tips to deal with frostbite, hypothermia, dehydration

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Working outside in the cold Tips to deal with frostbite, hypothermia, dehydration Superficial Frostbite What to look for White, waxy, or grayish-yellow patches Skin is cold, numb and stiff Underlying tissue is pliable when depressed How to treat Move the victim to a warm, dry area Loosen any constrictive clothing Place dry, sterile gauze between toes and fingers Slightly elevate the affected part Seek medical attention immediately More than an hour from medical help? Place the frostbitten part in warm—not hot—water (102° to 106° F). Rewarm for 20 to 40 minutes (until tissues soften) Deep Frostbite What to look for Waxy, pale, solid skin Blister may appear How to treat Move the victim indoors immediately Seek medical attention Hypothermia What to look for Change in mental status Uncontrollable shivering Cool abdomen and a low body temperature If severe, muscles may be rigid, skin dark and puffy, irregular heart and respiratory rates and/or unconsciousness How to treat Move the victim out of the cold Place in a horizontal (flat) position Replace wet clothing with dry Cover the victim’s head Call for immediate medical attention Use blankets, pillows, towels or newspapers to insulate the victim Provide a warm, sweet drink— avoid caffeine or alcohol Give artificial respiration or CPR (if you are trained) as needed Dehydration What to look for Weakness, dizziness, fatigue and dry mouth Provide a warm, sweet drink— avoid caffeine or alcohol If severe, seek medical attention Safety precautions* Dress in layers Wear synthetic fabrics close to the skin Wear waterproof or water-repellent clothing Brush off snow regularly to stay dry Drink warm, sweet liquids— avoid caffeine or alcohol Eat warm, solid foods Work in “buddy pairs” to ensure each other’s safety Go in at regular intervals to rest and warm up *Use extreme caution if you suffer from a health condition, are taking medication or are in poor physical condition. You may be at increased risk. Frostbite Usually affects the fingers, hands, toes, feet, ears and nose For more information on this and other safety topics, please log on to the member-exclusive website at nsc.org. 745458 1021 ©2021 National Safety Council

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Page 1: Tips to deal with frostbite, hypothermia, dehydration

Working outside in the coldTips to deal with frostbite, hypothermia, dehydration

Superficial FrostbiteWhat to look for • White, waxy, or grayish-yellow patches• Skin is cold, numb and stiff• Underlying tissue is pliable when depressed

How to treat • Move the victim to a warm, dry area• Loosen any constrictive clothing• Place dry, sterile gauze between toes and fingers • Slightly elevate the affected part• Seek medical attention immediately

More than an hour from medical help? • Place the frostbitten part in warm—not hot—water (102°

to 106° F). Rewarm for 20 to 40 minutes (until tissues soften)

Deep FrostbiteWhat to look for • Waxy, pale, solid skin• Blister may appear

How to treat • Move the victim indoors immediately• Seek medical attention

HypothermiaWhat to look for • Change in mental status• Uncontrollable shivering• Cool abdomen and a low body temperature• If severe, muscles may be rigid, skin dark and puffy,

irregular heart and respiratory rates and/orunconsciousness

How to treat • Move the victim out of the cold• Place in a horizontal (flat) position • Replace wet clothing with dry • Cover the victim’s head • Call for immediate medical attention• Use blankets, pillows, towels or newspapers to

insulate the victim• Provide a warm, sweet drink— avoid caffeine

or alcohol• Give artificial respiration or CPR (if you are trained)

as needed

Dehydration What to look for • Weakness, dizziness, fatigue and dry mouth• Provide a warm, sweet drink— avoid caffeine

or alcohol• If severe, seek medical attention

Safety precautions*• Dress in layers • Wear synthetic fabrics close to the skin • Wear waterproof or water-repellent clothing • Brush off snow regularly to stay dry• Drink warm, sweet liquids— avoid caffeine or alcohol • Eat warm, solid foods • Work in “buddy pairs” to ensure each other’s safety• Go in at regular intervals to rest and warm up

*Use extreme caution if you suffer from a health condition, are taking medication or are in poor physical condition. You may be at increased risk.

FrostbiteUsually affects the fingers, hands, toes, feet, ears and nose

For more information on this and other safety topics, please log on to the member-exclusive website at nsc.org.

745458 1021 ©2021 National Safety Council

Page 2: Tips to deal with frostbite, hypothermia, dehydration

Trabajar afuera cuando hace frioConsejos para manejar la congelación, la hipotermiay la deshidratación

Congelación superficialQué buscar• Zonas blancas, cerosas o amarillo-grisáceas en la piel• La piel está fría, insensibilizada o entumecida.• El tejido subyacente se pliega cuando se lo presiona.

Cómo tratarla • Traslade a la víctima a un lugar cálido y seco.• Afloje cualquier prenda apretada.• Coloque gasa seca estéril entre los dedos de los pies y de las manos.• Eleve levemente la parte afectada.• Busque atención médica de inmediato.

¿La ayuda médica tardará más de una hora en llegar? • Coloque la parte congelada en agua tibia, no caliente (102° a

106° F). Vuelva a calentar cada 20 a 40 minutos (hasta que los tejidos se ablanden).

Congelación profundaQué buscar• Piel cerosa, pálida y sólida• Pueden aparecer ampollas

Cómo tratarla • Traslade a la víctima al interior de inmediato• Busque atención médica.

HipotermiaQué buscar• Cambio en el estado mental• Escalofríos incontrolables• Abdomen frío y baja temperatura corporal• Si es grave, los músculos podrán estar rígidos, la piel oscura

e hinchada, los latidos y la frecuencia respiratoria podrán ser irregulares y podrá haber pérdida de consciencia

Cómo tratarla • Retire a la víctima del frío.• Colóquela en posición horizontal.• Reemplace la ropa mojada por ropa seca.• Cubra la cabeza de la víctima.• Pida atención médica de inmediato.• Use mantas, almohadas, toallas o papel de diario para

aislar a la víctima.• Suministre bebidas calientes y endulzadas; evite la

cafeína o el alcohol.• Administre respiración artificial o RCP si es necesario

(y si usted está entrenado para hacerlo).

DeshidrataciónQué buscar • Debilidad, mareos, fatiga y boca seca.• Suministre bebidas calientes y endulzadas; evite la

cafeína o el alcohol.• Si es grave, busque atención médica.

Precauciones de seguridad*• Vístase por capas.• Use telas sintéticas cerca de la piel.• Use ropa resistente al agua o hidrófuga.• Elimine la nieve regularmente para mantenerse seco• Beba líquidos calientes y endulzados; evite la cafeína o el alcohol.• Coma alimentos calientes y sólidos.• Trabaje en “parejas” para garantizar la seguridad uno del otro.• Vaya adentro a descansar y a calentarse en intervalos regulares.

*Tenga extrema precaución si padece alguna afección médica, está tomando medicamentos o está en mal estado físico. Podrá estar en mayor riesgo.

CongelaciónPor lo general afecta los dedos, las manos, los dedos de los pies, las orejas y la nariz.

Para obtener más información sobre este y otros temas de seguridad, visite el sitio web exclusivo para miembros en nsc.org.

745458 1021 ©2021 National Safety Council