Understanding and Preventing Modern Forms of Violence

29 May 2014, 10:00 am EST/16h UTC

Learning Network on Capacity Development (LenCD)in collaboration with

The World Bank Institute

Tips for participating in the Webinar

Participants • You should be able to see and hear the presenter and discussant.• Please type questions into the “chat” box . The moderator, who will be

off camera, will collect them and pose them to the presenter and the discussant.

• The entire event including text chat will be recorded and archived.

Webinar Video • A recording will be placed on the LenCD website after the event and you

will be able to leave questions and comments there. The presenters will respond to questions left within one week of the event.

Agenda

• Welcome and Introductions• Background• Course Outline• Modern Forms of

Violence• Q&A

Welcome and Introductions

• LenCD is an informal and open Learning Network on Capacity Development, active since 2004

• LenCD aims to promote and facilitate sharing of lessons and learning on capacity development and promote changes for better CD practice at the global, regional and local levels.

• Disclaimer: Individual webinars are organized and hosted by LenCD partners. LenCD does not endorse any specific views expressed by presenters but facilitates that knowledge “gets around”. Knowledge items from these webinars are featured at www.LenCD.org

• WBI is a global connector of knowledge, learning and innovation for poverty reduction.

– Barbara Friday

– Rea Abada Chiongson

Background

2011 World Development Report “Conflict, Security and

Development”

4 Module E-course created

Course Outline

Forms and Impacts of ViolenceDrivers of Violence and Fragility

Challenges and ApproachesWays and Means of Reform

Module One

Understanding Modern Forms of Violence and FragilityEscaping FragilityInternational Support

Module Two

Module Three

Restoring ConfidenceTransforming Institutions

Module Four

Overview

Nature of Violence &

Fragility

Developing Resilience

International Support

How is Violence Changing?

• Conflicts between states are less common– Non-state actors– Battlefield deaths – Urban violence

• Regional spillovers remain challenging– Great Lakes– Burma/Thailand

• Violence often reflects social divides

How is Violence Changing?• Organized crime is the largest

contributor to violent killings

• Intentional homicide accounts for far more lives lost than wars or conflict

• Violence tends to exist in multiple forms– Trafficking: drugs, weapons, people,

timber– Gangs– Political contests– Local conflicts– Transnational ideological

What are the Drivers?

Stresses Internal ExternalSecurity Legacies of violence Invasion

Cross-border conflictsTransnational terrorismInternational criminal networks

Economic Low opportunity cost rebellionYouth unemploymentNatural resourcesSevere corruptionRapid urbanization

Price shocksClimate change

Justice Ethnic, religious or regional competitionReal or perceived discriminationHuman rights abuses

Perceived global inequity and injustice in the treatment of ethnic or religious groups

What are the Impacts?

Mass Displacement• Mass displacement• Nearly 3mm refugees have

fled Syria and 6.5 mm are internally displaced

• Non-IDPs flee mainly to neighboring poor countries

Lower MDG targets• While 20% of fragile

countries met the target to halve extreme hunger and poverty

• A child in a conflict affected state is twice as likely to be undernourished as a child in a developing country

How to Escape Fragility?

Restoring Confidence Strengthening Institutions

How to Escape Fragility?Restoring Confidence

• Nationally owned solutions• Reconstructing social

compact between governors/governed

• Building trust• Creating Inclusive multi-

stakeholder coalitions

How to Escape Fragility?Restoring Confidence

• Delivering early results– Colombia

• Reaching remote populations• Signaling state reach

• Increasing transparency– Liberia Open Budget

Initiative• Citizen Guide to the state

budget• Public electronic billboard on

state revenues and expenditures

How to Escape Fragility?Strengthening Institutions

• Citizen security and safety– Security and development

• Restoring basic justice– Rwanda

• Creating jobs and enabling environment

• Rebuilding basic infrastructure

How to Escape Fragility?Strengthening Institutions

• Focus on vocational and agricultural livelihoods and engage youth– Northern Uganda vocational

training, life skills and counseling reduced aggression

– Liberian agricultural livelihoods for high risk youth reduced illegal activities

– Dominican Republic vocational and life skills training reduced gang involvement and delayed teen pregnancy

• Employ ex-combatants

– Aceh: targeted aid to ex-combatants and political prisoners• Increased employment• Diminished poverty

• Transitions take time

An Example from Papua New GuineaOK Tedi - A Pioneering Experience for WomenPrior to the 2007 CMCA negotiations, decisions were purely made by male leaders without any input from women or their representatives.

The 2006/07 negotiation involved two women leaders, Ms. Ume Wainetti and Reverend Anna Bisai, who represented women and children.

Although challenging, the 2007 CMCAs achieved 3 significant “firsts” as far women’s representation is concerned. • Set aside of 10 percent of negotiated mine benefits for

women and children (women and children’s funds)• Women’s participation in decision-making process on

the use of development funds and investments.• CMCA women’s right to be represented on Village

Planning Committees (VPC), the CMCA Association and the OTD Board.

2006/07 MLE and women2 prominent Western Province women leaders

Male leadership resisted from the outset.

Negotiated outcomes:• Recognition of women’s

participation in the decision-making process and governance structures; and

• 10 percent set aside for projects and investments for women and children.

2012 MLE and women30 Western Province women leaders • 3 from each of the 8 Trusts (24) and 6

from the Mine Villages

Male leaders recognized women’s important roles

Negotiated outcomes:• Set asides ranging from 10 percent to

18.24 percent.

An Example from Papua New GuineaTwo Negotiations, Two Outcomes

An Example from Papua New GuineaImplications for the Future

Conclusions

• Higher levels of education attainment enhances women’s leadership roles

• Level of preparedness and relationship building are conducive to effective negotiations.

• Changes in attitudes and mindsets are happening, but pace is not fast enough.

• Implementation of 2006/07 CMCA remains a challenge.

What made the difference in 2012?

Negotiating strategies: What additional strategies did women use?• Collaboration amongst themselves• Evidence and demonstration of

community-wide benefits • Securing male advocates

Preparation: What additional measures were taken to enhance women’s effective participation:• Independent National Facilitators• Nationally Recognized Independent

External Observers

International SupportWhat are the FCS Doing?

• Creating a big deal• g7+ and International Dialogue• New Deal• Advocating for Peacekeeping and

Statebuilding Goals, PSGs– Inclusive politics– Security– Justice– Economic Foundations– Revenue and Services

• Piloting new analytical tools, indicators and frameworks

How can International Actors Better Support FCS?

• Support locally driven reforms

• Prioritize security, justice and jobs

• Make funding flows more predictable

• Adapt procedures to FCS circumstances

• Increase coordination• Mitigate external risks• Focus on prevention

Information about the Course:What are Upcoming Course Dates?

Course will be available June 9 – June 27 Self Paced with facilitated discussions

Contact: Seth Ayers – sayers@worldbank.org

Barbara Friday – bfriday@worldbank.org

Information about the Course:What are the Course Elements?

• Narrated Presentation

• Required Readings • Case Studies• Discussions on Key

Issues • Quizzes • Videos

Information about the Course:Who has Participated?

Participants Survey

• We would greatly appreciate a few minutes of your time to find out what you thought of today’s webinar and how we can make future webinars better. Please leave comments at:

• https://www.research.net/s/MSMTS38

Violence, Conflict and Fragility

• Thank you!

• Questions?