Technological Institute of the Philippines

Humanities and Social Sciences

Department

tirade

Came from Latin word [tirare]

“to draw” [tai ràyd, tī ráyd] Noun, plural –tirades a long angry speech, usually of criticism

or denunciation People became impatient with his

tirades

abnegate

Came from Latin word [abnegare] “refuse”, “reject”

 [ábnə geyt] Verb conjugation- abnegates,

abnegating, abnegated To give up or renounce something There has been a debate whether or not

Rizal abnegated masonry.

PRONOUN

Came from Latin [pro+nomen] “something in place of a name”

Is a word that replaces, substitutes and takes the place of a noun

ANTECEDENT

Came from Latin [antecedere] “to go before or give way”

Is the noun being replaced, substituted and taken place by a pronoun

Pronouns

KINDS OF PRONOUNS

Personal Pronouns

Nominative Objective Possessive

Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural

First Person

I WE ME USMY,

MINEOUR, OURS

Second Person

YOU YOU YOU YOU YOURS YOURS

Third Person HE, SHE

ITTHEY

HIM, HER, IT

THEM

HIS, HER,

HERS, ITS

THEIR, THEIRS

Illustrative Examples

The people have given their verdict.

The man lost his arm in an accident.

His dog accidentally bite its tail.

Relative Pronouns

Are pronouns that serve both as pronouns and as connectives

Relative pronoun connects dependent clauses with the main clauses by referring directly to the antecedent.

Illustration

We admire the man who is honest and industrious.

Tony picked the purse that was left in the park.

The Relative Pronouns

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

PERSONWHO, WHOM, WHOSE, WHOEVER,

WHOMEVER, WHOSOEVER, WHOMEVER, THEY

THINGS, OBJECTS,

LIVING THINGS

WHICH, WHICHEVER, WHATEVER

PERSON/ THINGS

THAT, WHAT

Illustrative Examples

Products which are produced in the Philippines can compete internationally.

Flea market vendors whose goods were confiscated get them back yesterday.

A city that is clean is a walkable city.

Indefinite Pronoun

Pronouns that point out less specific antecedents.

Their opposites are the Demonstrative Pronouns which point out more specific antecedents.

Uses of Indefinite Pronouns

AS A PRONOUN Each has its own likes

and dislikes. Some are born leaders of

men. Sorry, I can’t spare any

for you. Neither is right between

these choices. I shall take both.

AS AN ADJECTIVE Each one has his own

likes and dislikes. Some people are born

leaders of men. Sorry, I can’t spare any

money for you. Neither one of you is

right. I shall take both tickets.

Common Indefinite Pronouns

SINGULAR PLURALBOTH

SINGULAR/PLURAL

EverybodyEveryoneOneEachAnotherNobodyNo oneSomeoneSomebody

AnyoneAnybodyEitherNeither

BothSeveralFewManyMostMore

SomeAll None

Illustrative Examples

Everyone in the class is quiet. Does anyone want to come? Few notebooks were submitted. Are both of them in the tennis

tournament? Some of the trees were cut. Some of the butter is melted.

Intensive-Reflexive Pronouns

Intensive Pronouns are pronouns that merely adds emphasis to the antecedent it substituted

Reflexive Pronouns are pronouns used to show that the doer of an action is also the receiver (object) of that action.

Intensive Pronouns

I myself will do it. The captain himself steered the boat. The boys did the work themselves. The judge himself asked the witness

some vital questions.

Reflexive Pronouns

The demented woman killed herself. The little boy accidentally hurt himself. You are jeopardizing yourself. The guard left the prisoners to

themselves.

Demonstrative Pronouns

Came from Latin word [demonstro] - “to point out”

These are pronouns which stand specifically for a person, place, thing, idea or event singled out.

The demonstrative pronouns

FOR MUCH NEARER FOR MUCH FARTHER

SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL

this these that those

This is the place where I lost my wallet. These plants are somewhat poisonous. That region is a protected area. Those students are late.

Interrogative Pronouns

These are pronouns which introduces a questions.

AT?O?ERE?EN?Y?

Illustrative Examples

What will help solve the ills of society? Who invented the stapler? Where did you put my things? When will be the next solar solstice? Why are you late?

In terms of number:

The pronoun and its antecedent must agree in number.

This girl loves her work, but these boys loathe their job.

A tree shook its twigs as the birds flapped their wings.

Many have mailed their applications.

In terms of gender:

The pronoun must agree with the antecedent it replaced.

Marlon was requested to bring his chair.Susanna agreed to have her records

reviewed.That hamster managed to get out from

its cage

In terms of gender:

If two antecedents differ in gender, better use masculine HIS.

Everyone is requested to bring his chair.

Every girl and boy must do his assignment.

In terms of gender:

Ships, airplane, countries and schools are considered feminine in gender.

TIP will keep in touch with her alumni.The Philippines can take pride of her

brave heroes.The Titanic sank during her maiden

voyage.

Cases of Pronouns

Just like nouns, pronouns have three cases namely:

1.Nominative Case

2.Objective Case

3.Possessive Case

Nominative Case

A pronoun is in nominative case when it acts as:

Subject of the Verb.Predicate NominativeAppositive of the subjectVocative/Direct AddressNominative of Exclamation

Subject of the verb

They nominated Vincent. We finally granted their request. She and her sister are planning a

surprise party.

Predicate Nominative

The architect of that mansion is she. The advocates of this program are they. It was I. It wasn’t they.

Appositive of the subject of the verb

Two students, he and I, will receive awards for good behavior.

We girls must be modest and dignified in our ways.

The class valedictorians are two boys, Jerry and I.

Vocative/Direct Address

“You, Nilo, where is your term paper?”

Nominative of Exclamation

“Unhappy you!” “Lucky me!”

Objective Case

A pronoun is in Objective Case when used as:

Direct Object Indirect ObjectObject of PrepositionSubject of the InfinitiveObject of an Infinitive

Direct Object

Mother summoned Mark and me. Mrs. Benzon invited the pupils and us. Todd punched the bystander and him.

Indirect Object

The chef served Allan and me a sumptuous dinner.

A mailman handed Rachel and him a heavy package.

Annie sold May and us some medicine.

Object of the Preposition

The teacher complains that his students have never reported to him.

Without them, this project would have never been completed.

The team members discussed their plans with coach and me.

Subject of the Infinitive

Rex asked her to deliver the message. Mercy required her pupils and me to

report to school on Saturdays. Would you like them to sing for you?

Object of an Infinitive

We found the culprit to be him. The carpenter offered to help us. Manny managed to fetch her.

Possessive Case

The possessive case is used to show possession.

Possessive pronouns followed by nouns are also called possessive adjectives.

Examples

Their car is in the repair shop. Of course, the enemy would not divulge

his secret weapon. Those books are hers.