http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0009891.html

Intr

od

uci

ng

Alc

ohol

http://www.talktofrank.com/uploadedImages/Drugs/LARGE%20PHOTOS_ALCOHOL.jpg

In chemistry, any member of a group of organic chemical compounds characterized by the presence of one or more aliphatic OH (hydroxyl) groups in the molecule, and which form esters with acids. The main uses of alcohols are as solvents for gums, resins, lacquers, and varnishes; in the making of dyes; for essential oils in perfumery; and for medical substances in pharmacy. The alcohol produced naturally in the fermentation process and consumed as part of alcoholic beverages is called ethanol. When consumed the effects of alcohol include poisoning at high concentrations, and changes in the functioning of human nerve cells.

general formula Cn H2n+1 OH

methanol

ethanol

propanol

butanol

pentanol

hexanol

write their formulae and draw structures

http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=7388&rendTypeId=4

highlighted items increase by CH2

http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=7388&rendTypeId=4

Discuss

Any obvious trends in this data?

secondary alcohol

primary alcohol

Alcohols may be liquids or solids, according to the size and complexity of the molecule. A monohydric alcohol contains only one hydroxyl group in each molecule. The five simplest alcohols form a series in which the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in the molecule increases progressively, each one having an extra CH2 (methylene) group: methanol or wood spirit (methyl alcohol, CH3OH); ethanol (ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH); propanol (propyl alcohol, C3H7OH); butanol (butyl alcohol, C4H9OH); and pentanol (amyl alcohol, C5H11OH). The lower alcohols are liquids that mix with water; the higher alcohols, such as pentanol, are oily liquids immiscible with water; and the highest are waxy solids – for example, hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol, C16H33OH) and melissyl alcohol (C30H61OH), which occur in sperm-whale oil and beeswax, respectively. Alcohols containing the CH2OH group are primary; those containing CHOH are secondary; while those containing COH are tertiary.

http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0009891.html

Checked + correct, Mr G

Functional group isomerism

http://ehs.fullerton.edu/Safety4Students/images/IMAGE105.JPG

2-butanol

http://home.att.net/~cat6a/images/Organicchem_40d.gif

1-butanol

Functional group isomerism

http://dl.clackamas.cc.or.us/ch106-03/nomenc3.gif 2-pentanol

http://www.hamm-chemie.de/images/j11/strukturformeln/Alkanole/3-Pentanol.GIF

3-pentanol

http://www.tennoji-h.oku.ed.jp/tennoji/oka/OCDB/HydrocarbonOxygen/3-pentanol-b.gif

alcohol burning

http://au.answers.yahoo.com/answers2/frontend.php/question?qid=20080403133339AA1YVte

combustion of alcohol

CH3OH

C2H5OH

H2O

CO2O2

C3H7OH

C4H9OH

http://au.answers.yahoo.com/answers2/frontend.php/question?qid=20080403133339AA1YVte

combustion of alcohol

CH3OH

C2H5OH

H2O

CO2O2

C3H7OH

C4H9OH

http://au.answers.yahoo.com/answers2/frontend.php/question?qid=20080403133339AA1YVte

sodium + alcohol

CH3OH

C2H5OH

H2 ONa

Na

C3H7OH

C4H9OH

http://au.answers.yahoo.com/answers2/frontend.php/question?qid=20080403133339AA1YVte

sodium + alcohol

CH3OH

C2H5OH

H2 ONa

Na

C3H7OH

C4H9OH

acid + alcohol

CH3OH

C2H5OH

C3H7OH

C4H9OH

CH3COOH

HCOOH

CH3COOC2H5

H2O

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ester.png/781px-Ester.png

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/catalysis/esterify.html

The mechanism for the formation of ethyl ethanoateA reminder of the factsEthanoic acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid as a catalyst to produce the ester, ethyl ethanoate. The reaction is slow and reversible. To reduce the chances of the reverse reaction happening, the ester is distilled off as soon as it is formed.

Notice, the acid OH group marked in green ends up as the free water molecule

DO NOT LEARN THIS...TOO COMPLEX

But its interesting! YES?