TISSUE

The Living Fabric

Four Types of Tissue

Epithelial (protection)Connective (support)Muscle (movement)Nervous (control)

Epithelial Tissue

Covering & Lining Epithelium

Glandular Epithelium

Classified by:

Shape

Number of Layers

SquamousFlattened and Scalelike

CuboidalAs tall as they are wide

Culumnar Tall, Column-Shaped

ArrangementSimple Stratified

http://www.science.ubc.ca/~biomania/tutorial/tuthisto/epdiag20.gif

Simple Squamous

Simple Columnar

Stratified Squamous

Pseudostratified Squamous

Functions of Epithelium

ProtectionAbsorption SecretionSensory Functions

Features of Epithelium

Cell Junctions are TightBasement MembraneAvascular (no vessels)Highly Regenerative

Covering and Lining Epithelium

LocationEndothelium: Simple,

Reduces Friction (Vessels)Mucous Membranes: Line

body cavities that are open to the exterior. (Mouth, Nose)

LocationCutaneous Membrane: Skin,

Keratinized stratified squamous, dry membrane

Serous Membrane: Moist, Closed ventral body cavities, Reduce friction

Glandular EpitheliumSpecialized for SecretionOne or more epithelial cellsExocrine: Ducts (Saliva

glands, Pancreas)Endocrine: Ductless, Directly

into Extracellular Space (Hormones)

Connective Tissue

General PropertiesMost abundant and varied of all tissues

Primary function: bind the other tissues or the body.

Matrix: Nonliving, extracellular material, separates cells of the tissue.

Allows tissue to bear weight, tension, and endure abuses

Connective tissues develop from embryonic tissue known as MESENCHYME

CELLS

1. Fibroblasts: produce fibers and carbs and protein constituents of matrix

Chondroblast: Cartilage

Osteoblast: BoneHemocytoblast: Blood

FIBERSCollagen–Most abundant–White fibers–Tough, inelastic

FIBERSReticular –Finely branched–Composed of collagen –EX. Basement membrane, small blood vessels

FIBERSElastic –Yellow fibers–Elastin (protein)–Ex. Skin, lungs, vessels

Types of C.T.

Connective Tissue Proper

Two subclasses:

Loose connective (areolar, adipose, reticular)

Dense connective (Dense regular, Dense irregular, Elastic)

Dense regular connective

Elastic Cartilage

Cartilage: tough yet flexible, avascular–Chondrocytes–Perichondrium: well-vascularized dense irregular connective tissue membrane

BoneMain supporting tissueCompact bone & spongy

boneWell supplied by blood

vessels

BloodBlood and lymph are

circulating connective tissues

Red marrow-blood cells

Muscle Tissue

Skeletal: Voluntary control, attached to bone.

Cardiac: Involuntary, Heart, branched cells joined end to end.

Smooth: Involuntary–Lining of organs, vessels

NervousFunctions

–Receive stimuli–Transmit info–Control action of muscle and glands