg Cutter (Old Dominion, USA)

Programme Logistics 2: “Data management during GEOTRACES”Chris Measures (Hawaii, USA)

Planned activitiesPlanned Activities 1: “The BONUS-GOODHOPE IPY Cruise”

Marie Boye (LEMAR, Plouzane, France)Planned Activities 2: “AMANDES project”

Catherine Jeandel (Kiel, Germany)Planned Activities 3: “Zero and Drake IPY Cruise”

Hein de Baar (RNRSI, Netherlands)Planned Activities 4: “Arctic IPY activities”

Per Anderson (Swedish Museum of Natural History, Sweden)Planned Activities 5: “Mauretania to the Brazil Basin cruise”

Martin Frank (Kiel, Germany)Planned Activities 6: “UK SOLAS work relevant to GEOTRACES”

Eric Achterberg (National Oceanography Centre, UK)Planned Activities 7: “German SOLAS work relevant to

GEOTRACES”Peter Croot (Kiel, Germany)

Remainder of meetingKeynote 4: “A GEOTRACER's perspective of the hydrography

and circulation of the Atlantic”Bill Jenkins (WHOI, US)

Advocacy talksThese will set the agenda for the breakout groups that follow

Breakout groupsWill focus on particular regions/questions and define sections and

their justification

Plenary sessionsWill report discussion of breakout groups, and finalize plans

Black Finis

GEOTRACES - Scientific Steering Committee

Meets 16-18 December in SF.Opportunity for input now!