timo honkela: metaphors, analogies and conceptual blending

Timo Honkela, Modeling Meaning and Knowledge, 11.4.2016

Timo Honkela

Modeling Meaning and Knowledge11 Apr 2016

[email protected]

Metaphors, analogies and conceptual blending


Metaphors

● Conceptual metaphor refers to the understanding of one idea in terms of another

● An example of this is the understanding of quantity in terms of directionality (e.g. "the prices are rising"). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_metaphor


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Lakoff

UC Berkeley, 2006

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_metaphor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embodied_cognition


Analogy and analogical reasoning

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/reasoning-analogy/

“An analogy is a comparison between two objectsor systems of objects, that highlights respectsin which they are thought to be similar.”


Douglas Hofstadter on Analogy

Hofstadter's Stanford presidential lecture on analogy:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8m7lFQ3njk


Analogies andleaning meaning

● Definition in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Similarity judgment of objects or systems of objects

● Statistical language learning: Similarity judgment of the contexts of objects(words and phrases)

● Further possibility (unexplored?):Similarity judgment of contexts of contexts


Analogical reasoning inpattern spaces?

● Traditionally analogical reasoning has been studies in the spaces objects or systems of objects

● What about conducting analogical reasoning within vector spaces?

● Symbolic level should not be given primary role in guaranteeing quality of reasoning as for instance Kahnemann seems to suggest


Conceptual blending

Gilles FauconnierUC San Diego


Conceptual blending

Generic space

Input1 Input2

Blend


Examples of conceptualblending in marketing

Learning to match: user-producer integrationand blending in the probiotic Gefilus innovation process

Nina Janasik (2011) http://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/abs/10.1504/IJLC.2011.041871?journalCode=ijlc

http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2011/isbn9789526041667/

timo honkela: metaphors, analogies and conceptual blending

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