tirfe t i of renewable and fossil energy sustainable...

TIRFE - TOTAL INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE AND FOSSIL ENERGY AIMING TO A CLEAN AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SYSTEM

DALTRO GARCIA PINATTI ROSA ANA CONTE

MATERIALS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT - DEMAR LORENA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING - EEL

SÃO PAULO UNIVERSITY – USP SÃO PAULO – SP - BRAZIL

BIT'S 2ND ANNUAL WORLD CONGRESS OF BIOENERGY APRIL 25-28, 2012, XI'AN, CHINA

EEL-USP DEMAR

EEL-USP DEMAR WCBE - 2012

PETROLEUM RESERVES

CONSUMPTION

H2 FROM BIOMASS GASIFICATION IN SCW

(FROM STEM) AT COMPETITIVE PRICES

C RETENTION AND ENERGY

SECURITY

TREATED BIOMASS STOCKPILE

(FROM RESIDUES)

LIGHT AND CLEAN OIL PRODUCTS AT PETROLEUM REFINERY AND

METHANOL FROM COAL, + EE

REFORESTATION


EE-ELECTRIC ENERGY

APDC-AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DEVICE MSW-MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

H2-SF - H2 PRODUCED FROM STEM OF FAR H2-PR/COAL - H2 HYDROCRACKING AND HYDROTREATMENT AT PR (51.5 kg H2/b), AND H2 TO SUPPLEMENT DEFICIENCY FOR METHANOL FROM COAL

C-FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION RLT-FOSSIL FUEL RESERVE LIFETIME E-FOSSIL FUEL EMISSIONS RE-FOSSIL FUEL RESERVE ENERGY

C+L V-CELLULOSE+LIGNIN VOLUME C+L SP-CELLULOSE+LIGNIN STOCKPILE

FAR-FOREST AREA FOR RESIDUE PRODUCTION = 1.3 X 109 ha = 13.0 X 106 km2

CELLULOSE + LIGNIN VOLUME AND FAR

C+L V = 5.16 X 109 m3/y FAR = 0.50 X 109 ha

C+L V =6.22 X 109 m3/y FAR = 0.61 X 109 ha

C+L V = 1,96 X 109 m3/y FAR = 0.19 X 109 ha

FOREST RESIDUE 16 TDB/ha.y

UNCLEAN BIOMASS (COAL, PETCOKE, MSW, ETC.)

CLEAN BIOMASS STEM (GROUND) 24 TDB/ha.y

PR-PETROLEUM REFINERY (H2/PR)

RE= 11.51 X 1015 MJ

C= 31.0 X 109 b/y

RLT= 64.5 y E= 3.56 X 109 tC/y

H-BIO PROCESS OLEAGINOUS BIOMASS

COAL (H2/COAL) RE= 25.73 X 1015 MJ C= 5.5 X 109 t/y RLT= 165.3 y E= 4.29 X 109 tC/y

NG RE= 7.85 X 1015 MJ C= 2770 X 109 m3/y RLT= 65.0 y E= 1.35 X 109 tC/y

CONVENTIONAL + FUTURE USES NH3, COMPRESSED H2, FUEL CELL, ETC.

H2 (100 kg/TDB)

H2 ENERGY FROM STEM OVER FOSSIL FUEL LIFETIME HHV 142.90 MJ/kg H2

LHV 119.55 MJ/kg H2

FOREST RESIDUE ACIDIC TREATMENT

ROASTING, ETC.

H2/PR-1597x109 kg/y (51.5 kg H2/b)

H2/COAL-953x109 kg/y

(222.2 kg H2/tC)

NO H2

PELLETS AND NOBLE APPLICATIONS

BGSCW TEU

EE

APCD

CO2 (Algae photobioreactor)

TOTAL RE 45.11 X 1015 MJ

(FUTURE)

PRESENTLY ~ 50 x 109 kg/y

BRINE

TOTAL

H2-PR/COAL-2550 x109 kg/y

H2-SF-2667x109 kg/y CELLULOSE + LIGNIN STOCK PILE

=1250 kg/m3, LHV=18.4 MJ/kg NR. OF C+L SP ~ 30,000 (1 km2 X 50 m HIGH), 55.2C % m/m

TOTAL C+L V = 13.34 X 109 m3/y

TOTAL C+L SP ENERGY 34.00X1015 MJ

49.88 X 1015 MJ

H2-SF-1457x109 kg/y

H2-SF-1210x109 kg/y

H2 FROM BIOMASS TO CLEAN FOSSIL FUELS, AND CONVERSION OF FOSSIL INTO RENEWABLE CARBON


MAIN TIRFE FEATURES

FOREST AREA FOR RESIDUE PRODUCTION (16 TDB/ha.y) TO GENERATE CELLULOSE + LIGNIN

STOCKPILES FOR RETENTION OF GHG OF ALL FOSSIL FUELS IS 13.0 X 106 km2 AS COMPARED TO

36.4 X 106 km2 OF NATIVE FOREST, AND 8.5 X 106 km2 OF PLANTED FOREST AS PREDICTED BY

UNEP’S GREEN SCENARIO FOR 2050*

17% OF WORLD'S NON AGRARIAN OCCUPABLE AREA OF 76.5 X 106 km2

WORLD'S AGRARIAN LAND IS 13.5 X 106 km2 (EXCLUSIVELY FOR FOOD PRODUCTION)

COGENERATION OF H2 AND ELECTRIC ENERGY (EE) BY BIOMASS GASIFICATION IN

SUPERCRITICAL WATER - SCW INTEGRATED WITH A THERMOELECTRIC UNIT

(H2-BGSCW/TEU; 100 kg H2/TDB)

ALLOWS PROFITABLE BIOMASS REMUNERATION

(40 TDB/ha.y, USD 3.00/ t H2, USD 12,000/ha.y)

H2 PRODUCED FROM STEM OF FORESTATION AREA IS SUFFICIENT

TO CLEAN OIL AND COAL PRODUCTS

*UNEP 2011, TOWARDS A GREEN ECONOMY: PATHWAYS TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY ERADICATION, P. 184. www.unep.org/greeneconomy

http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy


MAIN TIRFE FEATURES

CELLULOSE + LIGNIN STOCKPILES* FOR CARBON RETENTION AND ENERGY SECURITY

(~ 30,000 STOCKPILES OF 1 km2 x 50 m HIGH)

ACCOUNTS FOR 34.00 X 1015 MJ OF ENERGY SECURITY, CONVERTING FOSSIL INTO RENEWABLE CARBON

*COMPACTED TREATED BIOMASS (1250 kg/m3) HAS COMPRESSION RESISTANCE OF 100 MPa, AND AT pH< 4 (500 wppm SO4-), IT

DOES NOT DETERIORATE FOR < 12% HUMIDITY

H2 ENERGY FROM STEM OF 1.30 X 109 ha REFORESTATION OVER FOSSIL FUEL LIFETIME

ACCOUNTS FOR 49.88 X 1015 MJ

IT DOUBLES THE ENERGY SUPPLYING, PRESERVING FOSSIL FUEL FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS

TOTAL FOSSIL FUEL RESERVES ENERGY IS 45.11 X 1015 MJ

RESPECTING SUN DISTRIBUTION OVER THE GLOBE, BIOMASS PELLETS, THE 4TH FORM OF ENERGY, MAINLY

PRODUCED IN THE TROPICS, WILL BE EXPORTED TO ASIA, EUROPE AND USA

(WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF BIOMASS PELLETS + H2 GENERATION AT THE CONSUMPTION SITES)


V3

V2

V1

ST

Cd

SD

Da

P1W1

P3W3

P4W4

Water

WGS2

PSA/

SSFM

WGS1

HE

FR

B

To Air Preheater

and APCD

CT H2

W5

Sh

B2

Ph

CO2/H2/CH4/CO

(Microalgae)

DW

IFS

TJ

P2

W2

Sectors 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Legend:P1, P2, P3, P4 - Water pumps;

W1, W2, W3, W4, W5 - Electric energy consumption;

B1 - Clean biomass; B2 - Contaminated biomass,

petcoke, coal;

F - Furnace; R - SCW Reactor tube;

Ph - SCW Preheater tube;

S - Slurry; TJ - Triple Junction; B - Boiler;

SD - Steam Drum; Sh - Superheater;

ST - Steam Turbine; G - Electric Generator;

Cd - Condenser; CT - Cooling Tower; Da - Deaerator;

DW - Deionized Water; HE - Heat exchange;

IF - Inorganic Filter; V1, V2, V3 - Expansion valve;

WGS1,2 - Water/Gas Separator of high and low pressure;

PSA/SSFM - Pressure Swing Adsorption / Selective Surface

Flow Membrane; CO2/H2/CH4/CO - Residual gas

(microalgae growth in photobioreactor)

PR - Petroleum Refinery; FC - Fuel Cell; GT - Gas Turbine

APCD - Air Pollution Control Device

G

H2-duct

2-10MPa

FCor

GTEE

H2 to PR

and others

Lime

B1

FLOW CHART OF

H2 PRODUCTION BY BIOMASS GASIFICATION IN SUPERCRITICAL WATER

INTEGRATED WITH THERMOELECTRIC UNIT H2-BGSCW/TEU


CONCLUSION

TIRFE ALLOWS THE USE OF ANY FORM OF ENERGY, ANYWHERE, AS LONG AS FOSSIL ENERGY PAYS A FEE FOR

ITS CARBON RETENTION IN THE FORM OF CELLULOSE + LIGNIN STOCKPILE (ENERGY SECURITY)

EVEN IF STEM IS USED FOR OTHER NOBLE APPLICATIONS (SOLID WOOD AND PANELS, ETC.), AND NOT TO

PRODUCE TO CLEAN OIL AND COAL DERIVATIVES, C+L SP FOR GHG RETENTION CAN STILL BE ACCOMPLISHED

CELLULOSE + LIGNIN STOCKPILE IS A CONVERSION OF FOSSIL INTO RENEWABLE CARBON, AND CAN CLEAN

PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE GHG FROM DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

(EVERYONE SHOULD PAY FOR CO2 POLLUTION)

THE CONCEPT OF ENERGY SUBSTITUTION SHOULD BE REPLACED

BY ENERGY INTEGRATION

TIRFE - TOTAL INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE AND FOSSIL ENERGY AIMING TO A CLEAN AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SYSTEM

ACKNOWLEGMENTS WCBE 2012 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE FOR THE INVITATION

CNPQ – NATIONAL COUNSEL OF TECHNOLOGICAL AND SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT FOR FINANCIAL SUPPORT

APRIL 25-28, 2012, XI'AN, CHINA

EEL-USP DEMAR

THANK YOU!

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