tin toy

CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 1

Experiments at RHIC, the First Spin Collider---- just taking off -----

Hideto En’yo Hideto En’yo

RIKEN / RIKEN-BNL Research CenterRIKEN / RIKEN-BNL Research Center

Tin Toy

How this toy works ?

Tires rotating, and runs

A Fly Wheel is working hard inside, which carries the

moment of inertia

Spin of the Earth and Spin of Proton

Spin Top and Magnet characters

Fundamental Questions

What attracts quarks

How can we study ?

What is the fly wheel of Proton

SOLVED

Big Question

Facility Ready

2

1J

What is the fly wheel in the proton

　　　　 Proton Spin CrisisProton Spin Crisis

　　

Big　

Question

Polarize protons ( arrange all the proton spin to the same axis )

Spin collider

【 The first in the world 】　

Accelerate to the very high Accelerate to the very high energyenergy

And Collide !And Collide !

What We learn ?ParticlePhysics

Hadron Physics =Physics @ RICH

ＱＧＰProton Structure

Nuclear Physics Astro Physics

0.0001sec after the Big-BangQuark Gluon Plasma

The First Element, Nucleon

Yuko Mochizuki, RIKEN-RARF

Long Island, USA 、 NY

RHIC

CircumferenceCircumference 　　 3.83 km 3.83 km

Two ringsTwo rings– Proton + ProtonProton + Proton

– Nucleus + NucleusNucleus + Nucleus

不死鳥 PHENIX 検出器

南 μ 介子測定器

北 μ 介子測定器

西・電子・光子測定器

東・電子・光子測定器

13CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo

PHENIX Experiment

How we can polarize proton


Polarized Proton Acceleration

KEK OPPPS, Tuned for RHIC at TRIUMPH

Booster: No Spin Resonance

AGS: Partial Siberian Snake

Transfer Lines to RHIC, Spin transparent

Two Rings in the Tunnel


Snake Magnet

STARPHENIX

AGSLINAC

RHIC

Proton and its spin motion in Snake4 Helical Dipoles – one Snake essential invention for RHIC spin

2 Snakes in each ring Snake axis orthogonal each other Spin is preserved up to 250GeV

RIKEN fund


Beam’s View

Si #1

Si #2

Si #4Si #3

left right

down

up

Si #5

Si #6

Carbon filament target (5mg/cm2) in the RHIC beam

Measure recoil carbon ions at 90º

100 keV < Ecarbon< 1 MeV

Wave-Form Digitizer +FPGA high counting rates (~0.5 MHz)

scaler measurement ~ 310-4 in ~1 minute.

Carbon

ADC values

Arr

ival

tim

e (n

s)

Coulomb Nuclear Interference Polarimeter

STARPHENIX

AGSLINAC

RHIC

PaNic02 K.Kurita


Luminosity in Year 1

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1 3 5 7 9 111315171921232527293133Days into run (from 12/20/01)

STAR 300 nb-1

PHENIX 150 nb-1

Machine Luminosity

300 nb-1 /weekPeak 1.8x1030 cm-

2s-1


Polarization in Year 1

Yellow Ring Blue Ring


Why polarization was low ?

10% 20% 30%

PAGS

PRHIC

Injection1st Year

Ramp upSpead

SourceImprovement

New AGSSNAKE2004-5

AGS motor generator failure½ ramp up speed2x resonance effect


２００３


Prospect of Machine performance

RUN #proton/bunch

[x109]#bunch Beta*

(m)

Emittance

(m)

Luminosity

1030 cm-2s-1

Pol.

(%)

2001-

2002

70 55 3 25 1.8 15-25

2002-2003

100 112 1 25 16 45-55

2004-

2005

? 112 1 ? ? 70-80

Design 200 112 1 20 80 70


The Spin Experiments

STARPHENIX

AGSLINAC

RHIC pp2pp

Spin Rotators

pp elastic Silicons in Roman pot-t down (0.004 GeV/c)2

b*=10m (special tune)


Spin Physics at RHIC

• Spin Structure of Nucleon

– 1/2=(1/2)+G+Lq+Lg G: gluon polarization q: Anti-quark polarization

– New Structures• h1: transversity

RHIC = polarized parton colliderRHIC = polarized parton collider

•NEW TOOL to study hadronic processes

•W,Z @500GeV•flavor sensitive studies on the structure functions

•cc/bb•Production mechanism

•Spin in the fragmentation•Parity,CP violating interaction?

•Test of pQCD •Use asymmetries sensitive ONLY to the higher orders (A

N at high PT etc.)

?QCD triumph? or

?beyond ?


• ALL: Double Longitudinal Spin Asymmetry– Useful in extracting quark/gluon helicity distributi

ons

)()(

)()(

LLA

ATT: Transversity AN:Twist-3 or TAL:Parity Violation

Asymmetries Measurements


Global QCD Analysis

AAC

Prelim

inary

AAC

Prelim

inary

M. Hirai, H.Kobayashi, M. Miyama et al.

Impact of RHIC Spin on g With RHIC

DATA (1year)


Measurements of q, q at PHENIX

– d small at high x u/u (d/d for W) flavor selected valence quark polarization

d/d (u/u for W) determination

Major background is Z decay (20%)

systematic error will be minimized (~1%) with AL

Z (~20%)and (Z) measurements

N.Saito

Au x M d x M d x M u x M

u x M d x M d x M u x MLW a W b W a W b W

a W b W a W b W

( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( , )

( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( , )

2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2

Parity violating single Asymmetry unpolarized distribution polarized distribution


Data from the 1st polarized pp runs

Run all the time with vertical polarization polarization is too low to perform double spin No gluon information

Commission the detectors for polarized pp Cross section reference for pp and AA First measurements of L-R asymmetry at

root( s ) = 200GeV


PHENEIX 0 cross section

• Pt Spectrum over 108 magnitude

• NLO pQCD calculation– CTEQ5M pdf

– Potter-Kniehl-Kramer(PKK)

– fragmentation function = pT/2, pT, 2pT

• Consistent with data within the scale dependence.

PHENIX Preliminary

Normalization error of 30% not shown. MB trigger 2x2 trigger

pT dependent systematic error

Spin02 B.Fox (RBRC)QM02 H,Torii(Kyoto)PaNic02 Y. Goto(RIKEN)


PHENIX J/

µ+µ-e+e-

Br(J/l+l-) (total) = 226 36 (stat.) 79 (syst.) nb

(p+pJ/X) = 3.8 0.6 (stat.) 1.3 (syst.) µb

PHENIX Preliminary

Total Cross section vs. the Total Cross section vs. the Color-Evaporation Model predictionColor-Evaporation Model prediction

• CEM Parameters are fixed by fitting low energy data• The result agrees with the CEM prediction at s=200GeV

Spin02 H. Sato( Kyoto) Panic02 K.Ozawa(CNS)

Rapidity distribution compared Rapidity distribution compared with PHITHIA simulationwith PHITHIA simulation


Physics in AN (L-R Asymmetry)useful for local polarimeter for collision point

0 1 2 3 4 5

Rapidity

STARFPD

0o CAL

BBC

PHE

NIX

MU

ON

PHE

NIX

CE

NT

RA

L

STA

R T

PCpp2pp

E704 at Fermilab at s=20 GeV, pT=0.5-2.0 GeV/c: XF 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8PT

Models:: Transversity, Higher Twist,Fragmentation, kT, Orbital. Etc.


STAR Forward rapidity high xF 0 AN

xF ~ E / 100 GeV

STAR FPD Preliminary DataAssuming AN(CNI)= 0.013pT=1.1 - 2.5 GeV/c

0.0

0.2

0.4

-0.20 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

AN

Systematic uncertainty + － 0.05

0 at s 200p p X GeV 0 at s 20p p X GeV Theory predictions

at pT = 1.5 GeV/c

Collins effectAnselmino, et al.PRD 60 (1999) 054027. Sivers effectAnselmino, et al.Phys. Lett. B442 (1998) 470.

Twist 3 effectQiu and Sterman,Phys. Rev. D59 (1998) 014004.

Y.KoikePaNic02

Spin02 G.Rakness(IUCF)


Beam-Beam Counter (luminosity monitor)

PHENIX preliminary

(backward) (forward)

PHENIX-BBC|AN| < 0.3%: 3.0 - 3.9

PHENIX-BBC|AN| ~ 1%: 3.0 – 5.0

Asymmetry Measured by RHIC polarimeter


12 O‘clock（ local polarimeter for PHENIX)

EM Cal Base

PbWO4

Charge Veto

Neutron VetoHadron Cal Base

Pb

Scintillator

W+Fiber Cal

Post-shower

Spin02 Y.Fukao(Kyoto)Panic02 M.Togawa(Kyoto)

0


12 O’clock


Asymmetries (AN) seen

0 1 2 3 4 5

Rapidity

STARFPD

0o CAL

BBC

PHE

NIX

MU

ON

PHE

NIX

CE

NT

RA

L

STA

R T

PC

pp2pp

XF 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8PT

0

+10 ~ +20%

Charged+1%

Neutron -10%

-3%

0 <3%


Coming Run with longitudinal polarization

3pb-1,P=50%

W. Vogelsang

STAR JET

PHENIX Charged

G will be directly probed

expectations


Summary and Outlook• RHIC spin program has begun. We have a series of program over 5 ye

ars to go.• Y2001-2, The first polarized proton collision was successfully done w

ith transversely polarized beam, produced unexpected spin phenomena which may relate to unknown behavior of QCD (transversity etc)

• Y2002-3, The first measurements of helicity asymmetry will SOON be performed @200GeV. Sizable G generates surprises in the data.

• Y2003+, Statistics will be much improved @200GeV, ensuring the determination of G . “Spin Crisis” will hopefully be solved by then.

• Y2005+, Weak Bosons will be produced at RHIC, the NEW “flavor sensitive” tool for the anti-quark/quark polarization and unpolarized structure function of anti-quark measurements.

• And beyondbeyond…


Many Thanks To• RHIC Spin Collaboration (Spokesman: G. Bunce)

Spin physics is an integral part of the goals of the STAR, PHENIX and pp2pp experiments.

• RHIC Accelerator Spin Group(Spokesman:T.Roser, Project Manager: W.Mackay)

• RIKEN and RIKEN/BNL Research Center (Group Leaders: H. En’yo, G.Bunce,

N. Saito), Theory Group （ W.Vorgelsang et.al.)

• STAR Spin Physics Working Group (Conveners: L. Bland, G. Eppley)

• PHENIX Spin Physics Working Group (Conveners: Y. Goto, M. Perdekamp)

• pp2pp Experiment (Spokesman: W. Guryn)

• BNL Groups: RHIC Spin Group (Group Leader: G. Bunce);

• KEK Accelerator Group (Y. Mori et al.);

• Laboratory / University participation

Kyoto-U, TITech, ANL, IUCF, KEK and many others

.

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