Tips for revision Issues that have been asked about less:

Genetic Engineering Embryo Research Right to a Child

Theories that have been asked about less: Absolutism and Relativism Natural Law Kant Preference Utilitarianism

Tips for revision Past papers

All past questions are in the back of your booklets

Example essays Moodle

Key terms We will have a key terms test in next

week’s lesson

Situation EthicsRelativist

and Christian

1960s

A middle way based on

selfless love

Four working

principles

Six fundamental

principles

Four Working Principles Pragmatism

What you propose must work in practice Relativism

In every situation we should act out of love, but what love requires will be relative to the particular situation

Positivism A value judgement needs to be made, giving

first place to love Personalism

Situation ethics is focused on what is best for the people involved in any situation

Six Fundamental Principles

1. Love only is always good Love is the only thing that is intrinsically good

– it is the only absolute2. Love is the only norm

Love is the only rule that people must follow – this self-giving love allows people the freedom and responsibility to make their own choices

3. Justice is love distributed Justice will follow naturally from love – agape

love involves loving all our neighbours

Six Fundamental Principles

4. Love is not liking Love has no favourites – it does not give

special treatment to those we like but treats everyone the same

5. Love justifies its means Love must be the final end, not a means to an

end – as long as the end is love any action can be justified

6. Love decides there and then The loving thing to do will depend on the

situation – we cannot have fixed ideas in mind because this will cloud our moral judgements

Natural LawAbsolutist Catholic

Goodness = fulfilment of purpose

Worship God

Live in an ordered society

Reproduce

Educate

childrenPrese

rve life

Primary PreceptsSecondary Precepts

Aristotle’s four causes - purpose

Real and apparent goodsFour levels of law

UtilitarianismJohn Stuart Mill

(1806-1873)

More deontological than Bentham

Relativist

Individuals must be protectedRules are needed to

protect the common good

Universalizability

Competent judges

Quality of pleasure: higher and lower pleasures

Raised as a Utilitarian