tinnitus today june 1990 vol 15, no 2

7/30/2019 Tinnitus Today June 1990 Vol 15, No 2

1/19

BVGF 1==> PDIVJF 16) GVJKF[ ;\mggmtus \dlay\CF BDV[G AI D@ \CF AJ F[MOA G \MGGM\V_ A_ _DOMA\MDG+\d oarry dg agl suppdrt rfsfaroc agl fluoatmdgai aotmvmtmfs rfiatmge

td tcf trfatjfgt d` tmggmtus agl dtcfr lf`fots dr lmsfasfs d` tcf far'+

\DG] [AGLAII\F_\M@ MF_ @D[\MGGM\V_

\ MGG M\V_ AGLAJ^IM@MOA\MDG

ODEGM\MPF \CF[A^]UFFH*FGL UD[H_CD^

A PDIVG\FF[ % _^DMG\ D@ PMFU

DGF IM@F MG \CF LA]D@ \MGGM\V_

APMA\MDG CFAL_F\)AG\M*GDM_F\FOCGDIDE])_CDU ^[DJM_F


2/19

rfputatmdg

\wd gajfs ydu hgdw ydu oag trust'AOMMPAM['QLV[M%OF% )'' _duglIfalfrscmp M%J


3/19

Flmtdrmai agl alvfrtmsmge d``mofs2Ajfrmoag \mggmtus Assdomatmdg)^'D' Kdx 6 ^drtiagl) D[ =5;>5#6>?- ;5 #3>>*0?>> agguaiiy'\cf ûkimscfr rfsfrvfs tcf rmect tdrfbfot dr flmt agy jagusormptrfofmvfl `dr pukimoatmdg agl tdrfbfot agy alvfrtmsmge lffjfl ugsumtakif `dr \mggmtus \dlay' Aoofptagof d` alvfrtmsmge ky \mggmtus\dlay ldfs gdt odgstmtutf fgldrsfjfgt d` tcf alvfrtmsfr) mts prdluotsdr sfrvmofs) gdr ldfs \mggmtus\dlay jahf agy oiamjs dr euaragtffs as td tcf aoouraoy dr vaimlmty d`tcf alvfrtmsfr%s d``fr' \cf dpmgmdgsfxprfssfl ky Odgtrmkutdrs td \mggmtus \dlay arf gdt gfofssarmiytcdsfd` tcf ukimscfr) flmtdrs) sta``)dr alvfrtmsfrs'Ajfrmoag \mggmtusAssdomatmdg ms a gdg*prd`mt cujagcfaitc agl wfiàrf aefgoy uglfr ;0V_O 6>1 #o-#?-Odpyrmect 1==> ky Ajfrmoag \mggmtus Assdomatmdg' Gd part d` tcmspukimoatmdg jay kf rfprdluofl)stdrfl mg a rftrmfvai systfj) drtrajsjmgfl mg agy drj) dr ky agyjfags) wmtcdut tcf prmdr wrmttfgpfrjmssmdg d` cf ûkimscfr 'M__G2 >3=5*0?03

\MGGM\V_\DLA]

\cf Bdurgai d` tcf Ajfrmoag \mggmtus AssdomatmdgPdiujf 16 Gujkfr ; Bugf 1==>

ODG\FG\_

11

1?

10

AO`D[ \DG] [AGLAII \F_\M@MF_ @D[ \MGGM\V_Ky Eidrma F' [fmoc) ^c'L'\MGGM\V_ AGL AJÎM@MOA\MDGKy Jax Ocartragl) J' A'ODEGM\MPF \m``m[A^] UFFH*FGL UD[H_CD^Ky Ldgga_' Uaygfr) ^c'L'A PDIVG\FF[%_ DMG\ D@ PMFUKy Aglrfw U' Gfcfr) J' A'DGF IM@F MG \m``m LA] D@ \MGGM\V_Ky _ylgfy CugtAPMA\MDG CFAL_F\*AG\MGDM_F \FOCGDIDE]_CDU [DJM_F Ky Oim`` Odiimgs

[FEVIA[ @FA\V[F_1; Vpodjmge sfjmgars1< Kmkimderapcy _frvmof15 \rmkutfs) _pdgsdr Jfjkfrs1= Kddhs Avamiakif1= Agguai LdgatmdgsOdvfr pcdtd d`_fgatdr \djCarhmg)BA) \dgy [aglaii) agl Eidrma [fmoc)aglpcdtdsdg paefs ) kyLdgga Uaygfr)^cL'

?


4/19

A\A \F_\MJDG] KF@D[F \CF_FGA\F A^^[D^[MA\MDG_ _VKODJJM\\FF* JA[OC ;=)1==>Jr' Ocamrjag agl Odjjmttff Jfjkfrs2

Jy gajf ms Eidrma [fmoc agl M aj tcf FxfoutmvfLmrfotdr d` tcf Ajfrmoag \mggmtus Assdomatmdg' Mwduil imhf td tahf tcms dppdrtugmty td tcagh durvdiugtffr) Oari [dss) wcd cas wdrhfl wmtc ydurodjjmttff sta``) agl wmtc _fgatdr Jdygmcag aglcms sta`` td krmge us td tcms lay'

Lr' Eidrma [fmoc tfstm`mfs kf`drf tcf suk*odjjmttff'Dur spfomai eufst tdlay) \dgy [aglaii) casaohgdwiflefl cms dwg tmggmtus mg tcf jflmaaglcasprdvmlfl A\A wmtc ag fxofiifgt sfrmfs d` ûkimo_frvmof Aggdugofjfgts td cfip fluoatf tcf pukimoakdut tmggmtus' Cf wmii tfii ydu jdrf a`tfr wf imstfgkrmfìy td tcfsf sygtcfsmzfl sdugls d` tmggmtus'

\dgy [aglaii`diidws _fgatdr âui _mjdg'A\A cas kffg mg fxmstfgof smgof 1=51 aglcas kffg mgodrpdratfl smgof 1=5=' M cavf sffg tcfdreagmzatmdg erdw `rdj prdvmlmge sfrvmofs td 1;6pfdpif at tcf kfemggmge d` 1=50 td jdrf tcag156)>>> pfdpif tdlay' Jdrf tcag ?>)>>> pfdpif

jmiimdg pfdpif wcd cavf tmggmtus agl fspfomaiiy tcf1; jmiimdg pfdpif wcdsu``fr`rdj fvfrf tmggmtus)

M apprfomatf tcf dppdrtugmty td kf wmtc ydu tdlay tdscarf sdjf odgofrgs agl rfodjjfglatmdgs rfiatfltd tcf Gatmdgai Mgstmtutf dg Lfa`gfss agl DtcfrOdjjugmoatmdg Lmsdrlfrs #GMLOL-8 td tcf odstsd` tmggmtus td dur sdomfty) agl td tcf fluoatmdg agltrfatjfgt d` pfdpif wmtc tmggmtus agl dtcfr cfarmgelmsdrlfrs'

Uf hgdw agl apprfomatf tcf kuleftary odgstramgts aomge tcf gfwmgstmtutf agl tcf odjpftmtmdg`dr tcf avamiakif ùgls' \mggmtus ms prdkakiy tcfsmgeifjdst lmstrfssmge odglmtmdg assdomatfl wmtccfarmge idss agl yft mt ms pddriy uglfrstddl aglpddriy trfatfl' Fvfg mg tcf alvmsdry kdarls aglodugomis d` tcf gfw mgstmtutf tcfrf arf gd rfprfsfgtatmvfs wcdsf spfomaity ms tmggmtus'Kfoausf d` tcms idge cmstdry d` gfeifot agltcf lfspfratf gffl td +oatoc*up+) gdw ms tcf tmjf tdallrfss tcms mgvmsmkif) kut lmstrfssmge prdkifj' Ufuref ydu td apprdvf tcf ,106)>>>)>>> GMLOL

Odgtmgufl dg paef 6'


5/19

Odgtmgufl`rdj ^aef


6/19

Odgimgufl`rdjpaef 6'tmggmtus ms mgorfasmge'=-Mgmtmatf pukimo awarfgfss prderajs td odgtrdigdmsf fxpdsurf) partmouiariy lmrfotfl tdwarl tcfsocddi*aef pdpuiatmdg' ^rfvfgtmdg ms dur dgiywfapdg ugtmi wf cavf tcf akmimty td ourf tmggmtus' Mtms imhfiy tcat pfdpif wmii aiways kf a`ìmotfl wmtctmggmtus) tcf rfaimtmfs d` jdlfj im`f arf suoc tcatpfdpif oaggdt avdml fmtcfr gdmsf dr strfss) omroujstagofs wcmoc d`tfg ifal td tmggmtus' ^fdpifjust kf fluoatfl akdut tcf lajaef gdmsf oag ld'Ag astdgmscmge gujkfr d` jusmomags) dr fxajpif)arf gdw rfpdrtmge sfvfrf tmggmtus agl cfarmgelf`momts' Mglustry staglarls `dr gdmsf arf aisd mgalfquatf td prdtfot fars rfglfrfl sfgsmtmvf ky fgvmrdgjfgtai gdmsf fxpdsurf'

\mggmtus ms gdt odgsmlfrfl a im`f tcrfatfgmgeodglmtmdg' \cat statfjfgt ms d` imttif odj`drt td tcfsu``frfr wcd oag gd idgefr odgofgtratf at wdrh drjamgtamg pifasagt sdomai rfiatmdgscmps wmtc àjmiy)`rmfgls agl odiifaeufs' Mt ms d` fvfg ifss odj`drt tdtcf àjmiy d` a su``frfr wcd cas odjjmttfl sumomlfkfoausf d` tcf mgofssagt gdmsf'\cfrf arf dreagmzfl tmggmtus assdomatmdgs mg

' '''

Fgeiagl) Oagala) Austraima) Bapag) Efrjagy)_pamg) @ragof) Gfw Rfaiagl) Mtaiy) agl Msrafi) kutpfdpif rdj jdst odugtrmfs d` tcf wdril iddh td tcfV'_' `dr cfip agl hgdwiflef akdut tmggmtus rfimf`'\cf Vgmtfl _tatfs cas ag dppdrtugmty td fxtfgl mtsprffjmgfgof mg jflmoai rfsfaroc agl td cfipcujagmty ky sdivmge tcms prdkifj wcmoc cas kffgoaiifl tcf tcmrl wdrst tcmge tcat oag kfàiijaghmgl)tcf `mrst twd kfmge ugrfifgtmge pamg agllmzzmgfss'

îfasf cfip ky ùglmge tcfsf mjpdrtagtprderajs' \cagh ydu'

UF_V^^D[\

+OD^MGE UM\C \MGGM\V_++ _\[F__ JAGAEFJFG\ & \[FA\JFG\f \MGGM\V_ JAGAEFJFG\ M_ D@\FG

ODJÎMOA\FL K] AGSMF\] AGL _\[F__f GDU A VGMQVF OA__F\\F ^[DE[AJ M_

APAMIAKIF LF_MEGFL \D ^[DPMLF LAMI][FMG@D[OFJFG\ AGL _V^^D[\ @[DJ \CF_\[F__ D`% \MGGM\V_ UM\CDV\ ODJÎFSMG_\[VJFG\A\MDG & PAIVAKIF D@@MOF \MJF

\cfrf ms a erdwmge mgtfrfst mg psyocdidemoai jftcdls d` tmggmtusodgtrdi suoc as systfjatmo rfiaxatmdg prdoflurfs wcmoc cfip tcfpatmfgt odpf wmtc tcf tfgsmdg d` tmggmtus'_ukbfots wmtc tmggmtus arf kfmge tauect ways td rfiax as part d` atdtai tmggmtus prderaj wcmoc jay mgoiulf cfarmge amls) tmggmtusjashfrs agl prderfssmvf jusoif rfiaxatmdg kasfl dg prmgompifs dòdglmtmdgmge' [fiaxatmdg prdoflurfs arf usuaiiy fasmiy jastfrfl agl oag kf pfr`drjfl lamiy mg tcfpatmfgt%s cdjf fgvmrdgjfgt' Mt cas kffg lfjdgstratfl tcat tcf rfiaxatmdg rfspdgsf oag rfifasf jusoiftfgsmdg) idwfr kiddl prfssurf agl sidw cfart agl krfatc ratfs'A rfiaxatmdg jftcdl cas kffg lfvfidpfl fgtmtifl Jftrdgdjf Odglmtmdgfl [fiaxatmdg #JO[- wcmoccas suoofssùiiy trfatfl `dr jagy yfars ocrdgmo pamg) tfgsmdg cfalaocfs) mgsdjgma agl jagy dtcfrodglmtmdgs'\cf prderaj odgsmsts d` dgf oassfttf tapf d` Jftrdgdjf Odglmtmdgfl [fiaxatmdg agl twd allmtmdgaitapfs d` ugmquf jashmge sdugls wcmoc cavf lfjdgstratfl sukstagtmai kfgf`mt wcfgfvfr tcf patmfgtAA__DOBB7B`L %+%% tcd j l d` all8uddai oii99 \c9+ ++%++++% ag k9 u +l 1d Mgluf9 7ipide > ) ' ) a dddtcige~ ~ B A ~ kaohlrdp dr aotmvmty agl oag kf piayfl dg a smjpif pdrtakif oassfttf piayfr'AV' D[Lf[_ JV_\ sr 8 AOODJÂGmfL 0] 05=0 \ _\') V^^F[ LA[K]) Â 1=>3;OCr1Y PM_A' J A _ ~ ' D[ MG_\rrtjDGAI ^'D' ^cdgf #;16- 6;3*6;;;


7/19

\MGGM\V_ AGL AJÎM@MOA\MDGkyJax _' Ocartragl) J' A'

_tatfjfgt d` tcf ^rdkifjMt ms gdw fstmjatfl tcat ;>& d` tcf aluit V' _'

^dpuiatmdg fxpfrmfgofs sdjf lferff d` tmggmtus)fmtcfrdàg mgtfrjmttfgtdr odgstagt gaturf' D` tcfsfpfdpif akdut ;>& su``fr sfvfrf tmggmtus agl d`tfgrfqumrf prd`fssmdgai cfip'

\ahmge mgtd aoodugt tcat tcfsf meurfs mgoiulfaii typfs d` tmggmtus mgvdivmge kdtc gdrjai cfarmgeagl cfarmge mjpamrfl pdpuiatmdgs) mt just kf gdtfltcat tcf array d` trfatjfgt prdtdodis utmimzfl tdlaydg tcf efgfrai tmggmtus pdpuiatmdg jay gdt kf su``momfgt mg f``fotmvfiy jfftmge tcf gffls d` tcf jdrfgarrdwfl erdup tcat ms mg odgtaot wmtc tcf sfrvmofsd` tcf cfarmge aml lmspfgsfr'@dr mgstagof) m` wf wfrf td tahf a sajpimged` tcf pdssmkif oausfs d` tmggmtus mg tcf efgfraipdpuiatmdg) wf wduil `mgl a wmlf array d`pcysmdidemoai) gfurdidemoai) agl psyocdidemoaijagm`fstatmdgs2 `ddl agl mgcaiagt aiifremfs) cypfrtfgsmdg) tdxmomty) vasouiar odgstrmotmdgs) aiodcdimsj) agl lfprfssmdg) td gajf a fw' Cdwfvfr)tmggmtus su``frfrs wcd arf odjjdgiy mg tcf oarf d`tcf prmvatf praotmof cfarmge aml lmspfgsfr jagm`fstjdrf sfifotmvf oatfedrmfs dòausfs) prmjarmiy tcdsfrfsuitmge rdj fpmtcfimai atrdpcy #prfskyousms- aglgdmsf lajaef' Cfarmge mjpamrfl patmfgts fxcmkmtmgepuisatmif) spasjdlmo) dr vasouiar tmggmtus efgfraiiyàii mgtd tcf jflmoai rfaij'

Lurmge a sfvfg*yfar stuly d` tmggmtus mg oasfsd` cfarmge aml usfrs wmtc sfgsdrmgfurai idssfsagl$drprfskyousms) sfvfrai+odjjdg tcrfals+ wfrf`dugl td lfsormkf tcfmr tmggmtus odjpiamgts' \cfyodjpiamgfl d` varymge lferffs d` mgtfgsmty) `rdjjmil td sfvfrf) agl wmtc lfsormptmdgs d` tcf aotuaisdugl d` tcf tmggmtus suoc as +rmgemge+) +cmssmge+)+`rymge+) +kuzzmge+) +smrfgs+) agl sd `drtc' Ky tcftralmtmdgai lf`mgmtmdg d` tmggmtus tcfsf oasfs wduilkf oiassm`mfl as sukbfotmvf tmggmtus #m'f' gdt cfarl drdksfrvfl ky agy kut tcf su``frfr-' _fvfrai pdmgts d`tcfsms wfrf arrmvfl at lurmge tcf odursf d` cms stulytcat wf `ffi jay kf d` smegm`moagt mgtfrfst td tcfprd`fssmdgai lmspfgsfr'

5

Cfarmge aml lmspfgsfrs jay jdrf tcdrdueciyfvaiuatf a patmfgt%s tmggmtus `rdj a oarfùiiy tahfgoasf cmstdry) tmggmtus +jatocmge+ prdoflurfs#jatocmge pmtoc) mgtfgsmty) agl typf d` sdugl- usmgeaulmdjftrmo fqumpjfgt agl spfomaimzfl tmggmtusagaiyzfrs) agl ofrtamg dksfrvatmdgs lurmge tfstmgeagl mttmge d` cfarmge mgstrujfgts dr tmggmtus mgstrujfgts' Odjparmge ^dpuiatmdgs

\mggmtus su``frfrs mg efgfrai agl tcf cfarmgemjpamrfl pdpuiatmdg sfrvfl ky tcf cfarmge aml lmspfgsfr lm``fr mg jagy rfspfots' \cdsf patmfgtswmtcdut cfarmge mjpamrjfgt cavf kfgf`mttfl rdj avarmfty dàpprdaocfs' Cddvfr # 1=35-rfpdgfl5 0&d` patmfgts mg cfr stuly td cavf tmggmtus rfiatfl tdaiifremfs' Cdusf agl Bdcgsdg #1=5=- rfpdgfl sukstagtmai suoofss utmimzmge kmd`fflkaoh agl tmggmtusjashfrs' Jarocmagld ft ai # 1=3?- rfpdrt suoofssùiprdoflurfs td rfimfvf stapflmai spasjs aotmvatfl kygdmsf' Arfgkfre agl Kaihagy #1=5=- cavflfsormkfl fiakdratf jflmoai prdoflurfs `dr vasouiarpuisatmif tmggmtus' _tmii dtcfrs rfpdrt trfatjfgts`dr tmggmtus rfiatmge td tfgsmdg) mgbury) tujdrs) aglmg`fotmdg'

\cf cfarmge aml usfr wcd ms sffg mg a rfeuiarcfarmge aml lmspfgsfr praotmof rarfiy odjpiamgs d`tcfsf odglmtmdgs' At tcf ifast) mt was `dugl mg durstuly tcat wcfg agy d` tcfsf odglmtmdgs wfrf dksfrvfl lurmge tcf gdrjai odursf d` lmspfgsmge aotmvmtmfs) tcf patmfgt was mjjflmatfiy rf`frrfl `drjflmoai fvaiuatmdg'

[fpdrts dg Cfarmge AmlsPfrgdg #1=55- rfpdrtfl tcf rfimf`d` tmggmtus

tcrduec tcf usf d` cfarmge amls) agl Cdusf aglBdcgsdg #1=5=- rfpdrtfl +mg patmfgts wmtc cfarmgeidss wcdsf ocmf` odjpiamgt ms tmggmtus) tcf usf d`cfarmge amls oag kf lrajatmo'+ Mglffl) `rdj tcfmrtwd*yfar stuly d` patmfgts wcd wfrf rf`frrfl aglsuksfqufgtiy mttfl wmtc cfarmge amls) 53& rfpdrtflsdjf lferff d` rfimf` rdj tcfmr tmggmtus'

Gujfrdus dtcfr rfpdrts cavf jfgtmdgfl tcff``fotmvfgfss d` cfarmge amls `dr ofrtamg erdups d`cfarmge mjpamrfl tmggmtus su``frfrs) kut mt ms fvmlfgt`rdj rfvmfwmge tcf imtfraturf tcat tcfrf ms stmii a iaohd` mg`drjatmdg akdut tcf f``fots d` cfarmge amls dg

Odgtmgufl dg paef 3'


8/19

Odgtmgufl`rdjpaef 5'tmggmtus) dr systfjatmo) yft praotmoai) jftcdlswcfrfky tcf lmspfgsfr jay dksfrvf tcf f``fots dàjpim`moatmdg dg tcf tmggmtus) partmouiariy wcfg tcfprfsormptmdg `drjuia d` tcf omroumtry was amjfl atodrrfotmdg d` cfarmge mjpamrjfgt' \cfrf`drf) durjamg `dous was updg tcdsf tmggmtus su``frfrs wmtcaoodjpagymge sfgsdrmgfurai idss dr prfskyousmsagl tcf f``fots d``mttmge cfarmge amls td tcf a``fotflfar#s-'

\mggmtus agl Cfarmge Aml VsfrsA sajpif d` jdrf tcag ;>>> cfarmge amlusfr rfodrls wfrf usfl as a rfsdurof `dr dur stuly'@rdj tcfsf) 1>> wfrf lfsmegatfl as tcf `douserdup) wmtc aefs ragemge `rdj ;;*=5 yfars' _fvfgpfrofgt d` tcf `dous erdup cal odgluotmvf idssfsagl tcf rfjamgmge =?& fxcmkmtfl jmxfl agl sfgsdrmgfurai mjpamrjfgts' \cms rfprfsfgts a àmr sajpimge d` wcat wf kfimfvf ms a typmoai cfarmge amllmspfgsmge praotmof oimfgtfif pdpuiatmdg'âtmfgt rfpdrts rfearlmge tmggmtus wfrf dktamgfl `rdj kdtc wrmttfg agl vfrkai oasf cmstdrmfsmjjflmatfiy kf`drf agl lurmge tcf rdutmgf cfarmgefvaiuatmdg' Lfsormptmdgs d` cf tmggmtus wfrf urtcfrsukstagtmatfl) wcfrf pdssmkif) ky a jatocmge prdoflurf `dr pmtoc) kaglwmltc) agl mgtfgsmty d` tcftmggmtus as oidsfiy as pdssmkif usmge purf*tdgfs)garrdw*kagl) agl wmlf*kagl gdmsf dg a twd ocaggfi aulmdjftfr' Dut d` tcf jmxfl agl sfgsdrmgfuraioasfs 66& rfpdrtfl tmggmtus mg tcf `diidwmgeoatfedrmfs'\AKIF M _FI@ [F^D[\_ D@ \MGGM\V_AGL AVLMDJF\F[ ODJÂ[M_DG^frofgtaef Lfsormptmdg Aulmdjftfr [agef d`d` erdup d` tmggmtus Odjparmsdg @rfqufgomfs0?& +[mgemge+ ûrf*tdgf 1'6*3H Cz';5& +Kuzzmge+ Garrdw*kagl '6?*?HCz'11& +ûisatmge+ Umlf*kagl G$A5& +Ormohfts+ Garrdw*kagl 1H*


9/19

Odgtmgufl`rdjpaef 3'cfarmge idss aoodjpagmfl wmtc tmggmtus agl tcff``fots d` cfarmge aml usf' Mg part tcf rfpdrt statfl)+ ''' jagy d` tcf patmfgts wmtc ugrfifgtmge tmggmtuscavf a cmec*tdgf sfgsdrmgfurai cfarmge idss '' wcfgcfarmge amls wfrf trmfl) tcf tmggmtus agl cfarmgeakmimty mjprdvfl'+

Vsmge tcf `dous erdup d` cfarmge aml usfrs)a jftcdl d` agaiysms was lfvfidpfl `dr jatocmgetcf tmggmtus agl mlfgtm`ymge mts mgtfgsmty usmge staglarl aulmdjftrmo fqumpjfgt' Dgof tcf kaglwmltcwas mlfgtm`mfl agl apprdxmjatfl td a garrdw*kagld` gdmsf dr purf*tdgf) tfg sfodgls d` garrdw*kaglgdmsf at 1>*;> lK akdvf tcrfscdil was prfsfgtfl)prfoflfl ky mgstruotmdg emvfg td tcf patmfgt td mglmoatf wcftcfr tcf tmggmtus was sd`tfr) idulfr) drodjpiftfiy aksfgt a`tfr tcf stmjuiatmdg was tfrjmgatfl' _djftmjfs) kfoausf d` lm``mouity mg odjjugmoatmge tcfsf mgstruotmdgs) tcf tfst wduil kfrfpfatfl'

M ` tcf patmfgt mglmoatfl tcat tcfmr tmggmtuswas juoc sd`tfr dr aksfgt a`tfr stmjuiatmdg wmtcgarrdw*kagl gdmsf) tcfy wfrf mgstruotfl td gdtm`yus m` agl wcfg tcf tmggmtus oajf kaoh td mts drmemgaimgtfgsmty' @urtcfr) gdtatmdgs wfrf jalf dg tcffvaiuatmdg `drj mg rfearl td mgtfgsmty) kaglwmltc)agl pdssmkif rfsmluai mgcmkmtmdg as a rfsuit d`jashmge stmjuiatmdg' At tmjfs) wmlf*kagl gdmsf wasusfl mg piaof d` tcf garrdw*kagl stmjuius'

_fvfgty*dgf pfrofgt d` tcdsf tfstflrfpdrtfl a ifssfgmge d` mgtfgsmty as a rfsuit d` tcf1>*sfodgl stmjuiatmdg' \cmrty pfrofgt d` tcat erduprfpdrtfl tcf tmggmtus was aksfgt `dr tcf rfjamglfrd` tcf fvaiuatmdg' Allmtmdgaiiy) ;5& d` aii tcdsfrfpdrtmge tmggmtus rfpdrtfl +gd ocagef+ rfsuitmge`rdj tcf stmjuiatmdgprdoflurf) agl ;& rfpdrtfl agmgorfasf mg tcf tmggmtus'

^dst*`mttmge fvaiuatmdgs efgfraiiy a``mrjfltcf mgmtmai fxpfotatmdgs dr tcf cfarmge mgstrujfgtsdg tcf tmggmtus odglmtmdg' Mg sujjary) wf a``mrjwcat dtcfr mgvfstmeatdrs cavf airfaly asofrtamgfl2cfarmge aml usf cas kffg dugl td kf a vfry f``fotmvf+jashfr+ d` tmggmtus `dr pfdpif fxcmkmtmge cfarmgemjpamrjfgt' Cdwfvfr) tcf jashmge f``fot ms dgiyavamiakif lurmge aotuai wfarmge d` tcf mgstrujfgts'

=

\mggmtus agl Cfarmge Aml [fspdgsfAs gdtfl farimfr) rfspdgsf ragef d` cfarmgeamls d`tfg cas a lmrfot f``fot dg tmggmtus' Odgoiusmvflata ms gdt yft avamiakif) kut dur `mglmges mglmoatfsfvfrai `aotdrs'1' \cf jashmge f``fot d` cfarmge amls waspartmouiariy prdgdugofl wcfg idw*`rfqufgoy

ajpim`moatmdg #1>>*_DDCz- was prfsfgt mg tcf cfarmge aml';' \mggmtus akdvf 0H Cz rarfiy fxcmkmtflagy mgcmkmtmdg `rdj tcf usf d` cfarmge amls'?' \cf stmjuiatmvf f``fots d` cfarmge amlsoduil kfst kf prflmotfl as a rfsuit d` tcf garrdwkagl tfst wcfg tcf tmggmtus ofgtfrfl ardugl 6>>Cz*;>>>Cz'


10/19

ODEGM\MPF \CF[A^] @D[\MGGM\V_2 A UFFH*FGL UD[H_CD^MG AIKAG]) G]Ldgga_' Uaygfr) ^c'L'

@uglmge rfofmvfl `rdj tcf Ajfrmoag \mggmtus Assdomatmdg mg ^drtiagl) Drfedg was jalf tdLr' Ldgga_' Uaygfr at tcf Cfarmge [fcakmimtatmdgOfgtfr at Aikagy Jflmoai Ofgtfr mg Aikagy) Gfw]drh agl Lr' [mocarl Caiiajd` tcf [dyai Gatmdgai\crdat) Gdsf agl Far Cdspmtai mg Idgldg) Fgeiagltd odgluot a oimgmoai stuly fgtmtifl +Odegmtmvf\cfrapy `dr \mggmtus+' Ag mgtfgsmvf Odegmtmvf\cfrapy Uffh*fgl Udrhscdp was cfil dg Aprmi0)5 agl 3 at tcf @ragomsoag Ofgtfr) _t' Agtcdgy*dgCulsdg mg [fgssfiafr) Gfw ]drh' A erdup d` sfvfgpartmompagts `rdj aordss Gfw ]drh _tatf agl ^fggsyivagma wmtc sfvfrf tmggmtus wfrf sfifotfl td partmompatf' Lr' [dkfrt Bdcgsdg) `rdj tcf DrfedgCfarmge [fsfaroc Ofgtfr) wcd aisd ms Ocamrjag d`tcf Ajfrmoag \mggmtus Assdomatmdg bdmgfl tcf erdupas ag dksfrvfr'

@aomimtatdrs dÒdegmtmvf \cfrapy Uffh*fgl UdrhscdpJfftmge rdj @rmlay fvfgmge tcrduec _uglay a`tfrgddg) tcf fssfgtmais d` odegmtmvf tcfrapywfrf fxpiamgfl agl lmrfotfl tdwarls mgorfasmgeuglfrstaglmge d` cdw a pfrsdg%s kfimf`s jmectoausf juoc d` tcf lmstrfss tcat tmggmtus su``frfrsfxpfrmfgof' \focgmqufs wfrf rfvmfwfl td cfip

1>

rfluof tcms ky appiymge ag apprdprmatf ocaiifgefd`tcfsf kfimf`s) rfpiaomge tcfj wmtc jdrf rfaimstmo aglifss `farùi attmtulfs' [dif*piaymge aotmvmtmfs aglrfiaxatmdg tcfrapy wfrf usfl'

ârtmompagts mg Odegmtmvf \cfrapy Uffh*fgl Udrhscdp\cf trfatjfgt prdofss ldfs gdt aitfr tcftmggmtus) kut ldfs cfip td krmge akdut a lm``frfgt

ifvfidùglfrstaglmge agl odpmge akmimty ajdge tcfpartmompagts' Dgf partmompagt rfpdrtfl tcat tcfwdrhscdp aiidwfl cmj td vfrkaimzf cms lffpfst`fars agl cfipfl cmj td rfaimzf tcat tcfy arf odjjdg td jdst tmggmtus su``frfrs' Agdtcfr saml tcat tcfjdst mjpdrtagt part d` tcf wdrhscdp was tcat mtaiidwflcmj td idsf sdjfd`cms far d` tmggmtus' \cferdup fxpfrmfgof was fspfomaiiy kfgf`momai td aiiwcd partmompatfl mg tcat mt prdvmlfl jutuai suppdrt)a``fotmdg) rfspfot agl jdst mjpdrtagtiy cdpf'

#cB

Ajfrmoag \mggmtus Assdomatmdgms a partmompagt mg tcfOdjkmgfl @flfrai Oajpameg/>61< mg tcf O@O Krdocurf

\cagh ]du @dr Cfipmge\d @mect \mggmtus


11/19

A PDIVG\FF[%_ DMG\ D@ PMFUkyAglrfw Gfcfr) Aptds) Oaim`drgma

M aj a rfiatmvf gfwodjfr td A\A**agl tdtmggmtus) agl M%vf kffg lmsjayfl) as jdst tmggmtussu``frfrs prdkakiy cavf kffg) td ifarg d` tcf +drpcag+ status d` tmggmtus' Mg spmtf d` tcf àot tcat mtlmsrupts jmiimdgs d` imvfs) tmggmtus sffjs rfiatmvfiygfeifotfl ky tcf jflmoai prd`fssmdg) uglmge aefgomfs) agl dtcfr erdups as M wmii fxpiamg kfidw'

@dr fxajpif) M ifargfl) `rdj jatfrmais ùr*gmscfl ky A \A) tcat ocrdgmo tmggmtus odjjdgiyrfsuits `rdj fxofssmvf gdmsf fxpdsurf' Gdw M hgfwtcat gdmsf fxpdsurf oduil prdluof cfarmge idss) aglfvfg tfjpdrary tmggmtus' Kut sdjfcdw M cal gfvfrifargfl tcat gdmsf fxpdsurf oduil ifal td ocrdgmotmggmtus yfars a`tfr tcf àot' M ` M cal hgdwg tcms) Mprdkakiy wduil cavf ldgf jdrf td prdtfot jy fars`rdj gdmsf #tcf cmec `rfqufgoy cfarmge idss tcattypmoaiiy rfsuits M was wmiimge td rmsh) kut M w d u ~ lgdt cavf hgdwmgeiy rmshfl tmggmtus-' Oduil tcmsmg`drjatmdg kf mg efgfrai omrouiatmdg) yft M calsdjfcdw àmifl td rug aordss mt4 _d M lfomlfl td lda survfy d` cfaitc fluoatmdg jatfrmais) `rdjfifjfgtary td eraluatf socddi ifvfi) agl**id aglkfcdil**! lmsodvfrfl tcat) wcmif aijdst aiijatfrmais jfgtmdgfl cfarmge idss as a pdssmkif odgsfqufgof d` gdmsf fxpdsurf) aijdst gdgf jfgtmdgfl tcf rmsh d` tmggmtus' Gd wdglfr M cal gfvfrcfarl d` mt8 dgf d` tcf jdst mjpdrtagt) prfvfgtakifoausfs d` tmggmtus was kfmge hfpt a +sforft'+\cf upscdt was tcat) wmtc tcf oddpfratmdg dÀ\A) ifttfrs wfrf sfgt td apprdxmjatfiy drty pukimscfrs d` akdut fmecty cfaitc fluoatmdg tfxts) mg`drjmge tcfj d` tcms dvfrsmect agl mgoiulmgejatfrmais tcfy jmect wmsc td mgodrpdratf mg tcf gfxtflmtmdg d` tcfmr tfxtkddhs'_mgof jy oarffr `mfil ms jflmoai psyocdidey)tcms f``drt was a +gaturai+ `dr jf' Kut tcfg mt doourrfl td jf tcat) ajdge A\A Gfwsifttfr rfalfrs)tcfrf arf prdkakiy pfdpif mg dtcfr mfils wcd oduiljahf a odgtrmkutmdg td +sdivmge+ tcf prdkifj d`tmggmtus' M oag tfii ydu rdj jy dwg fxpfrmfgof tcat+ldmge sdjftcmge+ tcat jmect cavf sdjf mjpaot dg

tcf prdkifj ms PF[] eddl tcfrapy) odjparfl wmtcsmttmge ardugl `ffimge `rustratfl' @dr fxajpif21' Uf gdw hgdw tcat tmggmtus ms efgfraiiy

gfeifotfl mg cfaitc fluoatmdg jatfrmais tcat rfaoctcf efgfrai pukimo' Arf tcfrf cfaitc fluoatdrsajdge Gfwsifttfr rfalfrs wcd oduil ld sdjffluoatmdgai wdrh wmtcmg tcfmr gatmdgai agl rfemdgaidreagmzatmdgs4 A\A wduil kf eial td cfip ydu mgtcfsf f``drts';' Emvfg tcat tmggmtus rfsfaroc ms uglfrùglfl) wcat f``drts oag kf jalf td mgorfasf uglmge4 Ucd ajdge Gfwsifttfr rfalfrs cavfodggfotmdgs wmtc `duglatmdgs) edvfrgjfgt aefgomfs) ifemsiaturfs) fto' tcat jahf lfomsmdgs rfearlmgeeragts `dr jflmoai rfsfaroc4 ^frcaps tcfy oduilalvmsf tcf rfst d` us odgofrgmge f``fotmvf pdimtmoaiaotmdg aidge tcfsf imgfs'?' Jdst su``frfrs prdkakiy arf ugàjmimarwmtc tcf ifeai pmoturf wmtc rfearl td pdssmkif odjpfgsatmdg `dr tmggmtus rfsuitmge `rdj) f'e') gdmsywdrhmge odglmtmdgs) dr rdoh odgofrts) dr lrues tcatiaoh apprdprmatf wargmge iakfis' A Gfwsifttfrrfalfr wcd ms aisd ag attdrgfy jmect wrmtf ag artmoifmg`drjmge us d` tcfsf pdssmkmimtmfs'


12/19

Odgtmgufl rdj âef MM'tcat) m ` tcf #sjaii- arfas d` odgfx mgvdivfl mg tcfpfrofptmdg d` garrdw*kagl tmggmtus wfrf rfjdvfl)tcf pfrofptmdg d` tmggmtus wduil ofasf' @dr fxajpif) wcat cavf surefdgs gdtmofl odgofrgmge tcff``fot dg tmggmtus d` ifsmdgs dr tujdrs mg tcf tfjpdrai #cfarmge- rfemdg4 Dr odgofrgmge tcf f``fot dgtmggmtus d` suremoai rfjdvai dàrfas d` tcf tfjpdraiodgfx4 Vglfrstaglakiy) `fw fxpfrmjfgtai latafxmst odgofrgmge tcfsf mssufs8 cfgof tcf mjpdrtagofd` oimgmoai fxpfrmfgof' Agl) m ` kramg surefry mstcfdrftmoaiiy fasmkif as a ourf dr tmggmtus) wcat arftcf praotmoai lm``mouitmfs mgvdivfl4Mglffl) tmggmtus ms ag drpcag) tdd d`tfggfeifotfl ky tcf jflmoai prd`fssmdg agl dtcfrs' Ufcavf a ocdmof' Uf oag fmtcfr smt ardugl lmsoduraefl) dr wf oag pddi dur f``dgs td cfip tmggmtusrfofmvf tcf attfgtmdg mt truiy lfsfrvfs'

_d) m` ydu cavf sdjftcmge td odgtrmkutf)aidge tcfsf dr dtcfr imgfs) wrmtf agl iftA\A hgdw'\deftcfr wf oag jahf a lm``frfgof'ik

VGLF[_\AGLMGE AGL \[FA\MGE\MGGM\V_2 _FJMGA[ _F[MF_

A\A ms prfsfgtmge a sfrmfs d` prd`fssmdgaisfjmgars td prdvmlf usfùi mg`drjatmdg akdut tmggmtus td tcdsf cavmge prd`fssmdgai agl oimgmoai mgtfrfst mg mts oausf agl trfatjfgt' \cfsf sfjmgarsprfsfgt a kasmo odrf d` hgdwiflef pfrjmttmge tcfcfarmge cfaitc prd`fssmdgai td odgstruot dr rfodjjfgl ag f``fotmvf patmfgt jagaefjfgt prderajwcmoc kfst jffts tcf gffls d` tcdsf sfrvfl'\cf sfjmgars arf kfmge cfil at varmdus idoatmdgs' \cf gfxt socfluifl sfjmgar wmii kf mgOcmoaed) \mimgdms dg Dotdkfr 1;*1?) 1==>'Odgtmgumge fluoatmdg orflmt `rdj A_CA)GCA_) agl statf fxajmgmge kdarls ms avamiakif'Faoc sfjmgar iasts a lay agl a cai`' \umtmdg ms,16>'>> wcmoc mgoiulfs ag fxtfgsmvf syiiakus'îfasf wrmtf dr oaii `dr ùrtcfr mg`drjatmdg'A\A) ^' >' Kdx 6) ^drtiagl) D[ =5;>5' #6>?-;


13/19

DGF IM@F MG \CF LA] D@ \MGGM\V__yl Cugt) Krmtmsc Pmremg Msiagls

A`tfr fvfry jflmomgf #odgvfgtmdgai)cdjfdpatcmo) Ocmgfsf-8 a`tfr cfrks) aoupugoturf)OA\ soag) spmgai tap) kfmge prayfl dvfr)psyocdsygtcfsms) @filfghrams) jflmtatmdg) ydea)\%am Ocm2 jy tmggmtus dgiy wdrsfgfl dvfr tcf yfars'Umtc lmfts imhf a odgtfst kftwffg Lavms agl rmtmhmg`dr +@mrst iaof+ mg dreagmo Odrldg Kifu) M%vf edgftcf rdutf d` tdtai oifagimgfss sd d`tfg jy imvfr)hmlgfys) eaiikiallfr) spiffg) iuges arf sd scmgyoifag `ddl gffls larh eiassfs `dr tcf trmp'

M%j 3>) a paraedg d` efrmatrmo cfaitc wmtckiddl prfssurf 11> dvfr 5>) puisf 66) tfjpfraturf=5 3' M stmii cavf \MG!_djf jdrgmges M wahf td im`f kustmge td eftedmge' Dg dtcfr jdrgmges) ky àr tcf jdst) tcfrf mtms airfaly mgstaiifl) a kuzzmge) wcffzmge) a jmgl

odgsujmge lfjdg mg jy cfal' M aj tmrfl kf`drf Meft up' Lmzzy) stujkimge mgtd ùrgmturf) M `ffigausfatfl kut mt ms lry cfavfs) gdtcmge odjfs up'Ld M `ffi cdrrmkif kfoausf M cavf tmggmtus drld M cavf tmggmtus kfoausf M ffi cdrrmkif4 Ms tmggmtusa syjptdj) a oausf) dr a oursf4 \mggmtus cas ydu']du ldg%t cavf tmggmtus'

Mt odjfs agl edfs mrratmdgaiiy) wmtcdut wargmge kut aiways wmtc tcrfat tcat mt jay stay `drfvfr'Jy jflmoai rfodrl d` tmggmtus edfs kaoh `drjdrf tcag ;> yfars' Akdut smx yfars aed M kfoajf`rmfgls wmtc tcrff ldotdrs' Faoc sfparatfiy eavf jfcms tmjf kfoausf M wduil hffp a lmary) wrmtf lftamiflrfpdrts agl stay wmtc tcf prdbfot tmii tcf fgl' A`tfryfars d` trymge) faoc odgoiulfl mglfpfglfgtiy) tcattcf sdurof just imf mg tcf odgstagt tfgsmdg mg jygfoh outtmge d`` kiddl td a part d` jy cfal' M lmlgdt hgdw jy gfoh cal kffg tfgsf'

\mggmtus usfl td kf dooasmdgai sdugls) jdstiymg jy fars' \wmof M bujpfl rdj kfl agl rag td tcfpcdgf) aiarjfl tcat agy dgf scduil kf pcdgmge mgtcf jmllif d` tcf gmect) dgiy td rfaimzf tcat M cal gdpcdgf' \cms was a kmttfr tmjf d` im`f wcfg M wasjalf wmldwfr a sfodgl tmjf' M strueeifl aidgf td`mgmsc a cdusf M gd idgefr wagtfl' \cms was wcfg M

1?

startfl td wdglfr cdw kal oduil tcf gdmsfs kfodjf4 Cdw idge wduil tcfy iast4 Uduil M fgl mgag asyiuj4Dvfr tcf yfars tcf gdmsfs cavf sfmzfl jywcdif cfal) lay agl gmect' \cfy jay lmf ldwgwcmif M aj wdrhmge carl) dr dtcfrwmsf aj pifasagtiy dooupmfl) dr mt jay kf tcat M ld gdt tcfg stay

awarf d` tcfj dr tcfy odjf aeamg fspfomaiiy wcfgM imf ldwg' M try td stay uprmect ugtmi M lrdp kfoausfm` M imf ldwg \CF \MG wmii orawi mgtd jy cfal)tcrfatfgmge td rfjamg `drfvfr'

Jy `mrst spfom`mo oiuf td tcf tfgsmdg oajf`rdj a _wflmsc jassfusf' _cf tdil jf td rdii dvfràof ldwg' Mjjflmatfiy scf fxoiamjfl) +Ucy _yl)tcat %s `far!+ Cdw scf oduil iddh at tcf kaoh d` jygfoh agl rfal +`far+ M stmii ldg%t hgdw' \cf ldotdrsaerffl tcat tmggmtus was gdt a oausf' Mt was asyjptdj' \cf tfgsmdg was gdt a oausf fmtcfr'_djftcmge was kasmo td tcf tfgsmdg' M ifargfl tcatmg Fgeiagl tcfy jamgtamg dgiy dgf oausf dr tmggmtus*** agxmfty' Agxmfty) wdrry) lrfal) tcfy arf aiiàofts d` `far) dgf d` dur twd fifjfgtai fjdtmdgs'M gd idgefr rfbfot agy prdpdsai) kut far wascarl td aoofpt' Idge aed M ordssfl Furdpf aglGdrtc A`rmoa trymge td dut*Caimkurtdg Caimkurtdg2lmvmge d`` oim``s) pcdtderapcmge a `drkmllfgjdsquf) kfmge ocasfl aordss rdd` tdps ky a emagtArak wmtc a iaref hgm`f8 ìffmge Agldrra uglfriueeaef dg tdp d` a kus bust kf`drf tcf `mrst kdjksd` tcf _pagmsc Omvmi Uar' ^cysmoai lagefrs cavfaiways kffg `dr jf +alvfgturfs'+ @far cal td tahfdg a lm``frfgt lf`mgmtmdg'\cf \%am Ocm agl ydea cfipfl jf td kfodjfjdrf dkbfotmvf akdut jysfi`) td odjjugmoatf wmtcjy parts' A`tfr a idt d` trymge M cavf kfodjf dkbfotmvf akdut fjdtmdgai rfaotmdgs' Ucfg M wduil rfaoc`dr jy waiift dg tcf lrfssfr agl mt was gdt tcfrf)jy im`f*idge rfaotmdg usfl td kf +Dc Edl! A pmohpdohft!+ @dr tcf pcdgf at gmect) jy rfaotmdg was+Ucmoc dgf4 Ucmoc ocmil cas kffg curt4+ Cdwfvfr) dgof M kfoajf ùiiy) cdgfstiy awarf d` tcms`far pattfrg M rfodegmzfl mt `dr cakmtuatfl `far'@uii*kidwg) kfiiy oiutocmge `far wmtcdut bustm`moatmdg' M aljmttfl td jysfi` M was a `far allmot' Bustas allmotfl agl mg tcf idge rug aijdst as lfstruotmvfas agy dtcfr hmgl d` allmotmdg' M oduil tcfg pausf

Odgtmgufldg âef 1


14/19

Odgtmgufl`rdjâef 1?'agl aoousf jysfi`d`gdt fvfg iddhmge dr wcatfvfrwas tcf prdkifj' +Iddh rrst) `far iatfr'+ [fpfatfliy M `dugl jy waiift mg yfstfrlay%s pagts' M wduiljahf jysfi` gujk idge fgduec td agswfr tcfpcdgf* agl rfofmvf a idvmge àjmiy oaii' Efttmgeodgtrdi dvfr far was fasmfr tcag M cal agtmompatfl'\cf rfwarl cas kffg a juoc cappmfr im f'Kut M stmii cavf tmggmtus'A rfofgt mgomlfgt cas scdwg jf cdw lmvfrsfarf cmllfg fars' @dr twfivf yfars M cal kffg ugakiftd ld tcf mgvfrtfl pdsturf mg ydea2 staglmge dg tcfgfoh agl scduilfrs wcmif tcf ifes arf strftocflstramect up' M was odgvmgofl M cal a wfah kaoh'\cfrf was tcf lagefr d` krfahmge jy gfoh' A `fwwffhs aed M was sd rdoh*kdttdj lfprfssfl wmtctmggmtus tcat) as M iay dg tcf jat) tcf tcduect oajftd jf' Ucat m ` ld krfah jy gfoh4 Mt wmii kf qumoh'Msg%t tcat wcy M aj tcmghmge d` kuymge a eug4 Mg tcatjdjfgt d` akagldg) M tcrfw jy ifes mgtd tcf amr)kaiagofl pfr`fotiy dg jy scduilfrs) tcfg rdiifl dutsidwiy' \cf tfaocfr stddl dvfr jf `dr a jdjfgt'+Gdtcmge wrdge wmtc ydur kaoh)+ cf saml' +@drtwfivf yfars ydu%vf kffg a`raml'+ Jy kaoh `faroajf drmemgaiiy `rdj a ldotdr wcd rfal a spmgaix*ray agl saml! cal tcf wdrst kaoh cf cal fvfr sffg'+Ldg%tfvfr ift agydgf tduoc mt'+ ]fars iatfr agdtcfrldotdr saml tcf `mrst cal jmsrfal a scaldw dg tcfx*ray' Jy spmgf was gdrjai' Kut ky tcfg tcf `farcal kfodjf cakmtuai'âraofisus saml mjaemgatmdg oausfs jag%slmsfasfs'\mggmtus ms gdt a stramect`drwarl miigfss tcatoag kf traofl td dvfrfatmgedr a quarrfi dr a kue wmtca gajf' \cf odgsfgsus d`ldotdrs wdrhmge wmtc jyoasf ms tcat tmggmtus ms tcf rfsuit d`gfeatmvf tcmghmge)sfi` ldukt) iaoh d` àmtc mg im`f) oausmge sdjftcmged` wcmoc tmggmtus ms a syjptdj'

Jy bdurgai scdws tcf erfatfst pfrmdls d`qumft mg jy cfal odjf `diidwmge a lffp sfgsf dàocmfvfjfgt' \cms sueefsts tcf ourf just odjf`rdj tcf ourf d` `far agl gdt `rdj tcf supprfssmdgd` lmzzmgfss dr bdmgt pamgs'Cfrf arf sdjf dksfrvatmdgs tcat jay cfipdtcfrs tcrduec tcms vaeuf fiusmvf iakyrmgtc d` cfalgdmsfs' A gap sddg a`tfr fatmge krmges dg tmggmtus'Cdwfvfr) m ` M aj lffpiy lfprfssfl tcf tmggmtus

odjfs rfearlifss d`gap' M` mggmtus awahfgs jf aglM aj stmii tmrfl) trymge td drof jysfi` kaoh td siffpjahfs tcf tmg wdrsf' Gdw wcfg M awahfg) rfearlifss d` kfmge stmii tmrfl) M ld sdjftcmge satms`ymgeagl tcfg tcf tmggmtus at ifast ms gdt mgorfasfl'\cfrf sffjs td kf akdut ag fmect cdur iapsfkftwffg ocagefs `rdj dr td tmggmtus' M` M aj mg aqumft pfrmdl agl uglfred a strdge lfprfssmge fxpfrmfgof) tcf tmg wmii ocagef akdut fmect cdurs iatfr)eraluaiiy rfpiaomge qumft wmtc a orfsofgldd` gdmsfsagl lfspamr' Odgvfrsfiy) m ` m wdrh wfii lfspmtf tcfgdmsfs) agl fgbdy a lay d` satmsàotmdg) tcf tmg wmiisuksmlf akdut fmect cdurs iatfr'Lmsompimgmge jysfi` td krfah tcf `far cakmtscas krduect mts dwg rfwarl' Kut) M stmii cavf tmggmtusjdst d` tcf tmjf' Agl) lfspmtf tcf erfat prderfss) Mcavf dgf odgstagt erfat `far tcat cas gdt akatfl mgtcf simectfst' M aj a`raml d` tcf tmggmtus' Umii mt eddg `drfvfr4[fsfarocfrs d` tcf wdril2 Cdw ld ydu eft rmld` `far d` `far4

KMKIMDE[A^C] _F[PMOF

A\A%s \mggmtus Kmkimderapcy sfrvmof jaykf usfl mg twd jabdr ways21- urocasf d` tcf odjpiftf kmkimderapcy #a imstd` apprdxmjatf! y 13>> wrmtmges rfiatmge td tmggmtus)mgoiulmge autcdr) wcfrf pukimscfl agl latf d`pukimoatmdg- at a prmof d` ,?> td A\A jfjkfrs) dr ,66td gdg*jfjkfrs';- _pfom`mo tdpmo imst' ]du jay rfqufst a sukbfotsfaroc imst #m` ydu wagt dgiy dgf dr twd spfom`motdpmos- at a ocaref d` ,6'>> pfr tdpmo'Carl odpmfs d` artmoifs jay kf sfifotfl agldrlfrfl rdj tcfsf imsts' Dur ocaref dr odpymge tcfartmoifs ms ,>'1> pfr paef) pius pdstaef agl caglimge'\cf kmkimderapcy uplatf `dr 1==> ms uglfrway agl wmii kf avamiakif mg tcf àii' \cdsf pfdpifrfqumrmge uplatfs jay wrmtf `dr mg`drjatmdg' #Attfgtmdg2 âtrmoma Laeeftt-

1


15/19

\MGGM\V_2 QVF_\MDG_ AGL AG_UF[_BaohA' Pfrgdg) ^cL') Lmrfotdr) Drfedg Cfarmge[fsfaroc Ofgtfr

Umtc tcms odiujg wf cavf rfdpfgfl a sfotmdg dg qufs*tmdgs agl agswfrs akdut tmggmtus' Q!A wmii rfjamg as arfeuiar d``frmge mg \mggmtus \dlay as idge as qufstmdgs odg*tmguf td kf rfofmvfl rdj ydu tcf rfalfrs' Mg ofrtamg oasfs)td usf tcf tfrj %bl'K cfarmge idss wduil prdkakiy prfvfgt ydu`rdj uglfrstaglmge spffoc fvfg mg a qumft fgvmrdg*jfgt'- Gfxt) m ` ydu aisd cavf tmggmtus) agl tcat mscmeciy imhfiy) tcf mjpamrfl cfarmge wduil prdkakiyerfatiy fxaofrkatf tcf tmggmtus' \cmrl) tcfrf ms gdassuragof tcat tcf lmsartmouiatmdg wduil mjprdvftcf cypfraousms' \cf patmfgts wf cavf sffg usmgefar piues mg odjkmgatmdg wmtc far ju``s) wcmocprdluofs akdut ?> td ?6l'K lrdp mg cfarmge cavfrfofmvfl imttif cfip' \cus) td rfluof tcf sdugl ifvfisky a erfatfr ajdugt jay cavf gd f``fot dg tcfcypfraousms' @mgaiiy) wf cavf assujfl tcat tcflmsartmouiatmdg dpfratmdg wduil kf rfvfrsmkif) agltcat ms tcf oasf wcfg tcf tmjf mgtfrvai kftwffg tcfdpfratmdg agl tcf rfpamr ms vfry scdrt' Cdwfvfr)wcfg tcfrf ms a idge mgtfrvai kftwffg tcf dpfratmdgagl tcf attfjptfl rfpamr) tcfrf ms gd assuragof tcattcf rfpamr oag kf f``fotfl' M wduil strdgeiy fg*oduraef ydu td lmsouss ydur mlfas urtcfr wmtc ydurdtdidemst'

Qufstmdg2 +Ms tcfrf rfsfaroc td rfvfai arfiatmdgscmp kftwffg gutrmtmdg agl tmggmtus4+ Js'H' `rdj [cdlf Msiagl

Agswfr2 Juoc cas kffg wrmttfg dg tcmstdpmo) agl tcfrf arf jagy oiamjs as td tcf rfpamr d`cfarmge idss agl tmggmtus ky spfomai lmfts' Vg`dr*tugatfiy) mglfpfglfgt stulmfs cavf gdt kffg odg*luotfl) agl as idge as dgf ms fatmge a gdrjaikaiagofl lmft) M ldukt tcat +spfomai lmfts+ oag cavfjuoc d` ag f``fot updg fmtcfr cfarmge idss dr tmg*gmtus' Aiifrey jay kf a lm``frfgt jattfr wcfrffimjmgatmdg d` ofrtamg d``fglmge `ddls oag rfimfvftmggmtus oausfl ky ag aiifrey' M`) Js' H') ydu cavfagy rfasdg td suspfot ag aiifrey) tcfg M wduilrfodjjfgl tcat ydu hffp a lmary akdut wcat ydufat agl mts rfiatmdgscmp td ydur tmggmtus) agl tcfg kfsffg ky ag aiifremst hgdwiflefakif akdut tmggmtus'

#kB


16/19

GFU APMA\MDG CFAL_F\)AG\M*GDM_F \FOCGDIDE])_CDU ^[DJM_FOim``Odiimgs) @rffiagof Urmtfr) ^drtiagl) Drfedg

\mggmtus patmfgts arf fgoduraefl dvfr tcfgfws tcat sfvfrai cmec*tfocgdidey odjpagmfs arfwdrhmge td lfvfidp lfvmofs tcat oagofi ugwagtflsdugls' Hgdwg as agtmgdmsf) tcf tfocgdideyfjpidys sdpcmstmoatfl odjputfr ocmps td mgtfrofptmgodjmge gdmsf agl kidoh mt away `rdj tcf pfrsdg%sfars'Agtmgdmsf oajf td tcf attfgtmdg d` tcf A\Awcfg \mjf jaeazmgf rag ag artmoif dg tcf tfocgdidey mg mts Lfofjkfr


17/19

\[MKV\F_cf A\A trmkutf ùgl ms lfsmegatfl 1>>& `dr rfsfaroc' \cagh ydu td aii tcdsf pfdpif imstfl kfidw `dr scarmgejfjdrakif dooasmdgs mg tcms cfipùi way' Odgtrmkutmdgs arf tax lfluotmkif agl arf prdjptiy aohgdwiflefl wmtcag apprdprmatf oarl' \cf em`t ajdugt ms gfvfr lmsoidsfl'MG JFJD[] D@ ODG\[MKim\D[ MG CDGD[ D@ ODG\[MKim\D[Jmocafi B' Aiàragd Agtcdgy Lf Kmasf Lapcgf [dkfrt B' Arocmtfot@atcfr*mgiaw Ifg Jayfr Gdrjag KrdhaU+[fgfwai d` Odsky _cdU+ Bfag &Bdf Udi`sdgdcg Ocrmstds Gdrja Ocrmstds Kdk & [uss Laiijfyfr+Eddl Cfaitc+ Bfag &Bdf Udi`sdgU' C' Lagmfi J' Jaxmgf âijfr Odra Lfutocjag+Gfw ^dsmtmdg Bfag &Bdf Udi`sdgJmocfiif Lfar Jfivmg & Jarmiyg Hmrsoc Jdra O' Fjmg+Kmrtclay Bdf Aiaj & \ruly Lruohfr[fkfooa @fmefgkauj Buimus C' Efrsdg @ragh & Karry Fpstfmg Jrs' Kfrtm FpstfmgCfrjag #_dggy- [amls Buimus C' Efrsdg _tfvf Fpstfmg+^rdjdtmdg Bfag & Bdf Udi`sdg

ifgg @ugh Jr agl Jrs B' C' _ociatfr _odtt%s+Gfw Kaky+ Bfag &Bdf Udi`sdgmocafi Eaieagd Aggf &Kfrgarl _mivfrjag Hfggftc C' @arrfii) J'L' F' B' Pmtaifcyiims Emikfrt Eary Emikfrt @rfl @filjag+Gfw Bdk+ Bfag &Bdf Udi`sdgrva Cdpusoc @ragofs Bagmea Efdref J' @rmoctfr Mii Kfrgmof [djkaoc

Aikfrt &Kfiif Cdrg Lr Ldrdtcy Cdrg Gagoy Earlgfr & Lr' Kfgbajmg [ukmg Bdf Aiaj &\ruly Lruohfrdcg J' Baodky) _' B' Bdcg J' Baodky Bajfs F' Efijag) Fsq' Kfrefg \mggmtus ErdupKfrtca J' Hffcg âuimgf A' Hffcg Fimas Cfrsocjagg) J'L'+Jarrmaef Bfag & Bdf Udi`sdgCardil Vect Bfag & Bdf Udi`sdg Cdwarl Cdusf) J'L'+Hmgl Vglfrstaglmge J' Eakrmfi JaocaldCardil Vect Bfag & Bdf Udi`sdg Jmocafi E' Hassak+Gatmdgai Cdgdr _do+ Kfrefg \mggmtus ErdupKfssmf Jarous Ifdgarl Jarous Ocrmstdpcfr Hmiimdg +Kmrtc+ Hfvmg Hmiimdg[fgff Dimvfr Jr agl Jrs Lfggms Dimvfr Cardil Vect+_pffly [fodvfry Bfag & Bdf Udi`sdgA I âstdr iVagf Oddpfr Lr' Idums Vectdg+_uoofssùi _urefry+ Bfag & Bdf Udi`sdg[mocarl ^djfrdy Alfiif Kratsds [mta Idgldgfr+Eddl Iuoh*Eddl Cfaitc+ Bfag & Bdf Udi`sdg[dkfrt dsgfr Jr agl Jrs Fzra Idrkfr Kftty Jmiifr+Kfautmùi tfaocmges Bfag & Bdf Udi`sdgAimoma F' [aifmec Flwarl B' Oduecimg) Fl'L' Pmvmag Gfrvfega+Kmrtclay Ai`rfl Gfrvfega@atcfr [fljdugtamg Bfag & Bdf Udi`sdg Jarmiyg ^fitzjag+Udglfrùi @rmfgl+ Ariffg FrkfrMla Ifga [ulmoh [dsf _ocmfijag Jarmaga _jmtc+_uoofssùi _urefry Bfag & Bdf Udi`sdgFlga _caw Jr agl Jrs _aj Fmsfgkfre Jarifgf _jmtc+Jdtcfrs Qumoh [fodvfry Bfag & Bdf Udi`sdgArimf \faeuf Jmhf & âuimgf Jmocafi _' I _tmifs+Gdmsy Fars+ _' I _tmifsajfs _' \cdrgtdg Kdgl & Pmremgma Kiaohjag [mocarl C' \yifr) J'L' _tfpcfg LfpcdurfA\A^[D@F__MDGAI A__DOMA\F_7 JA[OC \D JA] 1==> Baoh Pfrgdg) ^c'L' Jr & Jrs Oim``drl OdiimgsFimd B' @djattd) J' L' @drrfst C' Hfglaii) Br') J' L' _tfvf Ufmss+_uoofss d` Jurpcy Krdwg Bfag &Bdf Udi`sdgJmocafi @ditz) J' A Jfrflmtc âge) J' L' _tfvf Ufmss+Gfw Kaky% Bfag &Bdf Udi`sdgJmitdg igefrjag) J' L' [mocarl \' Rmjjfrjag) Fsq' Kfrefg \mggmtus Erdup

9 A\A_^DG_D[ JFJKF[_ JA[OC \D JA] 1==> * * * 7aoh Ailrmoc Bdsfpcmgf H' Eujp [dkfrt U' Ifgart Iylma _' [dkmgsdgdkfrt B' Arocmtfot Akracaj Eumlry Bfl Jaredimg B' Pmremgma _ocurzIfmec F' Ocrmstfgsfg Lfggms L' Cfmgli _tagify F' Jddrf Hfggftc >' _odttajfs Oiarhf Ocrms F' Cfrtz Gdrjag C' Jufiifr [dkfrt_miimgsLdgail Odiiuj B' [ Cdrtdg) Mii Frimge L' Gafss _yivma agl [ayjdgl _jmtcLavml I Odvfy [ayjdgl Cdueciagl [mocarl Gfilgfr Karkara [' _tagifyAgtcdgy Lfkmasf Bajfs Mrvmge [utc F' Docs Jdrtdg agl Gdrja _tffifLr' \ruly Lruohfr âtty Bdcg Flwarl âimg [utc J' _wagC' [fgwmoh Lugiap Efdref O' Bumi`s Gdrja ^fgtgfy*âsh Bajfs O' \dttfg@rfy Lyf Hfvmg & Lfkdrac Hmiimdg [utc J' ^cmipdtt Pmremi PagattaKarkara B' Fihd Iaura ^' Hifllmoh Kfrgarl [mocarls Parmag Odgtmgfgtai Fjp'Oc'@ugl'Jrs' _tfwart Erffgfkauj Iahfscdrf FG\ Ofgtfr) Ô U' O' [moharl âui Rfrkst

]DV[ EM@\ [FAII] CFI^_!A\A jfjkfrs oag kf prdul td kf part d` ag dreagmzatmdg wcmoc cas cfipfl tcdusagls d` tmggmtus su``frfrs'

]dur qufstmdgs cavf stmjuiatfl tcf rfsfaroc odjjugmty td wdrh carlfr td `mgl agswfrs' ]dur assdomatmdg) A\A)cas kffg akif) wmtc ydur ldgatmdgs) td ùgl a gujkfr d` mjpdrtagt stulmfs akdut tmggmtus' Dur kmkimderapcysfrvmof prdvmlfs fxtfgsmvf mg`drjatmdg akdut tcms agl dtcfr tmggmtus rfsfaroc' \cf odgtmgumge fluoatmdg odursfswf d``fr prdvmlf tcf up*td*latf mg`drjatmdg cfaitc prd`fssmdgais gffl td cfip ydu' ûkimo awarfgfss d` tmggmtuscas mgorfasfl kfoausf d` A\A prderajs) agl dur partmompatmdg mg gatmdgai dreagmzatmdgs' A\A suppdrt erdupskrmge cfip agl uglfrstaglmge td ydur dwg odjjugmty'Dgiy tcrduec dur odjkmgfl f``drts oag wf cdpf `dr ag fgl td tmggmtus' Vsf tcf `drj dg paef 1= td sfglydur odgtrmkutmdg mg agy ajdugt) tdlay' îfasf kf as efgfrdus as ydu oag' \cagh ydu'

15


18/19

M`]du_u``fr@rdj\mggmtus)]duGffl\dCfar\cms'@ffi tcf dofag%s spray '' ed karf`ddtky a swm t jdugtamg strfaj '' dr tahfa waih mg tcf sujjfr ramg'Arf]du DgfD`\cfFstmjatfl?0Jmiimdg^fdpif_u``frmge@rdj\mggmtus'\cfsddtcmge) gaturai sdugls d`tcf Jarsdga1';>>oagsukstmtutfdr tcf`rustratmge) rmgemge sduglsoausflky mggmtus'\cf `rfqufgoyagl gtfgsmtyd` tcfsmjuiatfl_DUild` ramg) suràglwatfràiis jatoctcf tdgfscfarlky jagy tmggmtussu``frs'\cmsjashmge lfvmofcasprdvfg fxtrfjfiy f``fotmvfmgassmstmge patmfgts galaptmge tdtcfmr tmggmtus' Fvfg tcduecmt%s gdt pdssmkif td prflmotwcftcfrdrgdt Jarsdga msapprdprmatf`drydu) tcfprdkakmimtyd`suoofssùijashmge ms wfii wdrtc tahmgealvagtaef d` dur?> lay jdgfy kaoheuaragtff'Kfoausfmt wfmecsifss tcag tcrffpdugls) yduoag odgvfgmfgtiy tahftcf Jarsdga 1;>>wmtcydudg trmps'Aoodjdlatmge 11>vdit tcf Jarsdgaodgsujfs ifss pdwfr tcag a sjaiigmect imect' @urtcfr) yduoag odggfottcf Jarsdga 1;>>td ydur stfrfdsystfjdr usfydurstfrfd cfalpcdgfs dr suocrfaimstmosdugl yduoag ift ydur mjaemgatmdgrugwmilasydu travfi rdj tcfjdugtamgs td tcfsfascdrf'

M`yd uarf gdtdg tcfAjkmfgt _capfsjamimge mst '' ydu scduilkf ''Oaiitdlaytdrfofmvf durugmqufoataide'

Odgtrdi yduraulmkif ajkmfgof wmtcJarsdga1;>>`rdjAjkmfgt_capfs'Ldg%twamt! OaiiGdw*\DII @[FF'D[LF[ \DII @[FFr*******t;bdrorflmtoarl cdilfrspifasf oaii tdV `rff 'M Drlfrprdluot/\JAi;>`drtcfJarsdda M

1;>>' Drsfdlaocfoh`dr _M;='>>#@['FM scmppmge caglimge-' GOrfsmlfgtsall 6& Msaifs tax' Dgf{i-yfarwam\?gty*\cmgyM {?>-lay jdgfy kaoh euaragtff' MM D[LF[\DV'@[FFGDU MM 3>>$


19/19

Ufiodjf \d \cfGfwEfgfratmdgd` pim`moatmdgFxofiifgof'Fxofptmdgai Afstcftmos' \cf 5 _frmfs% M\F agl oagai àofpiatfs% spf*omaiiy odgtdurfl fxtfrmdr suràofs kifgl sjddtciy wmtc tcf scapf d`tcf far agl odgoca' Umtc f``momfgt spaomge eamgfl `rdj tcf `mxfl jmo)`mxfl PO) agl sjaiifr kattfry odgtaots) tcf 5 _frmfs% àjmiy d` cfarmgeamls prdvmlf tcf uitmjatf odsjftmo agl aodustmo odjpifjfgt td tcffar%s gaturai lfsmeg agl ùgotmdg'

DS 6) ^D[\IAGL) D[ =5;>5

A Gfw Efgfratmdg d`[fimakmimty' \cf 5_frmfs mgtrdluofs a wcdif gfw efgfratmdg d`lfsmeg fxofiifgof' A odjpiftfiygfw àofpiatf wmtc msdiatfl jm*ordpcdgf agl ajpim`mfr pdsmtmdgmge mgorfasfs jaguàoturmgef``momfgoy wcmif vmrtuaiiy fimjm*gatmge jfocagmoai `fflkaoh'\cf sjaiifr) jdrf stakif cmectfgsmif edil*piatfl odgtaotsaidge wmtc tcf gfw) uitra*lurakifPO agl sdohft assfjk iy kdtcfgsurf a jdrf rfimakif pfr`dr*jagof wmtc vmrtuai fimjmgatmdgd` mgtfrjmttfgoy prdkifjs '

Ufiodjf td tcf Gfw Efgfratmdg' Gfvfr kf`drf cas tcf mg*lustry fxpfrmfgofl tcms ifvfi dàjpim`moatmdg fxofiifgof* aiilfsmegfl td fgcagof ydur dwgcmec staglarls d` sfrvmof fxofi*ifgof' Kfoausf wf arf lflmoatfltd prdvmlmge tcf vfry kfst `dr yduagl tcdsf ydu sfrvf) wf kfimfvfAII ydur patmfgts scduil kfgf`mt`rdj tcms gfwfst efgfratmdg dùgfquaifl sdpcmstmoatmdg) gdjattfr wcat tcfy prfsfgtiy wfar'

_tarhfy prdluots) mgoiulmgetmggmtus jashfrs) arf avamiakif`rdj ydur idoai cfarmgecfaitc oarf prd`fssmdgai imstflmg tcf ]fiidw âefs uglfr+cfarmge amls+'

GDG*^[D@M\ D[EV'_' ^D_\AEFÂ i >Ajfrmoag \mggmtusAssdomatmdg

tinnitus today june 1990 vol 15, no 2

Documents