tinnitus: characteristics, causes, mechanisms, and treatments clin neurol. 2009 march; 5(1):...
TRANSCRIPT
Tinnitus: Characteristics, Causes, Mechanisms, and Treatments
• Clin Neurol. 2009 March; 5(1): 11–19.• Published online 2009 March 31. doi:
10.3988/jcn.2009.5.1.11.• PMCID: PMC2686891• Copyright © 2009 Korean Neurological
Association• Byung In Han, MD,a Ho Won Lee, MD,b Tae You
Kim, MD,c Jun Seong Lim, MD,d and Kyoung Sik Shin, MDe
• Otologic causes – noise-induced hearing loss– Presbycusis– Otosclerosis– Otitis– impacted cerumen– sudden deafness–Meniere's disease
• Neurologic causes include – head injury– whiplash – multiple sclerosis– vestibular schwannoma (commonly called an
acoustic neuroma)– cerebellopontine-angle tumors.
• Infectious causes include– otitis media– sequelae of Lyme disease– meningitis– syphilis
• Tinnitus is also a side effect of some oral medications– Salicylates– nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs– aminoglycoside antibiotics– loop diuretics– chemotherapy agents (e.g., platins and
vincristine).
• Temporomandibular-joint dysfunction– Clicking types of objective tinnitus can be caused
by jaw joint misalignment (TMJ) problems or muscles of the ear or throat "twitching."
• dental disorders
– Pulsatile tinnitus is usually related to blood flow, either through normal or abnormal blood vessels near the ear.
– pregnancy, anemia (lack of blood cells), overactive thyroid, or tumors involving blood vessels near the ear.
– benign intracranial hypertension-an increase in the pressure of the fluid surrounding the brain.